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Fatma K, Thumpati P, Panda D, Velayutham R, Dash J. Selective Recognition of c-KIT 1 G-Quadruplex by Structural Tuning of Heteroaromatic Scaffolds and Side Chains. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:388-395. [PMID: 38505840 PMCID: PMC10945540 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, carbazole (MC) and dibenzofuran (MD) derivatives were synthesized to examine their effect on the biomolecular recognition of G-quadruplex (G4) targets. Biophysical studies revealed that MC-4, a carbazole derivative, exhibits a specific affinity and effectively stabilizes the c-KIT 1 G4. Molecular modeling suggests a stable interaction of MC-4 with the terminal G-tetrad of c-KIT 1 G4. Biological studies demonstrate that MC-4 efficiently enters cells, reduces c-KIT gene expression, and induces cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, and apoptosis in cancer cells. These findings demonstrate MC-4 as a selective c-KIT G4 ligand with therapeutic potential, providing insight into the structural basis of its anticancer mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushnood Fatma
- Indian
Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja Subodh Chandra
Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Prasanth Thumpati
- Indian
Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja Subodh Chandra
Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
- National
Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Chunilal Bhawan, Maniktala, Kolkata-700054, India
| | - Deepanjan Panda
- Indian
Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja Subodh Chandra
Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Ravichandiran Velayutham
- National
Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Chunilal Bhawan, Maniktala, Kolkata-700054, India
| | - Jyotirmayee Dash
- Indian
Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja Subodh Chandra
Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
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Bose D, Banerjee N, Roy A, Sengupta P, Chatterjee S. Switchable tetraplex elements in the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K promoter: micro-environment dictated structural transitions of G/C rich elements. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38235706 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2303378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
We have elucidated the hnRNP K promoter as a hotspot for tetraplex-based molecular switches receptive to micro-environmental stimuli. We have characterised the structural features of four tetraplex-forming loci and identified them as binding sites of transcription factors. These segments form either G-quadruplex or i-motif structures, the structural dynamicity of which has been studied in depth via several biophysical techniques. The tetraplexes display high dynamicity and are influenced by both pH and KCl concentrations in vitro. The loci complementary to these sequences form additional non-canonical secondary structures. In the cellular context, the most eminent observation of this study is the binding of hnRNP K to the i-motif forming sequences in its own promoter. We are the first to report a probable transcriptional autoregulatory function of hnRNP K in coordination with higher-order DNA structures. Herein, we also report the positive interaction of the endogenous tetraplexes with Sp1, a well-known transcriptional regulator. Treatment with tetraplex-specific small molecule ligands further uncovered G-quadruplexes' functioning as repressors and i-motifs as activators in this context. Together, our findings strongly indicate the critical regulatory role of the identified tetraplex elements in the hnRNP K promoter.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debopriya Bose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Nilanjan Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ananya Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Pallabi Sengupta
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kemihuset (K), Campus, Umeå, Umeå universitet, Umeå, Sweden
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De Rache A, Marquevielle J, Bouaziz S, Vialet B, Andreola ML, Mergny JL, Amrane S. Structure of a DNA G-quadruplex that Modulates SP1 Binding Sites Architecture in HIV-1 Promoter. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168359. [PMID: 37952768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid sequences containing guanine tracts are able to form non-canonical DNA or RNA structures known as G-quadruplexes (or G4s). These structures, based on the stacking of G-tetrads, are involved in various biological processes such as gene expression regulation. Here, we investigated a G4 forming sequence, HIVpro2, derived from the HIV-1 promoter. This motif is located 60 nucleotides upstream of the proviral Transcription Starting Site (TSS) and overlaps with two SP1 transcription factor binding sites. Using NMR spectroscopy, we determined that HIVpro2 forms a hybrid type G4 structure with a core that is interrupted by a single nucleotide bulge. An additional reverse-Hoogsteen AT base pair is stacked on top of the tetrad. SP1 transcription factor is known to regulate transcription activity of many genes through the recognition of Guanine-rich duplex motifs. Here, the formation of HIVpro2 G4 may modulate SP1 binding sites architecture by competing with the formation of the canonical duplex structure. Such DNA structural switch potentially participates to the regulation of viral transcription and may also interfere with HIV-1 reactivation or viral latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore De Rache
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; ARNA Laboratory, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, IECB, Bordeaux, France; Department of Chemistry, U. Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, B5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Julien Marquevielle
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; ARNA Laboratory, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, IECB, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Brune Vialet
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; ARNA Laboratory, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, IECB, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Line Andreola
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; MFP Laboratory, UMR5234, CNRS, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- Laboratoire d'Optique & Biosciences, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Samir Amrane
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; ARNA Laboratory, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, IECB, Bordeaux, France.
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Bal G, Schneikert J, Li Z, Franke K, Tripathi SR, Zuberbier T, Babina M. CREB Is Indispensable to KIT Function in Human Skin Mast Cells-A Positive Feedback Loop between CREB and KIT Orchestrates Skin Mast Cell Fate. Cells 2023; 13:42. [PMID: 38201246 PMCID: PMC10778115 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin mast cells (MCs) are critical effector cells in acute allergic reactions, and they contribute to chronic dermatoses like urticaria and atopic and contact dermatitis. KIT represents the cells' crucial receptor tyrosine kinase, which orchestrates proliferation, survival, and functional programs throughout the lifespan. cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), an evolutionarily well-conserved transcription factor (TF), regulates multiple cellular programs, but its function in MCs is poorly understood. We recently reported that CREB is an effector of the SCF (Stem Cell Factor)/KIT axis. Here, we ask whether CREB may also act upstream of KIT to orchestrate its functioning. Primary human MCs were isolated from skin and cultured in SCF+IL-4 (Interleukin-4). Pharmacological inhibition (666-15) and RNA interference served to manipulate CREB function. We studied KIT expression using flow cytometry and RT-qPCR, KIT-mediated signaling using immunoblotting, and cell survival using scatterplot and caspase-3 activity. The proliferation and cycle phases were quantified following BrdU incorporation. Transient CREB perturbation resulted in reduced KIT expression. Conversely, microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) was unnecessary for KIT maintenance. KIT attenuation secondary to CREB was associated with heavily impaired KIT functional outputs, like anti-apoptosis and cell cycle progression. Likewise, KIT-elicited phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2), AKT, and STAT5 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) was substantially diminished upon CREB inhibition. Surprisingly, the longer-term interference of CREB led to complete cell elimination, in a way surpassing KIT inhibition. Collectively, we reveal CREB as non-redundant in MCs, with its absence being incompatible with skin MCs' existence. Since SCF/KIT regulates CREB activity and, vice versa, CREB is required for KIT function, a positive feedforward loop between these elements dictates skin MCs' fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gürkan Bal
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (G.B.); (J.S.); (Z.L.); (K.F.); (S.R.T.); (T.Z.)
- Institute of Allergology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean Schneikert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (G.B.); (J.S.); (Z.L.); (K.F.); (S.R.T.); (T.Z.)
- Institute of Allergology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhuoran Li
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (G.B.); (J.S.); (Z.L.); (K.F.); (S.R.T.); (T.Z.)
- Institute of Allergology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Franke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (G.B.); (J.S.); (Z.L.); (K.F.); (S.R.T.); (T.Z.)
- Institute of Allergology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shiva Raj Tripathi
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (G.B.); (J.S.); (Z.L.); (K.F.); (S.R.T.); (T.Z.)
- Institute of Allergology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (G.B.); (J.S.); (Z.L.); (K.F.); (S.R.T.); (T.Z.)
- Institute of Allergology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Magda Babina
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (G.B.); (J.S.); (Z.L.); (K.F.); (S.R.T.); (T.Z.)
- Institute of Allergology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
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Lorenzatti A, Piga EJ, Gismondi M, Binolfi A, Margarit E, Calcaterra N, Armas P. Genetic variations in G-quadruplex forming sequences affect the transcription of human disease-related genes. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:12124-12139. [PMID: 37930868 PMCID: PMC10711447 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanine-rich DNA strands can fold into non-canonical four-stranded secondary structures named G-quadruplexes (G4s). G4s folded in proximal promoter regions (PPR) are associated either with positive or negative transcriptional regulation. Given that single nucleotide variants (SNVs) affecting G4 folding (G4-Vars) may alter gene transcription, and that SNVs are associated with the human diseases' onset, we undertook a novel comprehensive study of the G4-Vars genome-wide (G4-variome) to find disease-associated G4-Vars located into PPRs. We developed a bioinformatics strategy to find disease-related SNVs located into PPRs simultaneously overlapping with putative G4-forming sequences (PQSs). We studied five G4-Vars disturbing in vitro the folding and stability of the G4s located into PPRs, which had been formerly associated with sporadic Alzheimer's disease (GRIN2B), a severe familiar coagulopathy (F7), atopic dermatitis (CSF2), myocardial infarction (SIRT1) and deafness (LHFPL5). Results obtained in cultured cells for these five G4-Vars suggest that the changes in the G4s affect the transcription, potentially contributing to the development of the mentioned diseases. Collectively, data reinforce the general idea that G4-Vars may impact on the different susceptibilities to human genetic diseases' onset, and could be novel targets for diagnosis and drug design in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Lorenzatti
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario S2000EZP, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ernesto J Piga
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario S2000EZP, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mauro Gismondi
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andrés Binolfi
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario S2000EZP, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Plataforma Argentina de Biología Estructural y Metabolómica (PLABEM), Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario S200EZP, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Margarit
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Nora B Calcaterra
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario S2000EZP, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Pablo Armas
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario S2000EZP, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Romano F, Di Porzio A, Iaccarino N, Riccardi G, Di Lorenzo R, Laneri S, Pagano B, Amato J, Randazzo A. G-quadruplexes in cancer-related gene promoters: from identification to therapeutic targeting. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:745-773. [PMID: 37855085 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2271168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Guanine-rich DNA sequences can fold into four-stranded noncanonical secondary structures called G-quadruplexes (G4s) which are widely distributed in functional regions of the human genome, such as telomeres and gene promoter regions. Compelling evidence suggests their involvement in key genome functions such as gene expression and genome stability. Notably, the abundance of G4-forming sequences near transcription start sites suggests their potential involvement in regulating oncogenes. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of current knowledge on G4s in human oncogene promoters. The most representative G4-binding ligands have also been documented. The objective of this work is to present a comprehensive overview of the most promising targets for the development of novel and highly specific anticancer drugs capable of selectively impacting the expression of individual or a limited number of genes. EXPERT OPINION Modulation of G4 formation by specific ligands has been proposed as a powerful new tool to treat cancer through the control of oncogene expression. Actually, most of G4-binding small molecules seem to simultaneously target a range of gene promoter G4s, potentially influencing several critical driver genes in cancer, thus producing significant therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Romano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Di Porzio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Iaccarino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Sonia Laneri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Jussara Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Randazzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Sharma T, Kundu N, Kaur S, Shankaraswamy J, Saxena S. Why to target G-quadruplexes using peptides: Next-generation G4-interacting ligands. J Pept Sci 2023; 29:e3491. [PMID: 37009771 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Guanine-rich oligonucleotides existing in both DNA and RNA are able to fold into four-stranded DNA secondary structures via Hoogsteen type hydrogen-bonding, where four guanines self-assemble into a square planar arrangement, which, when stacked upon each other, results in the formation of higher-order structures called G-quadruplexes. Their distribution is not random; they are more frequently present at telomeres, proto-oncogenic promoters, introns, 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions, stem cell markers, ribosome binding sites and so forth and are associated with various biological functions, all of which play a pivotal role in various incurable diseases like cancer and cellular ageing. Several studies have suggested that G-quadruplexes could not regulate biological processes by themselves; instead, various proteins take part in this regulation and can be important therapeutic targets. There are certain limitations in using whole G4-protein for therapeutics purpose because of its high manufacturing cost, laborious structure prediction, dynamic nature, unavailability for oral administration due to its degradation in the gut and inefficient penetration to reach the target site because of the large size. Hence, biologically active peptides can be the potential candidates for therapeutic intervention instead of the whole G4-protein complex. In this review, we aimed to clarify the biological roles of G4s, how we can identify them throughout the genome via bioinformatics, the proteins interacting with G4s and how G4-interacting peptide molecules may be the potential next-generation ligands for targeting the G4 motifs located in biologically important regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taniya Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Nikita Kundu
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Sarvpreet Kaur
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Jadala Shankaraswamy
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Mojerla, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Budwel, Telangana, India
| | - Sarika Saxena
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
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Han ZQ, Wen LN. Application of G-quadruplex targets in gastrointestinal cancers: Advancements, challenges and prospects. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:1149-1173. [PMID: 37546556 PMCID: PMC10401460 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i7.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability and inflammation are considered to be two enabling characteristics that support cancer development and progression. G-quadruplex structure is a key element that contributes to genomic instability and inflammation. G-quadruplexes were once regarded as simply an obstacle that can block the transcription of oncogenes. A ligand targeting G-quadruplexes was found to have anticancer activity, making G-quadruplexes potential anticancer targets. However, further investigation has revealed that G-quadruplexes are widely distributed throughout the human genome and have many functions, such as regulating DNA replication, DNA repair, transcription, translation, epigenetics, and inflammatory response. G-quadruplexes play double regulatory roles in transcription and translation. In this review, we focus on G-quadruplexes as novel targets for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. We summarize the application basis of G-quadruplexes in gastrointestinal cancers, including their distribution sites, structural characteristics, and physiological functions. We describe the current status of applications for the treatment of esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors, as well as the associated challenges. Finally, we review the prospective clinical applications of G-quadruplex targets, providing references for targeted treatment strategies in gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Qiang Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing 102211, China
| | - Li-Na Wen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
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Lista MJ, Jousset AC, Cheng M, Saint-André V, Perrot E, Rodrigues M, Di Primo C, Gadelle D, Toccafondi E, Segeral E, Berlioz-Torrent C, Emiliani S, Mergny JL, Lavigne M. DNA topoisomerase 1 represses HIV-1 promoter activity through its interaction with a guanine quadruplex present in the LTR sequence. Retrovirology 2023; 20:10. [PMID: 37254203 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-023-00625-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Once integrated in the genome of infected cells, HIV-1 provirus is transcribed by the cellular transcription machinery. This process is regulated by both viral and cellular factors, which are necessary for an efficient viral replication as well as for the setting up of viral latency, leading to a repressed transcription of the integrated provirus. RESULTS In this study, we examined the role of two parameters in HIV-1 LTR promoter activity. We identified DNA topoisomerase1 (TOP1) to be a potent repressor of this promoter and linked this repression to its catalytic domain. Additionally, we confirmed the folding of a Guanine quadruplex (G4) structure in the HIV-1 promoter and its repressive effect. We demonstrated a direct interaction between TOP1 and this G4 structure, providing evidence of a functional relationship between the two repressive elements. Mutations abolishing G4 folding affected TOP1/G4 interaction and hindered G4-dependent inhibition of TOP1 catalytic activity in vitro. As a result, HIV-1 promoter activity was reactivated in a native chromatin environment. Lastly, we noticed an enrichment of predicted G4 sequences in the promoter of TOP1-repressed cellular genes. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the formation of a TOP1/G4 complex on the HIV-1 LTR promoter and its repressive effect on the promoter activity. They reveal the existence of a new mechanism of TOP1/G4-dependent transcriptional repression conserved between viral and human genes. This mechanism contrasts with the known property of TOP1 as global transcriptional activator and offers new perspectives for anti-cancer and anti-viral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Lista
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, Paris, France
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anne-Caroline Jousset
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, Paris, France
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UPR 9002, Architecture et réactivité de l'ARN, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mingpan Cheng
- CNRS UMR 5320, INSERM U1212, ARNA, Univ. Bordeaux, IECB, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Violaine Saint-André
- Institut Pasteur, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Elouan Perrot
- Institut Pasteur, Departement of Virology, Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Melissa Rodrigues
- Institut Pasteur, Departement of Virology, Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Carmelo Di Primo
- CNRS UMR 5320, INSERM U1212, ARNA, Univ. Bordeaux, IECB, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Danielle Gadelle
- Institut de Biologie Integrative de la Cellule, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif Sur Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Elenia Toccafondi
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, Paris, France
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UPR 9002, Architecture et réactivité de l'ARN, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Emmanuel Segeral
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, Paris, France
| | | | - Stéphane Emiliani
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- CNRS UMR 5320, INSERM U1212, ARNA, Univ. Bordeaux, IECB, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Marc Lavigne
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, Paris, France.
- Institut Pasteur, Departement of Virology, Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France.
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10
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Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Wen J, Liu S, Huang T, Hatial I, Peng X, Janabi HA, Huang G, Mittlesteadt J, Cheng M, Bhardwaj A, Ashfeld BL, Kao KR, Maeda DY, Dai X, Wiest O, Blagg BS, Lu X, Cheng L, Wan J, Lu X. Targeting the chromatin effector Pygo2 promotes cytotoxic T cell responses and overcomes immunotherapy resistance in prostate cancer. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eade4656. [PMID: 36897957 PMCID: PMC10336890 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.ade4656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The noninflamed microenvironment in prostate cancer represents a barrier to immunotherapy. Genetic alterations underlying cancer cell-intrinsic oncogenic signaling are increasingly appreciated for their role in shaping the immune landscape. Recently, we identified Pygopus 2 (PYGO2) as the driver oncogene for the amplicon at 1q21.3 in prostate cancer. Here, using transgenic mouse models of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma, we found that Pygo2 deletion decelerated tumor progression, diminished metastases, and extended survival. Pygo2 loss augmented the activation and infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and sensitized tumor cells to T cell killing. Mechanistically, Pygo2 orchestrated a p53/Sp1/Kit/Ido1 signaling network to foster a microenvironment hostile to CTLs. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of Pygo2 enhanced the antitumor efficacy of immunotherapies using immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), adoptive cell transfer, or agents inhibiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In human prostate cancer samples, Pygo2 expression was inversely correlated with the infiltration of CD8+ T cells. Analysis of the ICB clinical data showed association between high PYGO2 level and worse outcome. Together, our results highlight a potential path to improve immunotherapy using Pygo2-targeted therapy for advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Jiling Wen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Tianhe Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Ishita Hatial
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Peng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Hawraa Al Janabi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Jackson Mittlesteadt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Michael Cheng
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Atul Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Brandon L. Ashfeld
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Kenneth R. Kao
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Labs, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s Campus, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | | | - Xing Dai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Olaf Wiest
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Brian S.J. Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Xuemin Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Lifespan Academic Medical Center, and the Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University - Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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11
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Roy A, Basu D, Bose D, Dutta A, Dastidar SG, Chatterjee S. Identification and characterization of a flexile G-quadruplex in the distal promoter region of stemness gene REX1. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123263. [PMID: 36649868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We have identified a parallel G-quadruplex (R1WT) in the distal promoter region (-821 base-pairs upstream of the TSS) of the pluripotent gene REX1. Through biophysical and biochemical approach, we have characterized the G-quadruplex (GQ) as a potential molecular switch that may control REX1 promoter activity to determine the transcriptional fate. Small- molecule interactive study of the monomeric form of R1WT (characterized as R1mut2) with TMPyP4 and BRACO-19 revealed GQ destabilization upon interaction with TMPyP4 and stabilization upon interaction with BRACO-19. This distinctive drug interactivity suggests the in cellulo R1WT to be a promising drug target. The endogenous existence of R1WT was confirmed by BG4 antibody derived chromatin immunoprecipitation experiment. Here in, we also report the endogenous interaction of GQ specific transcription factors (TFs) with R1WT region in the human chromatin of cancer cell. The wild-type G-quadruplex was found to interact with four important transcription factors, (i) specificity protein (Sp1) (ii) non-metastatic cell 2 (NM23-H2): a diphosphatase (iii) cellular nucleic acid binding protein (CNBP) and (iv) heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) in the REX1 promoter. In contrast, nucleolin protein (NCL) binding was found to be low to the said G-quadruplex. The flexibility of R1WT between folded and unfolded states, obtained from experimental and computational analysis strongly suggests R1WT to be an important gene regulatory element in the genome. It controls promoter DNA relaxation with the coordinated interaction of transcription factors, the deregulation of which seeds stemness characteristic in cancer cells for further metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Roy
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, EN-80 Sector V, Salt Lake, Unified Campus, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Debadrita Basu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Bose Institute, EN-80 Sector V, Salt Lake, Unified Campus, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Debopriya Bose
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, EN-80 Sector V, Salt Lake, Unified Campus, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Anindya Dutta
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, EN-80 Sector V, Salt Lake, Unified Campus, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Shubhra Ghosh Dastidar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Bose Institute, EN-80 Sector V, Salt Lake, Unified Campus, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Subhrangsu Chatterjee
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, EN-80 Sector V, Salt Lake, Unified Campus, Kolkata 700091, India.
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12
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Neupane A, Chariker JH, Rouchka EC. Structural and Functional Classification of G-Quadruplex Families within the Human Genome. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030645. [PMID: 36980918 PMCID: PMC10048163 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are short secondary DNA structures located throughout genomic DNA and transcribed RNA. Although G4 structures have been shown to form in vivo, no current search tools that examine these structures based on previously identified G-quadruplexes and filter them based on similar sequence, structure, and thermodynamic properties are known to exist. We present a framework for clustering G-quadruplex sequences into families using the CD-HIT, MeShClust, and DNACLUST methods along with a combination of Starcode and BLAST. Utilizing this framework to filter and annotate clusters, 95 families of G-quadruplex sequences were identified within the human genome. Profiles for each family were created using hidden Markov models to allow for the identification of additional family members and generate homology probability scores. The thermodynamic folding energy properties, functional annotation of genes associated with the sequences, scores from different prediction algorithms, and transcription factor binding motifs within a family were used to annotate and compare the diversity within and across clusters. The resulting set of G-quadruplex families can be used to further understand how different regions of the genome are regulated by factors targeting specific structures common to members of a specific cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryan Neupane
- School of Graduate and Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Julia H. Chariker
- Department of Neuroscience Training, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Kentucky IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (KY INBRE) Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Eric C. Rouchka
- Kentucky IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (KY INBRE) Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(502)-852-3060
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13
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Wu S, Jiang L, Lei L, Fu C, Huang J, Hu Y, Dong Y, Chen J, Zeng Q. Crosstalk between G-quadruplex and ROS. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:37. [PMID: 36653351 PMCID: PMC9849334 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to single nucleic acid base damage, DNA strand breakage, inter- and intra-strand cross-linking of nucleic acids, and protein-DNA cross-linking involved in the pathogenesis of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and aging. G-quadruplex (G4) is a stacked nucleic acid structure that is ubiquitous across regulatory regions of multiple genes. Abnormal formation and destruction of G4s due to multiple factors, including cations, helicases, transcription factors (TFs), G4-binding proteins, and epigenetic modifications, affect gene replication, transcription, translation, and epigenetic regulation. Due to the lower redox potential of G-rich sequences and unique structural characteristics, G4s are highly susceptible to oxidative damage. Additionally, the formation, stability, and biological regulatory role of G4s are affected by ROS. G4s are involved in regulating gene transcription, translation, and telomere length maintenance, and are therefore key players in age-related degeneration. Furthermore, G4s also mediate the antioxidant process by forming stress granules and activating Nrf2, which is suggestive of their involvement in developing ROS-related diseases. In this review, we have summarized the crosstalk between ROS and G4s, and the possible regulatory mechanisms through which G4s play roles in aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjiang Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Li Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Chuhan Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jinhua Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yibo Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yumeng Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Qinghai Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
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14
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Amrane S, Jaubert C, Bedrat A, Rundstadler T, Recordon-Pinson P, Aknin C, Guédin A, De Rache A, Bartolucci L, Diene I, Lemoine F, Gascuel O, Pratviel G, Mergny JL, Andreola ML. Deciphering RNA G-quadruplex function during the early steps of HIV-1 infection. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:12328-12343. [PMID: 36453997 PMCID: PMC9757044 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are four-stranded nucleic acid structures formed by the stacking of G-tetrads. Here we investigated their formation and function during HIV-1 infection. Using bioinformatics and biophysics analyses we first searched for evolutionary conserved G4-forming sequences in HIV-1 genome. We identified 10 G4s with conservation rates higher than those of HIV-1 regulatory sequences such as RRE and TAR. We then used porphyrin-based G4-binders to probe the formation of the G4s during infection of human cells by native HIV-1. The G4-binders efficiently inhibited HIV-1 infectivity, which is attributed to the formation of G4 structures during HIV-1 replication. Using a qRT-PCR approach, we showed that the formation of viral G4s occurs during the first 2 h post-infection and their stabilization by the G4-binders prevents initiation of reverse transcription. We also used a G4-RNA pull-down approach, based on a G4-specific biotinylated probe, to allow the direct detection and identification of viral G4-RNA in infected cells. Most of the detected G4-RNAs contain crucial regulatory elements such as the PPT and cPPT sequences as well as the U3 region. Hence, these G4s would function in the early stages of infection when the viral RNA genome is being processed for the reverse transcription step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Amrane
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel : +33 5 4000 2224;
| | - Chloé Jaubert
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France,ARNA Laboratory, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, IECB, Bordeaux, France
| | - Amina Bedrat
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France,ARNA Laboratory, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, IECB, Bordeaux, France
| | - Tiffany Rundstadler
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, Toulouse, France,Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS UPR 8241, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Cindy Aknin
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France,MFP laboratory, UMR5234, CNRS, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurore Guédin
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France,ARNA Laboratory, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, IECB, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurore De Rache
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France,ARNA Laboratory, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, IECB, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laura Bartolucci
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France,ARNA Laboratory, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, IECB, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ibra Diene
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France,ARNA Laboratory, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, IECB, Bordeaux, France
| | - Frédéric Lemoine
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Unité de Bioinformatique Évolutive, F-75015 Paris, France,Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Hub de bioinformatique et biostatistiques, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Gascuel
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Unité de Bioinformatique Évolutive, F-75015 Paris, France,Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB, UMR 7205 - CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, SU, EPHE UA), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Pratviel
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, Toulouse, France,Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS UPR 8241, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France,ARNA Laboratory, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, IECB, Bordeaux, France,Laboratoire d’Optique & Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Marie-Line Andreola
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France,MFP laboratory, UMR5234, CNRS, Bordeaux, France
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15
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Abstract
There are over 700,000 putative G4-quadruplexes (G4Qs) in the human genome, found largely in promoter regions, telomeres, and other regions of high regulation. Growing evidence links their presence to functionality in various cellular processes, where cellular proteins interact with them, either stabilizing and/or anchoring upon them, or unwinding them to allow a process to proceed. Interest in understanding and manipulating the plethora of processes regulated by these G4Qs has spawned a new area of small-molecule binder development, with attempts to mimic and block the associated G4-binding protein (G4BP). Despite the growing interest and focus on these G4Qs, there is limited data (in particular, high-resolution structural information), on the nature of these G4Q-G4BP interactions and what makes a G4BP selective to certain G4Qs, if in fact they are at all. This review summarizes the current literature on G4BPs with regards to their interactions with G4Qs, providing groupings for binding mode, drawing conclusions around commonalities and highlighting information on specific interactions where available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Meier-Stephenson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
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16
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Mendes E, Aljnadi IM, Bahls B, Victor BL, Paulo A. Major Achievements in the Design of Quadruplex-Interactive Small Molecules. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030300. [PMID: 35337098 PMCID: PMC8953082 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic small molecules that can recognize and bind to G-quadruplex and i-Motif nucleic acids have great potential as selective drugs or as tools in drug target discovery programs, or even in the development of nanodevices for medical diagnosis. Hundreds of quadruplex-interactive small molecules have been reported, and the challenges in their design vary with the intended application. Herein, we survey the major achievements on the therapeutic potential of such quadruplex ligands, their mode of binding, effects upon interaction with quadruplexes, and consider the opportunities and challenges for their exploitation in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Mendes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.Ulisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.M.); (I.M.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Israa M. Aljnadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.Ulisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.M.); (I.M.A.); (B.B.)
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Bárbara Bahls
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.Ulisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.M.); (I.M.A.); (B.B.)
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Bruno L. Victor
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Alexandra Paulo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.Ulisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (E.M.); (I.M.A.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Ceschi S, Berselli M, Cozzaglio M, Giantin M, Toppo S, Spolaore B, Sissi C. Vimentin binds to G-quadruplex repeats found at telomeres and gene promoters. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:1370-1381. [PMID: 35100428 PMCID: PMC8860586 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplex (G4) structures that can form at guanine-rich genomic sites, including telomeres and gene promoters, are actively involved in genome maintenance, replication, and transcription, through finely tuned interactions with protein networks. In the present study, we identified the intermediate filament protein Vimentin as a binder with nanomolar affinity for those G-rich sequences that give rise to at least two adjacent G4 units, named G4 repeats. This interaction is supported by the N-terminal domains of soluble Vimentin tetramers. The selectivity of Vimentin for G4 repeats versus individual G4s provides an unprecedented result. Based on GO enrichment analysis performed on genes having putative G4 repeats within their core promoters, we suggest that Vimentin recruitment at these sites may contribute to the regulation of gene expression during cell development and migration, possibly by reshaping the local higher-order genome topology, as already reported for lamin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ceschi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Michele Berselli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Marta Cozzaglio
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Mery Giantin
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro 35020, Italy
| | - Stefano Toppo
- CRIBI Biotechnology Center (Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale per le Biotecnologie Innovative), University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Barbara Spolaore
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
- CRIBI Biotechnology Center (Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale per le Biotecnologie Innovative), University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Claudia Sissi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
- CRIBI Biotechnology Center (Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale per le Biotecnologie Innovative), University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
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18
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Vesco G, Lamperti M, Salerno D, Marrano CA, Cassina V, Rigo R, Buglione E, Bondani M, Nicoletto G, Mantegazza F, Sissi C, Nardo L. Double-stranded flanking ends affect the folding kinetics and conformational equilibrium of G-quadruplexes forming sequences within the promoter of KIT oncogene. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:9724-9737. [PMID: 34478543 PMCID: PMC8464035 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes embedded within promoters play a crucial role in regulating the gene expression. KIT is a widely studied oncogene, whose promoter contains three G-quadruplex forming sequences, c-kit1, c-kit2 and c-kit*. For these sequences available studies cover ensemble and single-molecule analyses, although for kit* the latter were limited to a study on a promoter domain comprising all of them. Recently, c-kit2 has been reported to fold according to a multi-step process involving folding intermediates. Here, by exploiting fluorescence resonance energy transfer, both in ensemble and at the single molecule level, we investigated the folding of expressly designed constructs in which, alike in the physiological context, either c-kit2 or c-kit* are flanked by double stranded DNA segments. To assess whether the presence of flanking ends at the borders of the G-quadruplex affects the folding, we studied under the same protocols oligonucleotides corresponding to the minimal G-quadruplex forming sequences. Data suggest that addition of flanking ends results in biasing both the final equilibrium state and the folding kinetics. A previously unconsidered aspect is thereby unravelled, which ought to be taken into account to achieve a deeper insight of the complex relationships underlying the fine tuning of the gene-regulatory properties of these fascinating DNA structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Vesco
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Marco Lamperti
- Department of Physics, Polytechnic of Milan, 23900 Lecco, Italy
| | - Domenico Salerno
- School of Medicine and Surgery, BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy
| | - Claudia Adriana Marrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy
| | - Valeria Cassina
- School of Medicine and Surgery, BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy
| | - Riccardo Rigo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Buglione
- School of Medicine and Surgery, BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy
| | - Maria Bondani
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnology, IFN-CNR, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Giulia Nicoletto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Mantegazza
- School of Medicine and Surgery, BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy
| | - Claudia Sissi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Nardo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy
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19
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Tikhonova P, Pavlova I, Isaakova E, Tsvetkov V, Bogomazova A, Vedekhina T, Luzhin AV, Sultanov R, Severov V, Klimina K, Kantidze OL, Pozmogova G, Lagarkova M, Varizhuk A. DNA G-Quadruplexes Contribute to CTCF Recruitment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7090. [PMID: 34209337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplex (G4) sites in the human genome frequently colocalize with CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF)-bound sites in CpG islands (CGIs). We aimed to clarify the role of G4s in CTCF positioning. Molecular modeling data suggested direct interactions, so we performed in vitro binding assays with quadruplex-forming sequences from CGIs in the human genome. G4s bound CTCF with Kd values similar to that of the control duplex, while respective i-motifs exhibited no affinity for CTCF. Using ChIP-qPCR assays, we showed that G4-stabilizing ligands enhance CTCF occupancy at a G4-prone site in STAT3 gene. In view of the reportedly increased CTCF affinity for hypomethylated DNA, we next questioned whether G4s also facilitate CTCF recruitment to CGIs via protecting CpG sites from methylation. Bioinformatics analysis of previously published data argued against such a possibility. Finally, we questioned whether G4s facilitate CTCF recruitment by affecting chromatin structure. We showed that three architectural chromatin proteins of the high mobility group colocalize with G4s in the genome and recognize parallel-stranded or mixed-topology G4s in vitro. One of such proteins, HMGN3, contributes to the association between G4s and CTCF according to our bioinformatics analysis. These findings support both direct and indirect roles of G4s in CTCF recruitment.
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20
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Buglione E, Salerno D, Marrano CA, Cassina V, Vesco G, Nardo L, Dacasto M, Rigo R, Sissi C, Mantegazza F. Nanomechanics of G-quadruplexes within the promoter of the KIT oncogene. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:4564-4573. [PMID: 33849064 PMCID: PMC8096272 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are tetrahelical DNA structures stabilized by four guanines paired via Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds into quartets. While their presence within eukaryotic DNA is known to play a key role in regulatory processes, their functional mechanisms are still under investigation. In the present work, we analysed the nanomechanical properties of three G4s present within the promoter of the KIT proto-oncogene from a single-molecule point of view through the use of magnetic tweezers (MTs). The study of DNA extension fluctuations under negative supercoiling allowed us to identify a characteristic fingerprint of G4 folding. We further analysed the energetic contribution of G4 to the double-strand denaturation process in the presence of negative supercoiling, and we observed a reduction in the energy required for strands separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Buglione
- School of Medicine and Surgery, BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy
| | - Domenico Salerno
- School of Medicine and Surgery, BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy
| | - Claudia Adriana Marrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy
| | - Valeria Cassina
- School of Medicine and Surgery, BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy
| | - Guglielmo Vesco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy
| | - Luca Nardo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy
| | - Mauro Dacasto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Riccardo Rigo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova (PD), Italy
| | - Claudia Sissi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova (PD), Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center for Innovative Biotechnologies (CRIBI), University of Padova, 35121 Padova (PD), Italy
| | - Francesco Mantegazza
- School of Medicine and Surgery, BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy
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21
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Zhang L, Yan T, Wang W, Wu Q, Li G, Li D, Stovall DB, Wang Y, Li Y, Sui G. AKT1 is positively regulated by G-quadruplexes in its promoter and 3'-UTR. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 561:93-100. [PMID: 34020144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AKT1 plays a key role in cell growth and survival, and its activation in cancers is mediated by different mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the potential of G-quadruplex (G4) formation by multiple consecutive G-tracts in the AKT1 promoter and its 3'-UTR. In circular dichroism analyses, synthetic oligonucleotides based on these G-tract regions showed molar ellipticity peaks at specific wavelengths of G4 structures. We verified G4 forming potential of these oligonucleotides using dimethyl sulfate footprinting, gel-shift and immunostaining assays. In reporter assays, mutations of the G-tracts in either the promoter or the 3'-UTR of AKT1 reduced expression mediated by these G-rich regions, suggesting positive regulation of AKT1 gene expression by these G4 structures. Furthermore, SP1 bound to its consensus sites regardless of the presence of G4 motifs in the AKT1 promoter, and both the G4 motifs and SP1 binding sites were needed to reach the strongest promoter strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ting Yan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wenmeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Guangyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Dangdang Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Daniel B Stovall
- College of Arts and Sciences, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC, 29733, United States
| | - Yunxuan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Guangchao Sui
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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22
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Monti P, Brazda V, Bohálová N, Porubiaková O, Menichini P, Speciale A, Bocciardi R, Inga A, Fronza G. Evaluating the Influence of a G-Quadruplex Prone Sequence on the Transactivation Potential by Wild-Type and/or Mutant P53 Family Proteins through a Yeast-Based Functional Assay. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:277. [PMID: 33672023 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
P53, P63, and P73 proteins belong to the P53 family of transcription factors, sharing a common gene organization that, from the P1 and P2 promoters, produces two groups of mRNAs encoding proteins with different N-terminal regions; moreover, alternative splicing events at C-terminus further contribute to the generation of multiple isoforms. P53 family proteins can influence a plethora of cellular pathways mainly through the direct binding to specific DNA sequences known as response elements (REs), and the transactivation of the corresponding target genes. However, the transcriptional activation by P53 family members can be regulated at multiple levels, including the DNA topology at responsive promoters. Here, by using a yeast-based functional assay, we evaluated the influence that a G-quadruplex (G4) prone sequence adjacent to the p53 RE derived from the apoptotic PUMA target gene can exert on the transactivation potential of full-length and N-terminal truncated P53 family α isoforms (wild-type and mutant). Our results show that the presence of a G4 prone sequence upstream or downstream of the P53 RE leads to significant changes in the relative activity of P53 family proteins, emphasizing the potential role of structural DNA features as modifiers of P53 family functions at target promoter sites.
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