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Xing F, Xu J, Zhou Y, Yu P, Zhe M, Xiang Z, Duan X, Ritz U. Recent advances in metal-organic frameworks for stimuli-responsive drug delivery. Nanoscale 2024; 16:4434-4483. [PMID: 38305732 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05776c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
After entering the human body, drugs for treating diseases, which are prone to delivery and release in an uncontrolled manner, are affected by various factors. Based on this, many researchers utilize various microenvironmental changes encountered during drug delivery to trigger drug release and have proposed stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems. In recent years, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have become promising stimuli-responsive agents to release the loaded therapeutic agents at the target site to achieve more precise drug delivery due to their high drug loading, excellent biocompatibility, and high stimuli-responsiveness. The MOF-based stimuli-responsive systems can respond to various stimuli under pathological conditions at the site of the lesion, releasing the loaded therapeutic agent in a controlled manner, and improving the accuracy and safety of drug delivery. Due to the changes in different physical and chemical factors in the pathological process of diseases, the construction of stimuli-responsive systems based on MOFs has become a new direction in drug delivery and controlled release. Based on the background of the rapidly increasing attention to MOFs applied in drug delivery, we aim to review various MOF-based stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems and their response mechanisms to various stimuli. In addition, the current challenges and future perspectives of MOF-based stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yuxi Zhou
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Germany
| | - Peiyun Yu
- LIMES Institute, Department of Molecular Brain Physiology and Behavior, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Man Zhe
- Animal Experiment Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhou Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xin Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Ulrike Ritz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Biomatics Group, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Viana AM, Leonardes F, Corvo MC, Balula SS, Cunha-Silva L. Effective Combination of the Metal Centers in MOF-Based Materials toward Sustainable Oxidation Catalysts. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:3133. [PMID: 37109968 PMCID: PMC10145539 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A successful encapsulation of Keggin-type polyoxomolybdate (H3[PMo12O40], PMo12) into metal-organic framework (MOF) materials with an identical framework but distinct metal centers (ZIF-8 with Zn2+ and ZIF-67 with Co2+) was accomplished by a straightforward room-temperature procedure. The presence of Zn2+ in the composite material PMo12@ZIF-8 instead of Co2+ in PMo12@ZIF-67 caused a remarkable increase in the catalytic activity that achieved a total oxidative desulfurization of a multicomponent model diesel under moderate and friendly conditions (oxidant: H2O2 and solvent: ionic liquid, IL). Interestingly, the parent ZIF-8-based composite with the Keggin-type polyoxotungstate (H3[PW12O40], PW12), PW12@ZIF-8, did not show the relevant catalytic activity. The ZIF-type supports present an appropriate framework to accommodate active polyoxometalates (POMs) into their cavities without leaching, but the nature of the metallic center from the POM and the metal present in the ZIF framework were vital for the catalytic performance of the composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre M. Viana
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.V.); (F.L.)
| | - Francisca Leonardes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.V.); (F.L.)
| | - Marta C. Corvo
- CENIMAT/I3N, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Salete S. Balula
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.V.); (F.L.)
| | - Luís Cunha-Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.V.); (F.L.)
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Abdelrahman A, Salem HM, Mohammed HA, Rabie AM. Facial synthesis of mesoporous {Mo132}/BiOCl for the efficient oxidative desulfurization of fuel. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022; 141:109568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Barghi B, Jürisoo M, Volokhova M, Seinberg L, Reile I, Mikli V, Niidu A. Process Optimization for Catalytic Oxidation of Dibenzothiophene over UiO-66-NH 2 by Using a Response Surface Methodology. ACS Omega 2022; 7:16288-16297. [PMID: 35601300 PMCID: PMC9118427 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This research investigates the catalytic performance of a metal-organic framework (MOF) with a functionalized ligand-UiO-66-NH2-in the oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) in n-dodecane as a model fuel mixture (MFM). The solvothermally prepared catalyst was characterized by XRD, FTIR, 1H NMR, SEM, TGA, and MP-AES analyses. A response surface methodology was employed for the experiment design and variable optimization using central composite design (CCD). The effects of reaction conditions on DBT removal efficiency, including temperature (X 1), oxidant agent over sulfur (O/S) mass ratio (X 2), and catalyst over sulfur (C/S) mass ratio (X 3), were assessed. Optimal process conditions for sulfur removal were obtained when the temperature, O/S mass ratio, and C/S mass ratio were 72.6 °C, 1.62 mg/mg, and 12.1 mg/mg, respectively. Under these conditions, 89.7% of DBT was removed from the reaction mixture with a composite desirability score of 0.938. From the results, the temperature has the most significant effect on the oxidative desulfurization reaction. The model F values gave evidence that the quadratic model was well-fitted. The reusability of the MOF catalyst in the ODS reaction was tested and demonstrated a gradual loss of activity over four runs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijan Barghi
- Virumaa
College, School of Engineering, Tallinn
University of Technology, Järveküla 75, 30322 Kohtla-Järve, Estonia
| | - Martin Jürisoo
- Virumaa
College, School of Engineering, Tallinn
University of Technology, Järveküla 75, 30322 Kohtla-Järve, Estonia
| | - Maria Volokhova
- National
Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Liis Seinberg
- National
Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Indrek Reile
- National
Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Valdek Mikli
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Technology, School of Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Allan Niidu
- Virumaa
College, School of Engineering, Tallinn
University of Technology, Järveküla 75, 30322 Kohtla-Järve, Estonia
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Abstract
Catalytic oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of fuel oils is considered one of the most promising non-hydrodesulfurization technologies due to the advantages of mild reaction conditions, low cost and easy removal of aromatic sulfur compounds. Based on this reason, the preparation of highly efficient ODS catalysts has been a hot research topic in this field. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted extensive attention due to the advantages involving abundant metal centers, high surface area, rich porosity and varied pore structures. For this, the synthesis and catalytic performance of the ODS catalysts based on MOFs materials have been widely studied. Until now, many research achievements have been obtained along this direction. In this article, we will review the advances in oxidative desulfurization of fuel oils over MOFs-based heterogeneous catalysts. The catalytic ODS performance over various types of catalysts is compared and discussed. The perspectives for future work are proposed in this field.
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Maksimchuk NV, Evtushok VY, Zalomaeva OV, Maksimov GM, Ivanchikova ID, Chesalov YA, Eltsov IV, Abramov PA, Glazneva TS, Yanshole VV, Kholdeeva OA, Errington RJ, Solé-Daura A, Poblet JM, Carbó JJ. Activation of H 2O 2 over Zr(IV). Insights from Model Studies on Zr-Monosubstituted Lindqvist Tungstates. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasilii Yu. Evtushok
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Pr. Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Olga V. Zalomaeva
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Pr. Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | | | | | - Yuriy A. Chesalov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Pr. Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ilia V. Eltsov
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Pavel A. Abramov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Pr. Lavrentieva 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Tatyana S. Glazneva
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Pr. Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Vadim V. Yanshole
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya Street 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Oxana A. Kholdeeva
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Pr. Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - R. John Errington
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Albert Solé-Daura
- Department de Química Física I Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43005, Spain
| | - Josep M. Poblet
- Department de Química Física I Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43005, Spain
| | - Jorge J. Carbó
- Department de Química Física I Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43005, Spain
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Lim XB, Ong WJ. A current overview of the oxidative desulfurization of fuels utilizing heat and solar light: from materials design to catalysis for clean energy. Nanoscale Horiz 2021; 6:588-633. [PMID: 34018529 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00127b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The ceaseless increase of pollution cases due to the tremendous consumption of fossil fuels has steered the world towards an environmental crisis and necessitated urgency to curtail noxious sulfur oxide emissions. Since the world is moving toward green chemistry, a fuel desulfurization process driven by clean technology is of paramount significance in the field of environmental remediation. Among the novel desulfurization techniques, the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process has been intensively studied and is highlighted as the rising star to effectuate sulfur-free fuels due to its mild reaction conditions and remarkable desulfurization performances in the past decade. This critical review emphasizes the latest advances in thermal catalytic ODS and photocatalytic ODS related to the design and synthesis routes of myriad materials. This encompasses the engineering of metal oxides, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, polyoxometalates, metal-organic frameworks, metal-free materials and their hybrids in the customization of advantageous properties in terms of morphology, topography, composition and electronic states. The essential connection between catalyst characteristics and performances in ODS will be critically discussed along with corresponding reaction mechanisms to provide thorough insight for shaping future research directions. The impacts of oxidant type, solvent type, temperature and other pivotal factors on the effectiveness of ODS are outlined. Finally, a summary of confronted challenges and future outlooks in the journey to ODS application is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Bin Lim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43900, Malaysia. and Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43900, Malaysia
| | - Wee-Jun Ong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43900, Malaysia. and Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT), Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43900, Malaysia and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Hulea V, Dumitriu E, Fajula F. Mild Oxidation of Organosulfur Compounds with H2O2 over Metal-Containing Microporous and Mesoporous Catalysts. Catalysts 2021; 11:867. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11070867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild catalytic oxidation of thioethers and thiophenes is an important reaction for the synthesis of molecules with pharmaceutical interest, as well as for the development of efficient processes able to remove sulfur-containing pollutants from fuels and wastewater. With respect to the green chemistry principles, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is the ideal oxidant and the Me-containing porous materials (Me = Ti, V, Mo, W, Zr) are among the best heterogeneous catalysts for these applications. The main classes of catalysts, including Me-microporous and mesoporous silicates, Me-layered double hydroxides, Me-metal–organic frameworks, are described in this review. The catalytic active species generated in the presence of H2O2, as well as the probable oxidation mechanisms, are also addressed. The reactivity of molecules in the sulfoxidation process and the role played by the solvents are explored.
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Mirante F, Mendes RF, Faria RG, Cunha-Silva L, Paz FAA, Balula SS. Membrane-Supported Layered Coordination Polymer as an Advanced Sustainable Catalyst for Desulfurization. Molecules 2021; 26:2404. [PMID: 33919057 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of a catalytic membrane in the oxidative desulfurization of a multicomponent model diesel formed by most refractory sulfur compounds present in fuel is reported here for the first time. The catalytic membrane was prepared by the impregnation of the active lamellar [Gd(H4nmp)(H2O)2]Cl·2H2O (UAV-59) coordination polymer (CP) into a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, acrylic glass) supporting membrane. The use of the catalytic membrane in the liquid–liquid system instead of a powder catalyst arises as an enormous advantage associated with the facility of catalyst handling while avoiding catalyst mass loss. The optimization of various parameters allowed to achieve a near complete desulfurization after 3 h under sustainable conditions, i.e., using an aqueous H2O2 as oxidant and an ionic liquid as extraction solvent ([BMIM]PF6, 1:0.5 ratio diesel:[BMIM]PF6). The performance of the catalytic membrane and of the powdered UAV-59 catalyst was comparable, with the advantage that the former could be recycled successfully for a higher number of desulfurization cycles without the need of washing and drying procedures between reaction cycles, turning the catalytic membrane process more cost-efficient and suitable for future industrial application.
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Queirós C, Sun C, Silva AMG, de Castro B, Cabanillas-Gonzalez J, Cunha-Silva L. Multidimensional Ln-Aminophthalate Photoluminescent Coordination Polymers. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:1786. [PMID: 33916632 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of straightforward reproducible methods for the preparation of new photoluminescent coordination polymers (CPs) is an important goal in luminescence and chemical sensing fields. Isophthalic acid derivatives have been reported for a wide range of applications, and in addition to their relatively low cost, have encouraged its use in the preparation of novel lanthanide-based coordination polymers (LnCPs). Considering that the photoluminescent properties of these CPs are highly dependent on the existence of water molecules in the crystal structure, our research efforts are now focused on the preparation of CP with the lowest water content possible, while considering a green chemistry approach. One- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) LnCPs were prepared from 5-aminoisophthalic acid and Sm3+/Tb3+ using hydrothermal and/or microwave-assisted synthesis. The unprecedented LnCPs were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCRXD), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their photoluminescence (PL) properties were studied in the solid state, at room temperature, using the CPs as powders and encapsulated in poly(methyl methacrylate (PMMA) films, envisaging the potential preparation of devices for sensing. The materials revealed interesting PL properties that depend on the dimensionality, metal ion, co-ligand used and water content.
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Gao Y, Julião D, Silva DF, de Castro B, Zhao J, Balula SS. A simple desulfurization process to achieve high efficiency, sustainability and cost-effectivity via peroxotungstate catalyst. Molecular Catalysis 2021; 505:111515. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
In recent years, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have received increasing attention as selective oxidation catalysts and supports for their construction. In this short review paper, we survey recent findings concerning use of MOFs in heterogeneous liquid-phase selective oxidation catalysis with the green oxidant–aqueous hydrogen peroxide. MOFs having outstanding thermal and chemical stability, such as Cr(III)-based MIL-101, Ti(IV)-based MIL-125, Zr(IV)-based UiO-66(67), Zn(II)-based ZIF-8, and some others, will be in the main focus of this work. The effects of the metal nature and MOF structure on catalytic activity and oxidation selectivity are analyzed and the mechanisms of hydrogen peroxide activation are discussed. In some cases, we also make an attempt to analyze relationships between liquid-phase adsorption properties of MOFs and peculiarities of their catalytic performance. Attempts of using MOFs as supports for construction of single-site catalysts through their modification with heterometals will be also addressed in relation to the use of such catalysts for activation of H2O2. Special attention is given to the critical issues of catalyst stability and reusability. The scope and limitations of MOF catalysts in H2O2-based selective oxidation are discussed.
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Viana AM, Julião D, Mirante F, Faria RG, de Castro B, Balula SS, Cunha-Silva L. Straightforward activation of metal-organic framework UiO-66 for oxidative desulfurization processes. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- C. G. Piscopo
- Energetic Materials Department Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology ICT Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Str. 7 D-76327 Pfinztal Germany
| | - C. M. Granadeiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE Departamento de Química e Bioquímica Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP) Rua do Campo alegre, s/n 4169-007 Porto Portugal
| | - S. S. Balula
- LAQV-REQUIMTE Departamento de Química e Bioquímica Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP) Rua do Campo alegre, s/n 4169-007 Porto Portugal
| | - D. Bošković
- Energetic Materials Department Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology ICT Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Str. 7 D-76327 Pfinztal Germany
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Stawowy M, Ciesielski R, Maniecki T, Matus K, Łużny R, Trawczynski J, Silvestre-albero J, Łamacz A. CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol over Ce and Zr Containing UiO-66 and Cu/UiO-66. Catalysts 2020; 10:39. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol is an interesting method to recycle CO2 emitted e.g., during combustion of fossil fuels. However, it is a challenging process because both the selectivity to methanol and its production are low. The metal-organic frameworks are relatively new class of materials with a potential to be used as catalysts or catalysts supports, also in the reaction of MeOH production. Among many interesting structures, the UiO-66 draws significant attention owing to its chemical and thermal stability, developed surface area, and the possibility of tuning its properties e.g., by exchanging the zirconium in the nodes to other metal cations. In this work we discuss—for the first time—the performance of Cu supported on UiO-66(Ce/Zr) in CO2 hydrogenation to MeOH. We show the impact of the composition of UiO-66-based catalysts, and the character of Cu-Zr and Cu-Ce interactions on MeOH production and MeOH selectivity during test carried out for 25 h at T = 200 °C and p = 1.8 MPa. Significant increase of selectivity to MeOH was noticed after exchanging half of Zr4+ cations with Ce4+; however, no change in MeOH production occurred. It was found that the Cu-Ce coexistence in the UiO-66-based catalytic system reduced the selectivity to MeOH when compared to Cu/UiO-66(Zr), which was ascribed to lower concentration of Cu0 active sites in Cu/UiO-66(Ce/Zr), and this was caused by oxygen spill-over between Cu0 and Ce4+, and thus, the oxidation of the former. The impact of reaction conditions on the structure stability of tested catalyst was also determined.
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