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Yadav D, Conner JA, Wang Y, Saunders TL, Ubogu EE. A novel inducible von Willebrand Factor Cre recombinase mouse strain to study microvascular endothelial cell-specific biological processes in vivo. Vascul Pharmacol 2024; 155:107369. [PMID: 38554988 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2024.107369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Mouse models are invaluable to understanding fundamental mechanisms in vascular biology during development, in health and different disease states. Several constitutive or inducible models that selectively knockout or knock in genes in vascular endothelial cells exist; however, functional and phenotypic differences exist between microvascular and macrovascular endothelial cells in different organs. In order to study microvascular endothelial cell-specific biological processes, we developed a Tamoxifen-inducible von Willebrand Factor (vWF) Cre recombinase mouse in the SJL background. The transgene consists of the human vWF promoter with the microvascular endothelial cell-selective 734 base pair sequence to drive Cre recombinase fused to a mutant estrogen ligand-binding domain [ERT2] that requires Tamoxifen for activity (CreERT2) followed by a polyadenylation (polyA) signal. We initially observed Tamoxifen-inducible restricted bone marrow megakaryocyte and sciatic nerve microvascular endothelial cell Cre recombinase expression in offspring of a mixed strain hemizygous C57BL/6-SJL founder mouse bred with mT/mG mice, with >90% bone marrow megakaryocyte expression efficiency. Founder mouse offspring were backcrossed to the SJL background by speed congenics, and intercrossed for >10 generations to develop hemizygous Tamoxifen-inducible vWF Cre recombinase (vWF-iCre/+) SJL mice with stable transgene insertion in chromosome 1. Microvascular endothelial cell-specific Cre recombinase expression occurred in the sciatic nerves, brains, spleens, kidneys and gastrocnemius muscles of adult vWF-iCre/+ SJL mice bred with Ai14 mice, with retained low level bone marrow and splenic megakaryocyte expression. This novel mouse strain would support hypothesis-driven mechanistic studies to decipher the role(s) of specific genes transcribed by microvascular endothelial cells during development, as well as in physiologic and pathophysiologic states in an organ- and time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Yadav
- Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jeremy A Conner
- Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yimin Wang
- Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Thomas L Saunders
- Transgenic Animal Model Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eroboghene E Ubogu
- Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Lindstedt S, Wang Q, Niroomand A, Stenlo M, Hyllen S, Pierre L, Olm F, Bechet NB. High resolution fluorescence imaging of the alveolar scaffold as a novel tool to assess lung injury. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6662. [PMID: 38509285 PMCID: PMC10954697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) represents an aetiologically diverse form of pulmonary damage. Part of the assessment and diagnosis of ALI depends on skilled observer-based scoring of brightfield microscopy tissue sections. Although this readout is sufficient to determine gross alterations in tissue structure, its categorical scores lack the sensitivity to describe more subtle changes in lung morphology. To generate a more sensitive readout of alveolar perturbation we carried out high resolution immunofluorescence imaging on 200 μm lung vibratome sections from baseline and acutely injured porcine lung tissue, stained with a tomato lectin, Lycopersicon Esculentum Dylight-488. With the ability to resolve individual alveoli along with their inner and outer wall we generated continuous readouts of alveolar wall thickness and circularity. From 212 alveoli traced from 10 baseline lung samples we established normal distributions for alveolar wall thickness (27.37; 95% CI [26.48:28.26]) and circularity (0.8609; 95% CI [0.8482:0.8667]) in healthy tissue. Compared to acutely injured lung tissue baseline tissue exhibited a significantly lower wall thickness (26.86 ± 0.4998 vs 50.55 ± 4.468; p = 0.0003) and higher degree of circularityϕ≤ (0.8783 ± 0.01965 vs 0.4133 ± 0.04366; p < 0.0001). These two components were subsequently combined into a single more sensitive variable, termed the morphological quotient (MQ), which exhibited a significant negative correlation (R2 = 0.9919, p < 0.0001) with the gold standard of observer-based scoring. Through the utilisation of advanced light imaging we show it is possible to generate sensitive continuous datasets describing fundamental morphological changes that arise in acute lung injury. These data represent valuable new analytical tools that can be used to precisely benchmark changes in alveolar morphology both in disease/injury as well as in response to treatment/therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lindstedt
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Lund Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Qi Wang
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Niroomand
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Stenlo
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Snejana Hyllen
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Leif Pierre
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Franziska Olm
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nicholas B Bechet
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Lund Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Moëlo C, Quillévéré A, Le Roy L, Timsit S. (S)-roscovitine, a CDK inhibitor, decreases cerebral edema and modulates AQP4 and α1-syntrophin interaction on a pre-clinical model of acute ischemic stroke. Glia 2024; 72:322-337. [PMID: 37828900 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral edema is one of the deadliest complications of ischemic stroke for which there is currently no pharmaceutical treatment. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4), a water-channel polarized at the astrocyte endfoot, is known to be highly implicated in cerebral edema. We previously showed in randomized studies that (S)-roscovitine, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, reduced cerebral edema 48 h after induction of focal transient ischemia, but its mechanisms of action were unclear. In our recent blind randomized study, we confirmed that (S)-roscovitine was able to reduce cerebral edema by 65% at 24 h post-stroke (t test, p = .006). Immunofluorescence analysis of AQP4 distribution in astrocytes revealed that (S)-roscovitine decreased the non-perivascular pool of AQP4 by 53% and drastically increased AQP4 clusters in astrocyte perivascular end-feet (671%, t test p = .005) compared to vehicle. Non-perivascular and clustered AQP4 compartments were negatively correlated (R = -0.78; p < .0001), suggesting a communicating vessels effect between the two compartments. α1-syntrophin, AQP4 anchoring protein, was colocalized with AQP4 in astrocyte endfeet, and this colocalization was maintained in ischemic area as observed on confocal microscopy. Moreover, (S)-roscovitine increased AQP4/α1-syntrophin interaction (40%, MW p = .0083) as quantified by proximity ligation assay. The quantified interaction was negatively correlated with brain edema in both treated and placebo groups (R = -.57; p = .0074). We showed for the first time, that a kinase inhibitor modulated AQP4/α1-syntrophin interaction, and was implicated in the reduction of cerebral edema. These findings suggest that (S)-roscovitine may hold promise as a potential treatment for cerebral edema in ischemic stroke and as modulator of AQP4 function in other neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cloé Moëlo
- EFS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Inserm UMR 1078, GGB, Brest, France
| | - Alicia Quillévéré
- EFS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Inserm UMR 1078, GGB, Brest, France
| | - Lucas Le Roy
- EFS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Inserm UMR 1078, GGB, Brest, France
| | - Serge Timsit
- EFS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Inserm UMR 1078, GGB, Brest, France
- Neurology and Stroke Unit Department, CHRU de Brest, Inserm1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
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Jujic A, Vieira JPP, Matuskova H, Nilsson PM, Lindblad U, Olsen MH, Duarte JMN, Meissner A, Magnusson M. Plasma Galectin-4 Levels Are Increased after Stroke in Mice and Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10064. [PMID: 37373212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have associated plasma galectin-4 (Gal-4) levels with prevalent and incident diabetes, and with an increased risk of coronary artery disease. To date, data regarding possible associations between plasma Gal-4 and stroke are lacking. Using linear and logistic regression analyses, we tested Gal-4 association with prevalent stroke in a population-based cohort. Additionally, in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), we investigated whether plasma Gal-4 increases in response to ischemic stroke. Plasma Gal-4 was higher in subjects with prevalent ischemic stroke, and was associated with prevalent ischemic stroke (odds ratio 1.52; 95% confidence interval 1.01-2.30; p = 0.048) adjusted for age, sex, and covariates of cardiometabolic health. Plasma Gal-4 increased after experimental stroke in both controls and HFD-fed mice. HFD exposure was devoid of impact on Gal-4 levels. This study demonstrates higher plasma Gal-4 levels in both experimental stroke and in humans that experienced ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amra Jujic
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, 21428 Malmö, Sweden
| | - João P P Vieira
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hana Matuskova
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter M Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ulf Lindblad
- General Practice-Family Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael H Olsen
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Holbaek Hospital, 4300 Holbaek, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - João M N Duarte
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anja Meissner
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Theoretical Medicine, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Martin Magnusson
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, 21428 Malmö, Sweden
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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Wang L, Yuan PQ, Taché Y. Vasculature in the mouse colon and spatial relationships with the enteric nervous system, glia, and immune cells. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1130169. [PMID: 37332321 PMCID: PMC10272736 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1130169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The distribution, morphology, and innervation of vasculature in different mouse colonic segments and layers, as well as spatial relationships of the vasculature with the enteric plexuses, glia, and macrophages are far from being complete. The vessels in the adult mouse colon were stained by the cardiovascular perfusion of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-Alexa Fluor 448 and by CD31 immunoreactivity. Nerve fibers, enteric glia, and macrophages were immunostained in the WGA-perfused colon. The blood vessels entered from the mesentery to the submucosa and branched into the capillary networks in the mucosa and muscularis externa. The capillary net formed anastomosed rings at the orifices of mucosa crypts, and the capillary rings surrounded the crypts individually in the proximal colon and more than two crypts in the distal colon. Microvessels in the muscularis externa with myenteric plexus were less dense than in the mucosa and formed loops. In the circular smooth muscle layer, microvessels were distributed in the proximal, but not the distal colon. Capillaries did not enter the enteric ganglia. There were no significant differences in microvascular volume per tissue volume between the proximal and distal colon either in the mucosa or muscularis externa containing the myenteric plexus. PGP9.5-, tyrosine hydroxylase-, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive nerve fibers were distributed along the vessels in the submucosa. In the mucosa, PGP9.5-, CGRP-, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-immunoreactive nerves terminated close to the capillary rings, while cells and processes labeled by S100B and glial fibrillary acidic protein were distributed mainly in the lamina propria and lower portion of the mucosa. Dense Iba1 immunoreactive macrophages were closely adjacent to the mucosal capillary rings. There were a few macrophages, but no glia in apposition to microvessels in the submucosa and muscularis externa. In conclusion, in the mouse colon, (1) the differences in vasculature between the proximal and distal colon were associated with the morphology, but not the microvascular amount per tissue volume in the mucosa and muscle layers; (2) the colonic mucosa contained significantly more microvessels than the muscularis externa; and (3) there were more CGRP and VIP nerve fibers found close to microvessels in the mucosa and submucosa than in the muscle layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Wang
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Pu-Qing Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yvette Taché
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Zhang Y, Zhang C, He XZ, Li ZH, Meng JC, Mao RT, Li X, Xue R, Gui Q, Zhang GX, Wang LH. Interaction Between the Glymphatic System and α-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2209-2222. [PMID: 36637746 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The glymphatic system contributes to the clearance of amyloid-β from the brain and is disrupted in Alzheimer's disease. However, whether the system is involved in the removal of α-synuclein (α-syn) and whether it is suppressed in Parkinson's disease (PD) remain largely unknown. In mice receiving the intranigral injection of recombinant human α-syn, we found that the glymphatic suppression via aquaporin-4 (AQP4) gene deletion or acetazolamide treatment reduced the clearance of injected α-syn from the brain. In mice overexpressing the human A53T-α-syn, we revealed that AQP4 deficiency accelerated the accumulation of α-syn, facilitated the loss of dopaminergic neurons, and accelerated PD-like symptoms. We also found that the overexpression of A53T-α-syn reduced the expression/polarization of AQP4 and suppressed the glymphatic activity of mice. The study demonstrates a close interaction between the AQP4-mediated glymphatic system and parenchymal α-syn, indicating that restoring the glymphatic activity is a potential therapeutic target to delay PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Zhong He
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Hua Li
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Cai Meng
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Ting Mao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Xue
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Gui
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, 26 Dao-Qian Street, Suzhou, 215002, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Xing Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Hui Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
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Lochhead JJ, Williams EI, Reddell ES, Dorn E, Ronaldson PT, Davis TP. High Resolution Multiplex Confocal Imaging of the Neurovascular Unit in Health and Experimental Ischemic Stroke. Cells 2023; 12:645. [PMID: 36831312 PMCID: PMC9954836 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is an anatomical group of cells that establishes the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and coordinates cerebral blood flow in association with neuronal function. In cerebral gray matter, cellular constituents of the NVU include endothelial cells and associated pericytes, astrocytes, neurons, and microglia. Dysfunction of the NVU is a common feature of diseases that affect the CNS, such as ischemic stroke. High-level evaluation of these NVU changes requires the use of imaging modalities that can enable the visualization of various cell types under disease conditions. In this study, we applied our confocal microscopy strategy using commercially available labeling reagents to, for the first time, simultaneously investigate associations between endothelial cells, the vascular basal lamina, pericytes, microglia, astrocytes and/or astrocyte end-feet, and neurites in both healthy and ischemic brain tissue. This allowed us to demonstrate ischemia-induced astrocyte activation, neurite loss, and microglial migration toward blood vessels in a single confocal image. Furthermore, our labeling cocktail enabled a precise quantification of changes in neurites and astrocyte reactivity, thereby showing the relationship between different NVU cellular constituents in healthy and diseased brain tissue. The application of our imaging approach for the simultaneous visualization of multiple NVU cell types provides an enhanced understanding of NVU function and pathology, a state-of-the-art advancement that will facilitate the development of more effective treatment strategies for diseases of the CNS that exhibit neurovascular dysfunction, such as ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J. Lochhead
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Erica I. Williams
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Elizabeth S. Reddell
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Emma Dorn
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Patrick T. Ronaldson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Urata S, Okabe S. Three-dimensional mouse cochlea imaging based on the modified Sca/eS using confocal microscopy. Anat Sci Int 2023:10.1007/s12565-023-00703-z. [PMID: 36773194 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-023-00703-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The three-dimensional stria vascularis (SV) and cochlear blood vessel structure is essential for inner ear function. Here, modified Sca/eS, a sorbitol-based optical-clearing method, was reported to visualize SV and vascular structure in the intact mouse cochlea. Cochlear macrophages as well as perivascular-resident macrophage-like melanocytes were detected as GFP-positive cells of the CX3CR1+/GFP mice. This study's method was effective in elucidating inner ear function under both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Urata
- Department of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Shigeo Okabe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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He XZ, Li X, Li ZH, Meng JC, Mao RT, Zhang XK, Zhang RT, Huang HL, Gui Q, Xu GY, Wang LH. High-resolution 3D demonstration of regional heterogeneity in the glymphatic system. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:2017-2031. [PMID: 35786032 PMCID: PMC9580176 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221109997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the glymphatic system has a critical role in maintaining brain homeostasis. However, the detailed anatomy of the glymphatic pathway is not well understood, mostly due to a lack of high spatial resolution 3D visualization. In this study, a fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography (fMOST) was used to characterize the glymphatic architecture in the mouse brain. At 30 and 120 min after intracisternal infusion with fluorescent dextran (Dex-3), lectin was injected to stain the cerebral vasculature. Using fMOST, a high-resolution 3D dataset of the brain-wide distribution of Dex-3 was acquired. Combined with fluorescence microscopy and microplate array, the heterogeneous glymphatic flow and the preferential irrigated regions were identified. These cerebral regions containing large-caliber penetrating arteries and/or adjacent to the subarachnoid space had more robust CSF flow compared to other regions. Moreover, the major glymphatic vessels for CSF influx and fluid efflux in the entire brain were shown in 3D. This study demonstrates the regional heterogeneity in the glymphatic system and provides an anatomical resource for further investigation of the glymphatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Zhong He
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Zhen-Hua Li
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Jing-Cai Meng
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Rui-Ting Mao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Xue-Ke Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Rong-Ting Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Huai-Liang Huang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Qian Gui
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Guang-Yin Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Lin-Hui Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
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10
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Huo F, Zhang Y, Li Y, Bu H, Zhang Y, Li W, Guo Y, Wang L, Jia R, Huang T, Zhang W, Li P, Ding L, Yan C. Mannose-targeting Concanavalin A-Epirubicin Conjugate for Targeted Intravesical Chemotherapy of Bladder Cancer. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200342. [PMID: 35713953 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Intravesical instillation of chemotherapeutic drugs such as epirubicin (EPI) is routinely used to prevent tumor recurrence and progression after transurethral resection of bladder tumor. However, the lack of tumor selectivity often causes severe damage to normal bladder urothelium leading to intolerable side effects. Here, we analyzed abnormal changes in glycosylation in bladder cancer and identified mannose as the most aberrantly expressed glycan on the surface of bladder cancer cell lines and human bladder tumor tissues. We then constructed a lectin-drug conjugate by linking concanavalin A (ConA) - a lectin that specifically binds to mannose, with EPI through a pH-sensitive linker. This ConA-EPI conjugate conferred EPI with mannose-targeting ability and selectively internalized cancer cells in vitro. This conjugate showed selective cytotoxicity to cancer cells in vitro and better antitumor activity in an orthotopic mouse model of bladder cancer. Our lectin-drug conjugation strategy makes targeted intravesical chemotherapy of bladder cancer possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yiran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Huagang Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yaliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yuna Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ru Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Tengfei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Pengchao Li
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital), Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.,Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China.,Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Protein and Peptide Medicine, Ministry of Education, P. R. China
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Ramos-Vega M, Kjellman P, Todorov MI, Kylkilahti TM, Bäckström BT, Ertürk A, Madsen CD, Lundgaard I. Mapping of neuroinflammation-induced hypoxia in the spinal cord using optoacoustic imaging. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:51. [PMID: 35410629 PMCID: PMC8996517 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that metabolic changes and oxygen deficiency in the central nervous system play an important role in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). In our present study, we investigated the changes in oxygenation and analyzed the vascular perfusion of the spinal cord in a rodent model of MS. We performed multispectral optoacoustic tomography of the lumbar spinal cord before and after an oxygen enhancement challenge in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for MS. In addition, mice were transcardially perfused with lectin to label the vasculature and their spinal columns were optically cleared, followed by light sheet fluorescence microscopy. To analyze the angioarchitecture of the intact spine, we used VesSAP, a novel deep learning-based framework. In EAE mice, the spinal cord had lower oxygen saturation and hemoglobin concentration compared to healthy mice, indicating compromised perfusion of the spinal cord. Oxygen administration reversed hypoxia in the spinal cord of EAE mice, although the ventral region remained hypoxic. Additionally, despite the increased vascular density, we report a reduction in length and complexity of the perfused vascular network in EAE. Taken together, these findings highlight a new aspect of neuroinflammatory pathology, revealing a significant degree of hypoxia in EAE in vivo that is accompanied by changes in spinal vascular perfusion. The study also introduces optoacoustic imaging as a tractable technique with the potential to further decipher the role of hypoxia in EAE and to monitor it in MS patients.
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