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He Y, Tan M, Cao Q, Linghu X, Yang Z, Meng Q, Fu S. The Liquid Fermentation Process for Mycelia of Poria cocos (Agaricomycetes) by Single-Factor Experimentation and Response Surface Methodology. Int J Med Mushrooms 2024; 26:41-51. [PMID: 38523448 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Liquid fermentation could yield substantial mycelia mass and valuable secondary metabolites in large-scale production within a short, fermented duration. The liquid fermented process of mycelia of Poria cocos was optimized using a combination of single-factor experimentation and response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain more extract of P. cocos. The optimal conditions were determined as follows: The carbon source concentration at 1%, the nitrogen source concentration at 1%, the inoculum volume at 7% and a culture time of 9 d. Under these conditions, the ethyl acetate extract mass of P. cocos mycelia reached 0.0577 ± 0.0041 mg. There were significant interactions between nitrogen source concentration and cultivation time. The predicted values by the mathematical model based on the response surface analysis showed a close agreement with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudie He
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianping Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Linghu
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Meng
- Department of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China; Centre of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Shaobin Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
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Lu MK, Chao CH, Hsu YC. Advanced culture strategy shows varying bioactivities of sulfated polysaccharides of Poria cocos. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126669. [PMID: 37660853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
This study compares the bioactivity of six sulfated polysaccharides derived from glucose- and sucrose-feeding extracted from P. cocos. Anti-inflammatory potentials of these polysaccharides were evaluated by pretreating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. Of the tested polysaccharides, the sulfated polysaccharide derived from sucrose-feeding at the concentration of 40 g/l (referred to as "suc 40") exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activity, of 83 %, and 33 % inhibition of IL-6 and TNF-α secretion, respetively. It achieved this by inhibiting the p-38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK signaling pathways. On the other hand, the sulfated polysaccharide derived from glucose-feeding at a concentration of 20 g/l (referred to as "glc 20") demonstrated the greatest anti-lung cancer activity. This was achieved by inducing apoptotic-related molecules, such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and CHOP. Furthermore, glc 20 had the highest contents of sulfate, fucose, and mannose compared to the other tested polysaccharides. This suggests that the composition of monosaccharide residues are critical factors influencing the anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities of these sulfated polysaccharides. Overall, this study highlights the potential of sulfated polysaccharides derived from P. cocos to function as bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, 252 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155 Li-Nung St., 7 Sec. 2, Shipai, Beitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Hsein Chao
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Hsu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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Zhao P, Guan M, Tang W, Walayat N, Ding Y, Liu J. Structural diversity, fermentation production, bioactivities and applications of triterpenoids from several common medicinal fungi: Recent advances and future perspectives. Fitoterapia 2023; 166:105470. [PMID: 36914012 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal fungi are beneficial to human health and it reduces the risk of chronic diseases. Triterpenoids are polycyclic compounds derived from the straight-chain hydrocarbon squalene, which are widely distributed in medicinal fungi. Triterpenoids from medicinal fungal sources possess diverse bioactive activities such as anti-cancer, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity. This review article describes the structure, fermentation production, biological activities, and application of triterpenoids from the medicinal fungi including Ganoderma lucidum, Poria cocos, Antrodia camphorata, Inonotus obliquus, Phellinus linteus, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Laetiporus sulphureus. Besides, the research perspectives of triterpenoids from medicinal fungi are also proposed. This paper provides useful guidance and reference for further research on medicinal fungi triterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peicheng Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Meizhu Guan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wei Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Noman Walayat
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yuting Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Zhou X, Zhong C, Xie J, Jin J, Shen B, Chen L, Liu H, Zhang S. Optimization of the Solid-State Culture Conditions and Chemical Component Analysis of Poria cocos (Agaricomycetes). Int J Med Mushrooms 2023; 25:65-80. [PMID: 37947065 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023050574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The optimal cultivation conditions and chemical components of Poria cocos fruiting bodies were examined by employing the single factor and response surface methods to screen for optimal conditions for artificial cultivation. The differences in chemical composition among the fruiting bodies, fermented mycelium, and sclerotia of P. cocos were compared using UV spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The optimal growth conditions for P. cocos fruiting bodies were 28.5°C temperature, 60% light intensity, and 2.5 g pine sawdust, which resulted in the production of numerous basidiocarps and basidiospores under microscopic examination. Polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and other main active components of P. cocos were found in the fruiting bodies, sclerotia, and fermented mycelium. The triterpenoid components of the fruiting bodies were consistent with those of the sclerotia. The content of pachymic acid in the fruiting bodies was significantly higher than that in the sclerotia, with a value of 33.37 ± 0.1902 mg/g. These findings provide novel insights into the sexual breeding and comprehensive development and utilization of P. cocos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China; Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Can Zhong
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China; Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xie
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jian Jin
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Bingbing Shen
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Shuihan Zhang
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China; Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Jiang YH, Wang L, Chen WD, Duan YT, Sun MJ, Huang JJ, Peng DY, Yu NJ, Wang YY, Zhang Y. Poria cocos polysaccharide prevents alcohol-induced hepatic injury and inflammation by repressing oxidative stress and gut leakiness. Front Nutr 2022; 9:963598. [PMID: 36061887 PMCID: PMC9428680 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.963598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major worldwide chronic liver disease accompanied by hepatic inflammation, gut leakiness, and abnormal oxidative stress. Our previous study demonstrated substantial hepatoprotective activity of the active Poria cocos polysaccharide (PCP-1C). The present study explored whether PCP-1C protects against ALD among hepatic inflammation, gut leakiness, and abnormal oxidative stress. The results showed that PCP-1C significantly improved alcohol-induced liver injury by decreasing serum biochemical parameters, alleviating hepatic steatosis, and reducing lipid accumulation caused by ALD. Moreover, PCP-1C treatment reduced hepatic inflammation by inhibiting the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and also improved hepatocyte apoptosis by inhibiting the cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)/reactive oxygen species (ROS)/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathway. Regarding intestinal protection, PCP-1C could repair the intestinal barrier and reduce lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leakage. Generally, PCP-1C exerts a positive therapeutic effect on ALD, which may play a pivotal of decreasing inflammatory factor release, inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis, and improving intestinal barrier injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-hang Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wei-dong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Conservation and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Hefei, China
| | - Yu-ting Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ming-jie Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jia-jing Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Dai-yin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, China
- Institute of Conservation and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Hefei, China
| | - Nian-jun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, China
- Institute of Conservation and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Hefei, China
| | - Yan-yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-yan Wang,
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, China
- Yue Zhang,
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Xu T, Zhang H, Wang S, Xiang Z, Kong H, Xue Q, He M, Yu X, Li Y, Sun D, Gao P, Cong Z. A review on the advances in the extraction methods and structure elucidation of Poria cocos polysaccharide and its pharmacological activities and drug carrier applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:536-551. [PMID: 35843404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Poria cocos polysaccharide (PCP) is one of the main active components of Poria cocos that is extensively used in the world. PCP can be divided into intro-polysaccharides and exopolysaccharides. PCP is mainly composed of glucose, galactose and mannose. There are many methods to exact PCP, and methods can affect its yield. PCP and its derivatives exhibit diverse biological functions such as antitumour, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune-regulatory, hepatoprotective, etc. There is the potential application of PCP as drug carriers. The review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest extraction and purification methods of PCP, its chemistry, synthesis of PCP derivates, their pharmacological activities and their applications as drug carriers. This review provides comprehensive information on PCP, which can be used as the basis for further research on PCP and its derivates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianren Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Hongmeng Zhang
- Laboratory management office, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Shengguang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zedong Xiang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Hongwei Kong
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Qing Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Mengyuan He
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yanan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Dongjie Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Peng Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Zhufeng Cong
- Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Shandong Tumor Hospital and Institute: Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan 250117, China.
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Pradhan SK, Li Y, Gantenbein AR, Angst F, Lehmann S, Shaban H. Wen Dan Tang: A Potential Jing Fang Decoction for Headache Disorders? Medicines 2022; 9:medicines9030022. [PMID: 35323721 PMCID: PMC8955743 DOI: 10.3390/medicines9030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Chinese herbal medicine is considered relatively safe, inexpensive, and easily accessible. Wen Dan Tang (WDT), a Jing Fang ancient classical Chinese herbal formula with a broad indication profile has been used for several centuries in China to treat various illnesses. Question: Are there evidence-based clinical trials that show that WDT has a significant impact on the treatment of various diseases, especially in patients with migraine and tension-type headaches (TTH)? Methods: This study is based on an online database search using PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, AcuTrials, Embase, Semantic Scholar, Jstor, internet research, and review of ancient and modern Chinese medical textbooks regarding WDT and its compounds. Results: There were no studies on WDT in migraine and TTH; therefore, this work gathers and describes data for every single compound in the formula. Conclusion: This study suggests that the bioactive compounds found in WDT composition show potential in treating patients with neurological, psychiatric disorders, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and digestive disorders. Some coherence between WDT in headache reduction and improvements in the quality of life in patients with migraines and TTH could be evaluated, showing positive results of WDT in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj K. Pradhan
- Research Department Rehaklinik, TCM Ming Dao, ZURZACH Care, 5330 Bad Zurzach, Switzerland;
- Research Department, Swiss TCM Academy, 5330 Bad Zurzach, Switzerland
- Research Department, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Yiming Li
- Research Department Rehaklinik, TCM Ming Dao, ZURZACH Care, 5330 Bad Zurzach, Switzerland;
- Research Department, Swiss TCM Academy, 5330 Bad Zurzach, Switzerland
- Research Department, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Andreas R. Gantenbein
- Neurology & Neurorehabilitation Department Rehaklinik, ZURZACH Care, 5330 Bad Zurzach, Switzerland;
| | - Felix Angst
- Research Department Rehaklinik, ZURZACH Care, 5330 Bad Zurzach, Switzerland; (F.A.); (S.L.)
| | - Susanne Lehmann
- Research Department Rehaklinik, ZURZACH Care, 5330 Bad Zurzach, Switzerland; (F.A.); (S.L.)
| | - Hamdy Shaban
- Department of Private Psychiatry Clinic of UPK, University Psychiatric Clinics, 4002 Basel, Switzerland;
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guo J. Neuroprotective Effects of Poria Cocos Essential Oil on A?1?40-induced Learning and Memory Deficit in Rats. Int J Med Mushrooms 2022; 24:73-82. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2022045031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Sommer S, Fraatz MA, Büttner J, Salem AA, Rühl M, Zorn H. Wild Strawberry-like Flavor Produced by the Fungus Wolfiporia cocos─Identification of Character Impact Compounds by Aroma Dilution Analysis after Dynamic Headspace Extraction. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:14222-14230. [PMID: 34786939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Brown-rot fungi are particularly suitable for the sustainable and cost-efficient biotechnological production of natural flavors. In this study, Wolfiporia cocos was employed for the fermentation of European black currant pomace supplemented with aspartate in surface cultures to produce a flavor reminiscent of wild strawberries. Aroma dilution analysis (ADA) by means of dynamic headspace extraction was developed as a suitable technique for solid samples. The character impact compounds were quantified by stable isotope dilution analysis and standard addition and validated by recombination experiments. (R)-Linalool (1879 μg kg-1, ADA 211), methyl anthranilate (2206 μg kg-1, 210), 2-aminobenzaldehyde (771 μg kg-1, 25), and geraniol (138 μg kg-1, 25) were identified as key aroma compounds. Recombination experiments demonstrated that the combination of the four analyzed compounds was responsible for the odor impression reminiscent of wild strawberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Sommer
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Marco A Fraatz
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Julia Büttner
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ahmed A Salem
- Agricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, 13736 Benha, Qalyubia, Egypt
| | - Martin Rühl
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Holger Zorn
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Wang Q, Cao R, Zhang Y, Qi P, Wang L, Fang S. Biosynthesis and regulation of terpenoids from basidiomycetes: exploration of new research. AMB Express 2021; 11:150. [PMID: 34779947 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Basidiomycetes, also known as club fungi, consist of a specific group of fungi. Basidiomycetes produce a large number of secondary metabolites, of which sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids and triterpenoids are the primary components. However, these terpenoids tend to be present in low amounts, which makes it difficult to meet application requirements. Terpenoid biosynthesis improves the quantity of these secondary metabolites. However, current understanding of the biosynthetic mechanism of terpenoids in basidiomycetes is insufficient. Therefore, this article reviews the latest research on the biosynthesis of terpenoids in basidiomycetes and summarizes the CYP450 involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoids in basidiomycetes. We also propose opportunities and challenges for chassis microbial heterologous production of terpenoids in basidiomycetes and provide a reference basis for the better development of basidiomycete engineering.
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