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Khairuddin F, Zaharah Mohd Fuzi SF, Ahmad A, Oon LK, Bokhari A, Dailin DJ, Habila MA, Nawaz A, Chuah LF. Evaluation on microalgae for the production of bio-chemicals and electricity. Chemosphere 2024; 350:141007. [PMID: 38141667 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancement in biophotovoltaic systems using microalgae, coupled with biorefinery approach, would improve economy-feasibility in production. The major concern is its commercial strength in terms of scalability, strain selection and extraction procedure cost. It must compete with conventional feedstocks such as fossil fuels. This project proposes to enhance the economic feasibility of microalgae-based biorefinery by evaluating their performance for bio-electricity, bio-diesel and carotenoids production in a single cycle. The first part of the study was to construct and select a Bio-bottle Voltaic (BBV) device that would allow microalgae to grow and produce bioproducts, as well as generate the maximum current output reading derived from the microalgae's photosynthesis process. The second phase consisted of a 25-day investigation into the biorefinery performance of six different microalgal species in producing bio-electricity, bio-diesel and carotenoid in a prototype BBV device. The prototype BBV device with aluminium foil and pencil lead as its anode and cathode produced the highest carotenoid and biodiesel component production from the two microalgae tested, according to the results of the first phase of the experiment. In the second portion of the study, Scenedesmus dimorphus and Chlorella vulgaris were identified as the two microalgae most capable of maintaining their growth throughout the experiment. The maximum current reading observed for C. vulgaris was 653 mV. High Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis showed four major carotenoid compounds found which were Neoxanthin, Cantaxanthin, Astaxanthin and 9-cis antheraxanthin, and the highest carotenoid producer was C. vulgaris which recorded at 1.73 μg/mL. C. vulgaris recorded as the most alkanes producer with 22 compounds detected and Heptacosane and Heneicosane as the two major biodiesel compounds found in the extracts. Evaluation of C. vulgaris data showed that it has enormous potential for microalgal biorefinery candidates. Further ongoing research and development efforts for C. vulgaris will improve the economic viability of microalgae-based industries and reduce reliance on depleted fossil fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahayu Khairuddin
- Malaysia Genome & Vaccine Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Jalan Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Sciences & Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Hab Pendidikan Tinggi Pagoh, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84600, Panchor, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Fatimah Zaharah Mohd Fuzi
- Faculty of Applied Sciences & Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Hab Pendidikan Tinggi Pagoh, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, 84600, Panchor, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Awais Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Low Kheng Oon
- Malaysia Genome & Vaccine Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Jalan Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A Bokhari
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Daniel Joe Dailin
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed A Habila
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alam Nawaz
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - L F Chuah
- School of Technology Management and Logistics, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 Sintok, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia
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Gasparetto H, Carolina Ferreira Piazzi Fuhr A, Paula Gonçalves Salau N. Forecasting soybean oil extraction using cyclopentyl methyl ether through soft computing models with a density functional theory study. J IND ENG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2023.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Santoro I, Russo A, Perri E, Sindona G, Nardi M. Lipid Peroxidation in Algae Oil: Antagonist Effects of Natural Antioxidants. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144453. [PMID: 35889326 PMCID: PMC9323734 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tandem mass spectrometry is proposed to check lipid oxidation, a free radical-mediated phenomenon which effects oxidative deterioration in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Antioxidants are used by the food industry to delay the oxidation process. This process can be controlled by antioxidants, which may occur as natural constituents of foods or may be intentionally added to products. Synthetic antioxidants such as BHT, BHA, and propyl gallate have been extensively used as antioxidants in the industry. The worldwide tendency to avoid or minimize the use of synthetic food additives has prompted the replacement of synthetic antioxidants with natural analogues. The entire process can be supported by the detection and characterization of the reacting species by suitable application of electrospray tandem mass spectrometry under collision-induced dissociation (ESI-CID-MS/MS). Natural antioxidants were tested in this study to check the oxidative stability of algae oil when adding the natural additive. Results were observed in algae oil in situ using electrospray mass spectrometry in tandem with collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-CID-MS/MS) and the POBN spin trapper. The results indicate that alpha-tocopherol is a better antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Santoro
- QUASIORA Laboratory, Agrinfra Research Net, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 12/D, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-09-8449-3319
| | - Anna Russo
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 87036 Rende, Italy; (A.R.); (E.P.)
| | - Enzo Perri
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 87036 Rende, Italy; (A.R.); (E.P.)
| | - Giovanni Sindona
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Monica Nardi
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
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Saini R, Kumar S, Sharma A, Kumar V, Sharma R, Janghu S, Suthar P. Deep eutectic solvents: The new generation sustainable and safe extraction systems for bioactive compounds in agri food sector: An update. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Saini
- Department of Food Science & Technology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India
| | - Satish Kumar
- Department of Food Science & Technology Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Solan India
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Department of Chemistry Career Point University Hamirpur India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Food Science & Technology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- Department of Food Science & Technology Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Solan India
| | - Sandeep Janghu
- Department of Food Product Development Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology Thanjavur India
| | - Priyanka Suthar
- Food Technology and Nutrition School of Agriculture Lovely Professional University Phagwara India
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Couto D, Melo T, Conde TA, Moreira ASP, Ferreira P, Costa M, Silva J, Domingues R, Domingues P. Food grade extraction of Chlorella vulgaris polar lipids: A comparative lipidomic study. Food Chem 2021; 375:131685. [PMID: 34865930 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Glycolipids and phospholipids are the main reservoirs of omega polyunsaturated fatty acids in microalgae. Their extraction for the food industry requires food grade solvents, however, the use of these solvents is generally associated with low extraction yields. In this study, we evaluated the lipid extraction efficiency of food-grade ethanol, ultrasound-assisted ethanol (UAE) and dichloromethane/methanol (DCM) from Chlorella vulgaris cultivated under autotrophic and heterotrophic conditions. Yields of lipids, fatty acids (FA), and complex lipid profiles were determined by gravimetry, GC-MS, and LC-MS/MS, respectively. UAE and DCM showed the highest lipid yields with similar purity. The FA profiles were identical for all extracts. The polar lipidome of the DCM and UAE extracts was comparable, while the EtOH extracts were significantly different. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of UAE extraction to obtain high yields of polar lipids and omega-3 and -6-rich extracts from C. vulgaris that can be used for food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Couto
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tiago A Conde
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana S P Moreira
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CICECO Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula Ferreira
- CICECO Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Margarida Costa
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A, R&D Department, Rua 25 de Abril 19, 2445-287 Pataias, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A, R&D Department, Rua 25 de Abril 19, 2445-287 Pataias, Portugal
| | - Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Chauton MS, Forbord S, Mäkinen S, Sarno A, Slizyte R, Mozuraityte R, Standal IB, Skjermo J. Sustainable resource production for manufacturing bioactives from micro- and macroalgae: Examples from harvesting and cultivation in the Nordic region. Physiol Plant 2021; 173:495-506. [PMID: 33751623 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and macroalgae are a great and important source of raw material for manufacturing of bioactives and ingredients for food, feed, cosmetics, or pharmaceuticals. Macroalgae (or seaweeds) have been harvested locally from wild stocks in smaller volumes for a long time, and a production chain based on cultivated seaweed for the harvest of considerably larger amounts is in progress for several species. Microalgae and cyanobacteria such as Spirulina have been produced in "backyard ponds" for use in food and feed also for a long time, and now we see the establishment of large production plants to control the cultivation process and increase the production yields. There is also a shift from harvesting or cultivation centered in warmer, sunnier areas to increasing exploitation of natural resources in temperate to boreal regions. In locations with strong seasonal variations in solar irradiance and temperatures, we need to develop procedures to maximize the biomass production in the productive seasons and ensure efficient stabilization of the biomass for year-round processing and product manufacturing. Industrialized biomass production and large-scale manufacturing of bioactives also mean that we must employ sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly processing methods, including stabilization and extraction methods such as ensiling and subcritical water extraction (SWE) and advanced analytic tools to characterize the products. These topics are focus areas of the Nordic Centre of Excellence (NCoE) NordAqua, and here we present a review of current activities in the field of micro- and macroalgae biomass production sectors illustrated with some of our experiences from the NordAqua consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silje Forbord
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sari Mäkinen
- LUKE, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Antonio Sarno
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rasa Slizyte
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Revilija Mozuraityte
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Inger Beate Standal
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jorunn Skjermo
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim, Norway
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Giovannoni M, Larini I, Scafati V, Scortica A, Compri M, Pontiggia D, Zapparoli G, Vitulo N, Benedetti M, Mattei B. A novel Penicillium sumatraense isolate reveals an arsenal of degrading enzymes exploitable in algal bio-refinery processes. Biotechnol Biofuels 2021; 14:180. [PMID: 34517884 PMCID: PMC8438893 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae are coming to the spotlight due to their potential applications in a wide number of fields ranging from the biofuel to the pharmaceutical sector. However, several factors such as low productivity, expensive harvesting procedures and difficult metabolite extractability limit their full utilization at industrial scale. Similarly to the successful employment of enzymatic arsenals from lignocellulolytic fungi to convert lignocellulose into fermentable sugars for bioethanol production, specific algalytic formulations could be used to improve the extractability of lipids from microalgae to produce biodiesel. Currently, the research areas related to algivorous organisms, algal saprophytes and the enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of algal cell wall are still little explored. RESULTS Here, an algal trap method for capturing actively growing microorganisms was successfully used to isolate a filamentous fungus, that was identified by whole-genome sequencing, assembly and annotation as a novel Penicillium sumatraense isolate. The fungus, classified as P. sumatraense AQ67100, was able to assimilate heat-killed Chlorella vulgaris cells by an enzymatic arsenal composed of proteases such as dipeptidyl- and amino-peptidases, β-1,3-glucanases and glycosidases including α- and β-glucosidases, β-glucuronidase, α-mannosidases and β-galactosidases. The treatment of C. vulgaris with the filtrate from P. sumatraense AQ67100 increased the release of chlorophylls and lipids from the algal cells by 42.6 and 48.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The improved lipid extractability from C. vulgaris biomass treated with the fungal filtrate highlighted the potential of algal saprophytes in the bioprocessing of microalgae, posing the basis for the sustainable transformation of algal metabolites into biofuel-related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Giovannoni
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - I Larini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - V Scafati
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - A Scortica
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - M Compri
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - D Pontiggia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - G Zapparoli
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - N Vitulo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - M Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - B Mattei
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
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De Luca M, Pappalardo I, Limongi AR, Viviano E, Radice RP, Todisco S, Martelli G, Infantino V, Vassallo A. Lipids from Microalgae for Cosmetic Applications. Cosmetics 2021; 8:52. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics8020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been considerable interest in using microalgal lipids in the food, chemical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Several microalgal species can accumulate appreciable lipid quantities and therefore are characterized as oleaginous. In cosmetic formulations, lipids and their derivatives are one of the main ingredients. Different lipid classes are great moisturizing, emollient, and softening agents, work as surfactants and emulsifiers, give consistence to products, are color and fragrance carriers, act as preservatives to maintain products integrity, and can be part of the molecules delivery system. In the past, chemicals have been widely used but today’s market and customers’ demands are oriented towards natural products. Microalgae are an extraordinary source of lipids and other many bioactive molecules. Scientists’ attention to microalgae cultivation for their industrial application is increasing. For the high costs associated, commercialization of microalgae and their products is still not very widespread. The possibility to use biomass for various industrial purposes could make microalgae more economically competitive.
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Ganesan R, Manigandan S, Samuel MS, Shanmuganathan R, Brindhadevi K, Lan Chi NT, Duc PA, Pugazhendhi A. A review on prospective production of biofuel from microalgae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:e00509. [PMID: 32775233 PMCID: PMC7396912 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This critical review summarizes the utilization of algae as the resilient source for biofuel. The paper validates the different stages in generation of biofuels and provides a clarity on III generation biofuels. The microalgae is focused as an incredible source and a detailed discussion has been carried out from the cultivation, extraction and conversion to the final product. An elaborate view on conversion methodologies and troubles involved in the respective techniques are presented. The efficiency of the algal fuel performing in I/C engines derived from major techniques is considered. There exist new challenging barriers in the implementation of microalgae as prospective source in the energy market. In addition, types of pyrolysis for the production of main product from microalgae had been discussed in detail. Besides, some microalgae grow easily from fresh to waste water, make it more feasible source. Although the microalgae are a best alternative, cost of production and the yield of biofuel are still challenging. Further, cultivation of microalgae is very effective by applying two stage cultivation strategies. This comprehensive review provides the useful tool to identify, innovate and operate microalgae as the potential based biofuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ganesan
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's Institute of Technology, Chennai 600 119, India
| | - S Manigandan
- Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600 119, India
| | - Melvin S Samuel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CEAS, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, United States
| | | | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thuy Lan Chi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Anh Duc
- Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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