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Chianese U, Papulino C, Passaro E, Evers TM, Babaei M, Toraldo A, De Marchi T, Niméus E, Carafa V, Nicoletti MM, Del Gaudio N, Iaccarino N, Randazzo A, Rotili D, Mai A, Cappabianca S, Mashaghi A, Ciardiello F, Altucci L, Benedetti R. Histone lysine demethylase inhibition reprograms prostate cancer metabolism and mechanics. Mol Metab 2022. [PMID: 35944897 PMCID: PMC9403566 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Conclusions KDMs inhibition promotes increases H3K4me2 and H3K27me3 in PCa and CRPC, which causes cancer selective pro-apoptotic pathways. KDMs regulate AR expression in PCa and CRPC, reducing ATP production, mitochondrial respiration and intermediate metabolites availability. Epigenetic controls metabolic pathways and redirects lipid metabolic cascade. KDMs inhibition alters lipid distribution and composition, impacting on physical and mechanical properties of PCa and CRPC.
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Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent protein lysine deacylase and mono-ADP ribosylases present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The sirtuin family comprises seven isoforms in mammals, each possessing different subcellular localization and biological functions. Sirtuins have received increasing attention in the past two decades given their pivotal functions in a variety of biological contexts, including cytodifferentiation, transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, inflammation, metabolism, neurological and cardiovascular physiology and cancer. Consequently, modulation of sirtuin activity has been regarded as a promising therapeutic option for many pathologies. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of sirtuin biology and pharmacology. We examine the main features of the most relevant inhibitors and activators, analyzing their structure-activity relationships, applications in biology, and therapeutic potential.
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Salazar-González RA, Doll MA, Hein DW. Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase 1 Activity is Regulated by the Protein Acetylation Status. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:797469. [PMID: 35153780 PMCID: PMC8828969 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.797469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) is a drug metabolizing enzyme that influences cancer cell proliferation and survival, especially in breast cancer. Lysine-acetylation is an important Post-Translational Modification (PTM) in the regulation of diverse cellular processes. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and Sirtuins (SIRT) may have an important role on the NAT1 acetylation status, affecting its catalytic capacity and having an impact on the downstream functions of this protein. The aim of the present work is to investigate the acetylation status of NAT1 in human breast cancer. Breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 (ER-, PR-, HER2-) and ZR-75-1 (estrogen receptor+, PR+, HER2+) were cultured in the presence of HDAC inhibitors (SAHA, TSA) or Sirtuin inhibitors (AGK2, EX527, Sirtinol). Under these conditions, NAT1 protein and gene expression as well as enzymatic activity were quantified. Acetylation of NAT1 protein was evaluated following an immunoprecipitation protocol and acetyl-Lysine quantification. Sirt1 and Sirt2 knockdown were performed and NAT1 protein and NAT1 mRNA expression and catalytic activity were quantified. The treatment of MDA-MB-231 or ZR-75-1 cells with increasing HDAC inhibitors resulted in 2 to 15-fold upregulation in NAT1 message expression. Finally, the catalytic activity of NAT1 in the presence of HDAC inhibition increased 2-fold. Conversely, the inhibition of Sirtuin activity did not cause significant changes in NAT1 message but produced a significant decrease in NAT1 catalytic activity. NAT1 acetylation was higher in the cells treated with HDAC inhibitors, as well as Sirtuin inhibitors. Finally, silencing of Sirt1 and Sirt2 genes by siRNA transient knockdown of each or both genes resulted in reduction of NAT1 protein expression and catalytic activity. The use of HDAC and Sirtuin inhibitors has been demonstrated as a promising powerful therapeutic alternative in various cancers. These inhibitors can significantly attenuate tumor burden by limiting tumor growth and metastasis. These compounds can also induce DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy to promote cancer cell death. Several studies have shown that NAT1 is upregulated in cancer cells. The results of the present study show that the acetylation status of NAT1 is an important factor that might have a relevant role in the progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl A Salazar-González
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Mark A Doll
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - David W Hein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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Roshdy E, Mustafa M, Shaltout AER, Radwan MO, Ibrahim MAA, Soliman ME, Fujita M, Otsuka M, Ali TFS. Selective SIRT2 inhibitors as promising anticancer therapeutics: An update from 2016 to 2020. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113709. [PMID: 34303869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a member of the human sirtuins, which regulates various biological processes and is deemed as a novel biomarker for different cancers. Depending on the tumor type, SIRT2 knockout leads to a controversial role in tumorigenesis, however, pharmacological inhibition of SIRT2 results exclusively in growth inhibition of various cancer cells. In this respect, selective SIRT2 inhibitors hold therapeutic promise in a wide range of tumors. The literature has a batch of successful stories of SIRT2 modulators discovery. This review presents our perspective on the up-to-date selective SIRT2 inhibitors and their antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam Roshdy
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Muhamad Mustafa
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt.
| | | | - Mohamed O Radwan
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan; Department of Drug Discovery, Science Farm Ltd., 1-7-30 Kuhonji, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0976, Japan; Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E Soliman
- Molecular Modelling and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Mikako Fujita
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Masami Otsuka
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan; Department of Drug Discovery, Science Farm Ltd., 1-7-30 Kuhonji, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0976, Japan
| | - Taha F S Ali
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt; Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
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Wang Y, Xie Q, Tan H, Liao M, Zhu S, Zheng LL, Huang H, Liu B. Targeting cancer epigenetic pathways with small-molecule compounds: Therapeutic efficacy and combination therapies. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105702. [PMID: 34102228 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics mainly refers to covalent modifications to DNA or histones without affecting genomes, which ultimately lead to phenotypic changes in cells or organisms. Given the abundance of regulatory targets in epigenetic pathways and their pivotal roles in tumorigenesis and drug resistance, the development of epigenetic drugs holds a great promise for the current cancer therapy. However, lack of potent, selective, and clinically tractable small-molecule compounds makes the strategy to target cancer epigenetic pathways still challenging. Therefore, this review focuses on epigenetic pathways, small molecule inhibitors targeting DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and small molecule inhibitors targeting histone modification (the main regulatory targets are histone acetyltransferases (HAT), histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone methyltransferases (HMTS)), as well as the combination strategies of the existing epigenetic therapeutic drugs and more new therapies to improve the efficacy, which will shed light on a new clue on discovery of more small-molecule drugs targeting cancer epigenetic pathways as promising strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People' Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Qiang Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People' Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Huidan Tan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu 610072, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Minru Liao
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People' Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Shiou Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Ling-Li Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, No. 278, Baoguang Rd, Xindu Region, Chengdu 610500, PR China.
| | - Haixia Huang
- Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR China; Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR China.
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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Abstract
Genetic mutations and abnormal gene regulation are key mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis. Nucleosomes, which consist of DNA wrapped around histone cores, represent the basic units of chromatin. The fifth amino group (Nε) of histone lysine residues is a common site for post-translational modifications (PTMs), and of these, acetylation is the second most common. Histone acetylation is modulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), and is involved in the regulation of gene expression. Over the past two decades, numerous studies characterizing HDACs and HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have provided novel and exciting insights concerning their underlying biological mechanisms and potential anti-cancer treatments. In this review, we detail the diverse structures of HDACs and their underlying biological functions, including transcriptional regulation, metabolism, angiogenesis, DNA damage response, cell cycle, apoptosis, protein degradation, immunity and other several physiological processes. We also highlight potential avenues to use HDACi as novel, precision cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
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Abstract
In recent years, sirtuins (SIRTs) gained an increasing consideration because of their multiple key roles in several biological settings such as the regulation of transcription, energetic metabolism, cell cycle progression, and cytodifferentiation, apoptosis, neuro- and cardio-protection, inflammation, cancer onset and progression. Since there is mounting evidence in favor of potential therapeutic applications of SIRT modulators in various age-related disorders, the search about them is quite active. Areas covered: This review includes the patents regarding SIRT modulators released from 2015 to 2019 and provides an overview of the most relevant SIRT modulators.Expert opinion: Despite the knowledge about this family of broad-spectrum protein lysine deacylases has recently massively increased, there are still open questions, first of all, the exact nature of their involvement in various age-related conditions. The search for isoform-specific SIRT activators and inhibitors is still at its infancy, a limited number of patents describing them has been released, and not many clinical trials are ongoing. However, it is extremely likely that the successes obtained in the structural elucidation and structure-based design approaches that very recently have led to potent and specific SIRT modulators will pave the way for the development of further compounds selective for every single isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Mautone
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, "Luigi Vanvitelli", Università della Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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Carafa V, Russo R, Della Torre L, Cuomo F, Dell'Aversana C, Sarno F, Sgueglia G, Di Donato M, Rotili D, Mai A, Nebbioso A, Cobellis G, Chambery A, Altucci L. Different facets of sex anxiety. Front Oncol 1981; 10:820. [PMID: 32528892 PMCID: PMC7255067 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of sirtuins (SIRTs) in modulating metabolic and stress response pathways is attracting growing scientific interest. Some SIRT family members are located in mitochondria, dynamic organelles that perform several crucial functions essential for eukaryotic life. Mitochondrial dysfunction has emerged as having a key role in a number of human diseases, including cancer. Here, we investigated mitochondrial damage resulting from treatment with a recently characterized pan-SIRT inhibitor, MC2494. MC2494 was able to block mitochondrial biogenesis and function in terms of ATP synthesis and energy metabolism, suggesting that it might orchestrate cell response to metabolic stress and thereby interfere with cancer promotion and progression. Targeting mitochondrial function could thus be considered a potential anticancer strategy for use in clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Carafa
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosita Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Laura Della Torre
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Cuomo
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Dell'Aversana
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Institute Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS)- National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Sarno
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Sgueglia
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Marzia Di Donato
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Cobellis
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Chambery
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Lucia Altucci
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