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Kister I, Curtin R, Piquet AL, Borko T, Pei J, Banbury BL, Bacon TE, Kim A, Tuen M, Velmurugu Y, Nyovanie S, Selva S, Samanovic MI, Mulligan MJ, Patskovsky Y, Priest J, Cabatingan M, Winger RC, Krogsgaard M, Silverman GJ. Longitudinal study of immunity to SARS-CoV2 in ocrelizumab-treated MS patients up to 2 years after COVID-19 vaccination. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024. [PMID: 38713096 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.52081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To plot the trajectory of humoral and cellular immune responses to the primary (two-dose) COVID-19 mRNA series and the third/booster dose in B-cell-depleted multiple sclerosis (MS) patients up to 2 years post-vaccination; (2) to identify predictors of immune responses to vaccination; and (3) to assess the impact of intercurrent COVID-19 infections on SARS CoV-2-specific immunity. METHODS Sixty ocrelizumab-treated MS patients were enrolled from NYU (New York) and University of Colorado (Anschutz) MS Centers. Samples were collected pre-vaccination, and then 4, 12, 24, and 48 weeks post-primary series, and 4, 12, 24, and 48 weeks post-booster. Binding anti-Spike antibody responses were assessed with multiplex bead-based immunoassay (MBI) and electrochemiluminescence (Elecsys®, Roche Diagnostics), and neutralizing antibody responses with live-virus immunofluorescence-based microneutralization assay. Spike-specific cellular responses were assessed with IFNγ/IL-2 ELISpot (Invitrogen) and, in a subset, by sequencing complementarity determining regions (CDR)-3 within T-cell receptors (Adaptive Biotechnologies). A linear mixed-effect model was used to compare antibody and cytokine levels across time points. Multivariate analyses identified predictors of immune responses. RESULTS The primary vaccination induced an 11- to 208-fold increase in binding and neutralizing antibody levels and a 3- to 4-fold increase in IFNγ/IL-2 responses, followed by a modest decline in antibody but not cytokine responses. Booster dose induced a further 3- to 5-fold increase in binding antibodies and 4- to 5-fold increase in IFNγ/IL-2, which were maintained for up to 1 year. Infections had a variable impact on immunity. INTERPRETATION Humoral and cellular benefits of COVID-19 vaccination in B-cell-depleted MS patients were sustained for up to 2 years when booster doses were administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Kister
- NYU Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center, Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ryan Curtin
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amanda L Piquet
- Rocky Mountain MS Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tyler Borko
- Rocky Mountain MS Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jinglan Pei
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Tamar E Bacon
- NYU Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center, Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Angie Kim
- NYU Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center, Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Tuen
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yogambigai Velmurugu
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Samantha Nyovanie
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sean Selva
- Rocky Mountain MS Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Marie I Samanovic
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mark J Mulligan
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yury Patskovsky
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Ryan C Winger
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michelle Krogsgaard
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gregg J Silverman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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