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Rosa D, Petruccelli V, Iacobbi MC, Brasili E, Badiali C, Pasqua G, Di Palma L. Functionalized biochar from waste as a slow-release nutrient source: Application on tomato plants. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29455. [PMID: 38644827 PMCID: PMC11033143 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Licorice processing waste was pyrolyzed at different temperatures (500 and 700 °C) to obtain biochar (BC500 and BC700) for use as a slow-release fertilizer on Solanum lycopersicum. The materials were characterized through BET analysis, SEM, elemental analysis, pHzc, and pyrolysis temperature effect was evaluated. The biochars were functionalized by the impregnation method to enrich them with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK), and desorption tests were performed in aqueous solution at different pHs (5 and 7). The pseudo-second-order model described well the release of all 3 macronutrients tested, BC500 was found to have slower release kinetics due to smaller pore size, reaching adsorption/desorption equilibrium after 14 days, compared with 10 for BC700, Kdes were lower in all 3 cases and NPK content was higher, initial pH did not change the release kinetics. BC500 was selected as an agricultural soil conditioner by testing at both different dosages of BC (0-25 %) and different NPK ratios (3:1:4 and 4:1:3). The treatment significance was evaluated. The best treatment resulted in BC dosage of 25 % nutrient ratio 4:1:3 which increased, compared to the control, total chlorophyll content (+38 %) and carotenoids (+15 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Rosa
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment & UdR INSTM, Sapienza-Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Roma, Italy
| | - Valerio Petruccelli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza-Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Iacobbi
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment & UdR INSTM, Sapienza-Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Roma, Italy
| | - Elisa Brasili
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza-Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Camilla Badiali
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza-Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pasqua
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza-Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Luca Di Palma
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment & UdR INSTM, Sapienza-Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Roma, Italy
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Pastore G, Giacomantonio R, Lupidi G, Stella F, Risoluti R, Papa E, Ballini R, Sarasini F, Tirillò J, Marcantoni E, Gabrielli S. Novel terephthalamide diol monomers synthesis from PET waste to Poly(Urethane acrylates). Front Chem 2023; 11:1234763. [PMID: 37521014 PMCID: PMC10374216 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1234763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its excellent properties, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is one of the most produced and consumed polymers. Among plastics, it represents the main contributor to environmental pollution. Following the circular economy model, the chemical upcycling of PET reduces the amount of waste generated and transforms it into high-value products. The depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) into oligomers or monomers leads to forming a library of reactive molecules involved in different polymerization processes to obtain compounds with improved properties. Herein, several β-hydroxy amines were synthesized and used for the chemical recycling of water bottle waste by an environmental benefit aminolysis process to get very useful new terephthalamide diol monomers. The recycled diol monomers were subsequently exploited to synthesize poly(urethane acrylates) (PUAs) UV-curable coatings, and their chemical, thermal and mechanical characterizations were performed. The results show the great potential of the developed synthesis protocols to obtain PUAs with final properties that can be modulated to meet the requirements of different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genny Pastore
- ChIP Building, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Roberto Giacomantonio
- ChIP Building, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Gabriele Lupidi
- ChIP Building, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Francesca Stella
- ChIP Building, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Roberta Risoluti
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Papa
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Ballini
- ChIP Building, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Sarasini
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza-Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Jacopo Tirillò
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza-Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Enrico Marcantoni
- ChIP Building, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Serena Gabrielli
- ChIP Building, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Gabrielli S, Caviglia M, Pastore G, Marcantoni E, Nobili F, Bottoni L, Catorci A, Bavasso I, Sarasini F, Tirillò J, Santulli C. Chemical, Thermal and Mechanical Characterization of Licorice Root, Willow, Holm Oak, and Palm Leaf Waste Incorporated into Maleated Polypropylene (MAPP). Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4348. [PMID: 36297926 PMCID: PMC9607560 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of four lignocellulosic waste fillers on the thermal and mechanical properties of biocomposites was investigated. Powdered licorice root, palm leaf, holm oak and willow fillers were melt compounded with polypropylene at two different weight contents, i.e., 10 and 30, and then injection molded. A commercially available maleated coupling agent was used to improve the filler/matrix interfacial adhesion at 5 wt.%. Composites were subjected to chemical (FTIR-ATR), thermal (TGA, DSC, DMA) and mechanical (tensile, bending and Charpy impact) analyses coupled with a morphological investigation by scanning electron microscopy. Although similarities among the different formulations were noted, holm oak fillers provided the best combination of thermal and mechanical performance. In particular, at 30 wt.% content with coupling agent, this composite formulation displayed remarkable increases in tensile strength and modulus, flexural strength and modulus, of 28% and 110%, 58% and 111%, compared to neat PP, respectively. The results imply that all these lignocellulosic waste fillers can be used successfully as raw materials for biocomposites, with properties comparable to those featured by other natural fillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Gabrielli
- Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Camerino, ChIP Building, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Miriam Caviglia
- Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Camerino, ChIP Building, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Genny Pastore
- Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Camerino, ChIP Building, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Enrico Marcantoni
- Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Camerino, ChIP Building, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Francesco Nobili
- Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Camerino, ChIP Building, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Luca Bottoni
- Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Camerino, ChIP Building, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Andrea Catorci
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Irene Bavasso
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza—Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Sarasini
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza—Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Jacopo Tirillò
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza—Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Carlo Santulli
- Geology Section, School of Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano 7, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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Lin F, Zhang M, Mao S, Zhang J, Wang K, Luo J, Chen X, Wang B, Wei Y. The Influence of Metal Lithium and Alkyl Chain in the Nucleating Agent Lauroyloxy-Substituted Aryl Aluminum Phosphate on the Crystallization and Optical Properties for iPP. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173637. [PMID: 36080711 PMCID: PMC9460898 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a kind of aryl phosphate salt nucleating agent (APAl-12C) was synthesized, which was replaced in the hydroxyl group on the aluminum hydroxy bis [2,2′-methylene-bis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate] (APAl-OH) by lauroyloxy, which could improve the dispersion between the nucleating agent and the iPP matrix and reduce the migration potential of the nucleating agent in the iPP matrix by increasing the molecular weight. The structure of the nucleating agent APAl-12C was analyzed by fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR ) and 1H NMR. The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) results indicated that the addition of APAl-OH or APAl-12C alone was inferior to the commercial nucleating agent NA-21 (compounds of APAl-OH and Lithium laurate) in terms of the crystallization behavior, which may be due to the importance of metal Li in the crystallization property. Thus, the iPP/A12C-Li composites were prepared with APAl-12C, lithium laurate (lilaurate) and the iPP matrix. The crystallization behavior, morphology, optical and mechanical properties for the iPP/A12C-Li composites were systematically studied and compared with that of the iPP/NA-21 composite. Among the iPP/A12C-Li composites with the addition of 0.5 wt%, APAl-12C/Lilaurate had the fastest crystallization rate and reduced the haze value of the neat iPP from 36.03% to 9.89% without changing the clarity, which was better than that of the iPP/NA-21 composite. This was due to the weakening of the polarity of the APAl-12C after lauroyloxy substitution and better dispersion in the iPP matrix, resulting in a significant improvement in the optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhua Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Shanxi Provincial Institute of Chemical Industry (Co., Ltd.), Jinzhong 030600, China
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Shanxi Provincial Institute of Chemical Industry (Co., Ltd.), Jinzhong 030600, China
| | - Shuangdan Mao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Shanxi Provincial Institute of Chemical Industry (Co., Ltd.), Jinzhong 030600, China
| | - Kezhi Wang
- Shanxi Provincial Institute of Chemical Industry (Co., Ltd.), Jinzhong 030600, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Guangzhou Fibre Product Testing and Research Institute, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Xinde Chen
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-351-6938220 (B.W.)
| | - Yinghui Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-351-6938220 (B.W.)
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