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Cifuentes-Cabezas M, Álvarez-Blanco S, Mendoza-Roca JA, Vincent-Vela MC, Gozálvez-Zafrilla JM. Theoretical Model for the Prediction of Water Flux during the Concentration of an Olive Mill Wastewater Model Solution by Means of Forward Osmosis. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:745. [PMID: 37623806 PMCID: PMC10456235 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13080745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Currently, understanding the dynamics of the interaction between the agents in a process is one of the most important factors regarding its operation and design. Membrane processes for industrial wastewater management are not strangers to this topic. One such example is the concentration of compounds with high added value, such as the phenolic compounds present in olive mill wastewater (OMW). This process is a viable option, thanks to the forward osmosis (FO) process, osmotically driven by a saline stream. In this context, the transport of the solute and the solvent through the FO membranes, although essential to the process, remains problematic. This paper presents a study to predict, by means of a theoretical model, the water flux for two membranes (a cellulose triacetate flat sheet and a polyamide hollow fiber with integrated aquaporin proteins) with different characteristics using a sodium chloride solution as the draw solution (DS). The novelty of this model is the consideration of the contribution of organic compounds (in addition to the inorganic salts) to the osmotic pressure in the feed side. Moreover, the geometry of the modules and the characteristics of the membranes were also considered. The model was developed with the ability to run under different conditions, with or without tyrosol (the compound chosen as representative of OMW phenolic compounds) in the feed solution (FS), and was fitted and evaluated using experimental data. The results presented a variability in the model prediction, which was a function of both the membrane used and the FS and DS, with a greater influence of tyrosol observed on the permeate flux in the flat cellulose triacetate membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Cifuentes-Cabezas
- Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.-C.); (S.Á.-B.)
| | - Silvia Álvarez-Blanco
- Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.-C.); (S.Á.-B.)
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Antonio Mendoza-Roca
- Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.-C.); (S.Á.-B.)
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Cinta Vincent-Vela
- Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.-C.); (S.Á.-B.)
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Gozálvez-Zafrilla
- Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.-C.); (S.Á.-B.)
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Salamanca M, Peña M, Hernandez A, Prádanos P, Palacio L. Forward Osmosis Application for the Removal of Emerging Contaminants from Municipal Wastewater: A Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:655. [PMID: 37505021 PMCID: PMC10384920 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) has attracted special attention in water and wastewater treatment due to its role in addressing the challenges of water scarcity and contamination. The presence of emerging contaminants in water sources raises concerns regarding their environmental and public health impacts. Conventional wastewater treatment methods cannot effectively remove these contaminants; thus, innovative approaches are required. FO membranes offer a promising solution for wastewater treatment and removal of the contaminants in wastewater. Several factors influence the performance of FO processes, including concentration polarization, membrane fouling, draw solute selection, and reverse salt flux. Therefore, understanding and optimizing these factors are crucial aspects for improving the efficiency and sustainability of the FO process. This review stresses the need for research to explore the potential and challenges of FO membranes to meet municipal wastewater treatment requirements, to optimize the process, to reduce energy consumption, and to promote scalability for potential industrial applications. In conclusion, FO shows promising performance for wastewater treatment, dealing with emerging pollutants and contributing to sustainable practices. By improving the FO process and addressing its challenges, we could contribute to improve the availability of water resources amid the global water scarcity concerns, as well as contribute to the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Salamanca
- Institute of Sustainable Processes (ISP), Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mar Peña
- Institute of Sustainable Processes (ISP), Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernandez
- Institute of Sustainable Processes (ISP), Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pedro Prádanos
- Institute of Sustainable Processes (ISP), Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Laura Palacio
- Institute of Sustainable Processes (ISP), Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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Saud A, Saleem H, Khan AW, Munira N, Khan M, Zaidi SJ. Date Palm Tree Leaf-Derived Cellulose Nanocrystal Incorporated Thin-Film Composite forward Osmosis Membranes for Produced Water Treatment. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050513. [PMID: 37233574 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide water shortage and significant issues related to treatment of wastewater streams, mainly the water obtained during the recovery of oil and gas operations called produced water (PW), has enabled forward osmosis (FO) to progress and become advanced enough to effectively treat as well as retrieve water in order to be productively reused. Because of their exceptional permeability qualities, thin-film composite (TFC) membranes have gained increasing interest for use in FO separation processes. This research focused on developing a high water flux and less oil flux TFC membrane by incorporating sustainably developed cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) onto the polyamide (PA) layer of the TFC membrane. CNCs are prepared from date palm leaves and different characterization studies verified the definite formations of CNCs and the effective integration of CNCs in the PA layer. From the FO experiments, it was confirmed that that the membrane with 0.05 wt% of CNCs in the TFC membrane (TFN-5) showed better FO performance in PW treatment. Pristine TFC and TFN-5 membrane exhibited 96.2% and 99.0% of salt rejection and 90.5% and 97.45% of oil rejection. Further, TFC and TFN-5 demonstrated 0.46 and 1.61 LMHB pure water permeability and 0.41 and 1.42 LHM salt permeability, respectively. Thus, the developed membrane can help in overcoming the current challenges associated with TFC FO membranes for PW treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Saud
- Center for Advanced Material, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Haleema Saleem
- Center for Advanced Material, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | | | - Nazmin Munira
- Center for Advanced Material, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Maryam Khan
- Center for Advanced Material, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
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Salamanca M, Palacio L, Hernandez A, Peña M, Prádanos P. Evaluation of Forward Osmosis and Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis with a Tubular Membrane for the Concentration of Municipal Wastewater and the Production of Biogas. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:266. [PMID: 36984653 PMCID: PMC10051251 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Currently, freshwater scarcity is one of the main issues that the world population has to face. To address this issue, new wastewater treatment technologies have been developed such as membrane processes. Among them, due to the energy disadvantages of pressure-driven membrane processes, Forward Osmosis (FO) and Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis (LPRO) have been introduced as promising alternatives. In this study, the behavior of a 2.3 m2 tubular membrane TFO-D90 when working with municipal wastewater has been studied. Its performances have been evaluated and compared in two operating modes such as FO and LPRO. Parameters such as fouling, flow rates, water flux, draw solution concentration, organic matter concentration, as well as its recovery have been studied. In addition, the biogas production capacity has been evaluated with the concentrated municipal wastewater obtained from each process. The results of this study indicate that the membrane can work in both processes (FO and LPRO) but, from the energy and productivity point of view, FO is considered more appropriate mainly due to its lower fouling level. This research may offer a new point of view on low-energy and energy recovery wastewater treatment and the applicability of FO and LPRO for wastewater concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Salamanca
- Institute of Sustainable Processes (ISP), University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Paseo Prado de la Magdalena 3-5, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Laura Palacio
- Institute of Sustainable Processes (ISP), University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernandez
- Institute of Sustainable Processes (ISP), University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mar Peña
- Institute of Sustainable Processes (ISP), University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Paseo Prado de la Magdalena 3-5, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pedro Prádanos
- Institute of Sustainable Processes (ISP), University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Paseo Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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Cimbru AM, Rikabi AAKK, Oprea O, Grosu AR, Tanczos SK, Simonescu MC, Pașcu D, Grosu VA, Dumitru F, Nechifor G. pH and pCl Operational Parameters in Some Metallic Ions Separation with Composite Chitosan/Sulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone/Polypropylene Hollow Fibers Membranes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:833. [PMID: 36135852 PMCID: PMC9502727 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12090833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of new composite membranes is required to separate chemical species from aggressive environments without using corrective reagents. One such case is represented by the high hydrochloric acid mixture (very low pH and pCl) that contains mixed metal ions, or that of copper, cadmium, zinc and lead ions in a binary mixture (Cu-Zn and Cd-Pb) or quaternary mixture. This paper presents the obtaining of a composite membrane chitosan (Chi)-sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (sPEEK)-polypropylene hollow fiber (Chi/sPEEK/PPHF) and its use in the separation of binary or quaternary mixtures of copper, cadmium, zinc, and lead ions by nanofiltration and pertraction. The obtained membranes were morphologically and structurally characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution SEM (HR-SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis (EDAX), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC), but also used in preliminary separation tests. Using the ion solutions in hydrochloric acid 3 mol/L, the separation of copper and zinc or cadmium and lead ions from binary mixtures was performed. The pertraction results were superior to those obtained by nanofiltration, both in terms of extraction efficiency and because at pertraction, the separate cation was simultaneously concentrated by an order of magnitude. The mixture of the four cations was separated by nanofiltration (at 5 bars, using a membrane of a 1 m2 active area) by varying two operational parameters: pH and pCl. Cation retention could reach 95% when adequate values of operational parameters were selected. The paper makes some recommendations for the use of composite membranes, chitosan (Chi)-sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (sPEEK)-polypropylene hollow fiber (Chi/sPEEK/PPHF), so as to obtain the maximum possible retention of the target cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Maria Cimbru
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Abbas Abdul Kadhim Klaif Rikabi
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Technical College of Al-Mussaib (TCM), Al-Furat Al-Awsat University, Babylon-Najaf Street, Najaf 54003, Iraq
| | - Ovidiu Oprea
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Raluca Grosu
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Szidonia-Katalin Tanczos
- Department of Bioengineering, University Sapientia of Miercurea-Ciuc, 500104 Miercurea-Ciuc, Romania
| | - Maria Claudia Simonescu
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dumitru Pașcu
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vlad-Alexandru Grosu
- Department of Electronic Technology and Reliability, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 061071 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florina Dumitru
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Nechifor
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
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