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Brunetti L. Pharmacological Studies on Neuromodulatory Effects of Plant Extracts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10653. [PMID: 37445829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders represent a public health priority and demand significant scientific efforts for the development and study of new drugs and their possible beneficial effects [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy
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Yeh CH, Shen ZQ, Lin CC, Lu CK, Tsai TF. Rejuvenation: Turning Back Time by Enhancing CISD2. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36430496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging human population with age-associated diseases has become a problem worldwide. By 2050, the global population of those who are aged 65 years and older will have tripled. In this context, delaying age-associated diseases and increasing the healthy lifespan of the aged population has become an important issue for geriatric medicine. CDGSH iron-sulfur domain 2 (CISD2), the causative gene for Wolfram syndrome 2 (WFS2; MIM 604928), plays a pivotal role in mediating lifespan and healthspan by maintaining mitochondrial function, endoplasmic reticulum integrity, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, and redox status. Here, we summarize the most up-to-date publications on CISD2 and discuss the crucial role that this gene plays in aging and age-associated diseases. This review mainly focuses on the following topics: (1) CISD2 is one of the few pro-longevity genes identified in mammals. Genetic evidence from loss-of-function (knockout mice) and gain-of-function (transgenic mice) studies have demonstrated that CISD2 is essential to lifespan control. (2) CISD2 alleviates age-associated disorders. A higher level of CISD2 during natural aging, when achieved by transgenic overexpression, improves Alzheimer's disease, ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis, and maintains corneal epithelial homeostasis. (3) CISD2, the expression of which otherwise decreases during natural aging, can be pharmaceutically activated at a late-life stage of aged mice. As a proof-of-concept, we have provided evidence that hesperetin is a promising CISD2 activator that is able to enhance CISD2 expression, thus slowing down aging and promoting longevity. (4) The anti-aging effect of hesperetin is mainly dependent on CISD2 because transcriptomic analysis of the skeletal muscle reveals that most of the differentially expressed genes linked to hesperetin are regulated by hesperetin in a CISD2-dependent manner. Furthermore, three major metabolic pathways that are affected by hesperetin have been identified in skeletal muscle, namely lipid metabolism, protein homeostasis, and nitrogen and amino acid metabolism. This review highlights the urgent need for CISD2-based pharmaceutical development to be used as a potential therapeutic strategy for aging and age-associated diseases.
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Zhen D, Na RS, Wang Y, Bai X, Fu DN, Wei CX, Liu MJ, Yu LJ. Cardioprotective effect of ethanol extracts of Sugemule-3 decoction on isoproterenol-induced heart failure in Wistar rats through regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 292:114669. [PMID: 34600079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sugemule-3 decoction (SD-3) is a commonly used prescription in Mongolian medicine which composed of the herbs Baidoukou (the fruit of Amomum compactum Sol. ex Maton), Baijusheng (the fruit of Lactuca sativa L.) and Biba (Piper longum L.). SD-3 has remarkable effect on the cardiovascular diseases, but its pharmacological mechanism has not been elucidated. AIM OF THIS STUDY To evaluate the cardioprotective effects and the potential mechanisms of the ethanol extracts of SD-3 against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced heart failure (HF) in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS The ethanol extracts of SD-3 were prepared and analyzed by LC-ESI-MS/MS. One hundred male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, ISO (HF) and different doses of SD-3 (0.4, 0.2, 0.1 g/kg/d) groups. HF model rats were established by intraperitoneal injecting of ISO. The left ventricular function was evaluated by echocardiography. Myocardial injury and fibrosis were examined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining. Western-blot analysis was performed to determine the protein expression of apoptosis and mitochondrial dynamics in all the groups. Moreover, the structural changes in the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes were also observed by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Fifteen compounds were detected in the ethanol extracts of SD-3, include piperine, piperanine, etc. Rats administered with ISO showed a significant decline in the left ventricular function. The cardiac histopathological changes such as local necrosis, interstitial edema, and cardiac fibrosis were also observed in the ISO group. The treatment with SD-3 significantly inhibited these effects of ISO. ISO was found to increase the protein expression of Bax, cleaved-PARP and cleaved-caspase-3, -7 -9, destroy the balance between mitochondrial fusion and fission, and alter the mitochondrial morphology. The ethanol extracts of SD-3 could rebalance mitochondrial fusion and fission, and ameliorates the morphological abnormalities induced by ISO in mitochondria. CONCLUSION The current study demonstrated that ethanol extracts of SD-3 improved isoprenaline-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis through inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis and regulating the mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Ri-Song Na
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Xue Bai
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Dan-Ni Fu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Cheng-Xi Wei
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Ming-Jie Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Li-Jun Yu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China.
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Lin MS, Chiu IH, Lin CC. Ultrarapid Inflammation of the Olfactory Bulb After Spinal Cord Injury: Protective Effects of the Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor on Early Neurodegeneration in the Brain. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:701702. [PMID: 34248610 PMCID: PMC8267925 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.701702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The correlation among olfactory dysfunction, spinal cord injury (SCI), subjective cognitive decline, and neurodegenerative dementia has been established. Impaired olfaction is considered a marker for neurodegeneration. Hence, there is a need to examine if SCI leads to olfactory dysfunction. In this study, the brain tissue of mice with spinal cord hemisection injury was subjected to microarray analysis. The mRNA expression levels of olfactory receptors in the brain began to decline at 8 h post-SCI. SCI promoted neuroinflammation, downregulated the expression of olfactory receptors, decreased the number of neural stem cells (NSCs), and inhibited the production of neurotrophic factors in the olfactory bulbs at 8 h post-SCI. In particular, the SCI group had upregulated mRNA and protein expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; a marker of astrocyte reactivation) and pro-inflammatory mediators [IL-1β, IL-6, and Nestin (marker of NSCs)] in the olfactory bulb compared to levels in the sham control group. The mRNA expression levels of olfactory receptors (Olfr1494, Olfr1324, Olfr1241, and Olfr979) and neurotrophic factors [brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and nerve growth factor (NGF)] were downregulated in the olfactory bulb of the SCI group mice at 8 h post-SCI. The administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mitigated these SCI-induced pathological changes in the olfactory bulb at 8 h post-SCI. These results indicate that the olfactory bulb is vulnerable to environmental damage even if the lesion is located at sites distant from the brain, such as the spinal cord. Additionally, SCI initiated pathological processes, including inflammatory response, and impaired neurogenesis, at an early stage. The findings of this study will provide a basis for future studies on pathological mechanisms of early neurodegenerative diseases involving the olfactory bulb and enable early clinical drug intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muh-Shi Lin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, College of Bioresources, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Care, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health Business Administration, College of Medical and Health Care, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsiang Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, College of Bioresources, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Chai-Ching Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, College of Bioresources, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan
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