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Wang L, Valencak TG, Shan T. Fat infiltration in skeletal muscle: Influential triggers and regulatory mechanism. iScience 2024; 27:109221. [PMID: 38433917 PMCID: PMC10907799 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fat infiltration in skeletal muscle (also known as myosteatosis) is now recognized as a distinct disease from sarcopenia and is directly related to declining muscle capacity. Hence, understanding the origins and regulatory mechanisms of fat infiltration is vital for maintaining skeletal muscle development and improving human health. In this article, we summarized the triggering factors such as aging, metabolic diseases and metabolic syndromes, nonmetabolic diseases, and muscle injury that all induce fat infiltration in skeletal muscle. We discussed recent advances on the cellular origins of fat infiltration and found several cell types including myogenic cells and non-myogenic cells that contribute to myosteatosis. Furthermore, we reviewed the molecular regulatory mechanism, detection methods, and intervention strategies of fat infiltration in skeletal muscle. Based on the current findings, our review will provide new insight into regulating function and lipid metabolism of skeletal muscle and treating muscle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Shelley SP, James RS, Eustace SJ, Eyre ELJ, Tallis J. High-fat diet effects on contractile performance of isolated mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus when supplemented with high dose vitamin D. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:283-301. [PMID: 37983200 PMCID: PMC10988740 DOI: 10.1113/ep091493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests vitamin D3 (VD) supplementation can reduce accumulation of adipose tissue and inflammation and promote myogenesis in obese individuals, and thus could mitigate obesity-induced reductions in skeletal muscle (SkM) contractility. However, this is yet to be directly investigated. This study, using the work-loop technique, examined effects of VD (cholecalciferol) supplementation on isolated SkM contractility. Female mice (n = 37) consumed standard low-fat diet (SLD) or high-fat diet (HFD), with or without VD (20,000 IU/kg-1 ) for 12 weeks. Soleus and EDL (n = 8-10 per muscle per group) were isolated and absolute and normalized (to muscle size and body mass) isometric force and power output (PO) were measured, and fatigue resistance determined. Absolute and normalized isometric force and PO of soleus were unaffected by diet (P > 0.087). However, PO normalized to body mass was reduced in HFD groups (P < 0.001). Isometric force of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) was unaffected by diet (P > 0.588). HFD reduced EDL isometric stress (P = 0.048) and absolute and normalized PO (P < 0.031), but there was no effect of VD (P > 0.493). Cumulative work during fatiguing contractions was lower in HFD groups (P < 0.043), but rate of fatigue was unaffected (P > 0.060). This study uniquely demonstrated that high-dose VD had limited effects on SkM contractility and did not offset demonstrated adverse effects of HFD. However, small and moderate effect sizes suggest improvement in EDL muscle performance and animal morphology in HFD VD groups. Given effect sizes observed, coupled with proposed inverted U-shaped dose-effect curve, future investigations are needed to determine dose/duration specific responses to VD, which may culminate in improved function of HFD SkM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharn P. Shelley
- Research Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise ScienceCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
| | - Rob S. James
- Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradfordUK
| | | | | | - Jason Tallis
- Research Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise ScienceCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
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Voulgaridou G, Papadopoulou SD, Spanoudaki M, Kondyli FS, Alexandropoulou I, Michailidou S, Zarogoulidis P, Matthaios D, Giannakidis D, Romanidou M, Papadopoulou SK. Increasing Muscle Mass in Elders through Diet and Exercise: A Literature Review of Recent RCTs. Foods 2023; 12:1218. [PMID: 36981144 PMCID: PMC10048759 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to review the current evidence on the independent and combined effects of diet and exercise and their impact on skeletal muscle mass in the elderly population. Skeletal muscle makes up approximately 40% of total body weight and is essential for performing daily activities. The combination of exercise and diet is known to be a potent anabolic stimulus through stimulation of muscle protein synthesis from amino acids. Aging is strongly associated with a generalized deterioration of physiological function, including a progressive reduction in skeletal muscle mass and strength, which in turn leads to a gradual functional impairment and an increased rate of disability resulting in falls, frailty, or even death. The term sarcopenia, which is an age-related syndrome, is primarily used to describe the gradual and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass (mainly in type II muscle fibers) and function. Multimodal training is emerging as a popular training method that combines a wide range of physical dimensions. On the other hand, nutrition and especially protein intake provide amino acids, which are essential for muscle protein synthesis. According to ESPEN, protein intake in older people should be at least 1 g/kgbw/day. Essential amino acids, such as leucine, arginine, cysteine, and glutamine, are of particular importance for the regulation of muscle protein synthesis. For instance, a leucine intake of 3 g administered alongside each main meal has been suggested to prevent muscle loss in the elderly. In addition, studies have shown that vitamin D and other micronutrients can have a protective role and may modulate muscle growth; nevertheless, further research is needed to validate these claims. Resistance-based exercise combined with a higher intake of dietary protein, amino acids, and/or vitamin D are currently recognized as the most effective interventions to promote skeletal muscle growth. However, the results are quite controversial and contradictory, which could be explained by the high heterogeneity among studies. It is therefore necessary to further assess the impact of each individual exercise and nutritional approach, particularly protein and amino acids, on human muscle turnover so that more efficient strategies can be implemented for the augmentation of muscle mass in the elderly.
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Pinzariu AC, Sova IA, Maranduca MA, Filip N, Drochioi IC, Vamesu CG, Clim A, Hurjui LL, Moscalu M, Soroceanu RP, Serban DN, Serban IL. Vitamin D Deficiency in Both Oral and Systemic Manifestations in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Updated Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 59:medicina59010068. [PMID: 36676692 PMCID: PMC9866644 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The specialized literature emphasizes the fact that vitamin D has a potentially beneficial effect in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this article is to highlight the role of vitamin D, both prophylactic and curative, in the treatment of patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Even though its relevance is still unknown and causes various controversies, there is currently no specific treatment for patients diagnosed with COVID-19. There are various prevention strategies with new vaccination schedules, but additional randomized and clinical trials are still needed to combat this pandemic. In addition to the systemic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection, oral manifestations of this disease have also been described in the literature. The etiology of oral manifestations associated with COVID-19 infection and vitamin D deficiency remains controversial. In the present studies, oral manifestations such as salivary gland infections, aphthae, erythema, gingivitis, ulcers, etc. have been reported. This is a new topic, and the prevalence of manifestations is described in only a few studies, which is inconsistent with the number of COVID-19 cases reported since the beginning of the pandemic. The clinical symptomatology in patients with current COVID-19 infection is polymorphic. Whether the oral manifestation is directly caused by SARS-CoV-2 or a secondary manifestation remains an important topic to analyze and discuss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin Constantin Pinzariu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ivona Andreea Sova
- IOSUD Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Minela Aida Maranduca
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Nina Filip
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Biochemistry, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ilie Cristian Drochioi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Reconstructive, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700020 Iasi, Romania
| | - Calin George Vamesu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreea Clim
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Loredana Liliana Hurjui
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Moscalu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Radu Petru Soroceanu
- Department of Surgery I, Discipline of Surgical Semiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dragomir Nicolae Serban
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ionela Lacramioara Serban
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Papadopoulou SK, Mantzorou M, Kondyli-Sarika F, Alexandropoulou I, Papathanasiou J, Voulgaridou G, Nikolaidis PT. The Key Role of Nutritional Elements on Sport Rehabilitation and the Effects of Nutrients Intake. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10060084. [PMID: 35736824 PMCID: PMC9227980 DOI: 10.3390/sports10060084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate nutrition is of utmost importance for athletes, especially during rehabilitation after injury in order to achieve fast healing and return to sports. The aim of this narrative review is to define the proper nutritional elements for athletes to meet their needs and facilitate their fast return to sports after surgery or injury, as well as determine the effects of specific nutrients intake. Studies on antioxidants, which are substances that protect against free radicals, for the injured athlete are few and unclear, yet poly-phenols and especially flavonoids might improve healing and inflammation following an injury. Benefits of vitamin C or E on muscle damage are disputable in relevant studies, while optimal levels of vitamin D and calcium contribute to bone healing. Minerals are also essential for athletes. Other supplements suggested for muscle damage treatment and protein synthesis include leucine, creatine, and hydroxymethylbutyrate. Diets that include high-quality products, rich in micronutrients (like vitamins, minerals, etc.) bio-active compounds and other nutritional elements (like creatine) are suggested, while an individualized nutrition program prescribed by a trained dietitian is important. Further studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of these nutritional elements, especially regarding injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.P.); (F.K.-S.); (I.A.); (G.V.)
| | - Maria Mantzorou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece;
| | - Foivi Kondyli-Sarika
- Department Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.P.); (F.K.-S.); (I.A.); (G.V.)
| | - Ioanna Alexandropoulou
- Department Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.P.); (F.K.-S.); (I.A.); (G.V.)
| | - Jannis Papathanasiou
- Department of Medical Imaging, Allergology& Physiotherapy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Department of Kinesitherapy, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Gavriela Voulgaridou
- Department Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.P.); (F.K.-S.); (I.A.); (G.V.)
| | - Pantelis T. Nikolaidis
- School of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an updated overview of recent efficacy data on the use of muscle-targeted nutritional therapy, which should consider the optimization of protein and essential amino acids intakes, possibly in combination with supplementation with vitamin D (correction of deficiency/insufficiency status) and v-3 fatty acids. RECENT FINDINGS Intervention studies conducted in the last years in different healthcare settings and heterogeneous patient populations support the use of muscle-targeted oral nutritional supplementation to improve muscle mass, function and physical performance in patients with sarcopenia. Higher efficacy is likely to be achieved in combination with individually tailored resistance exercise training programs and when nutritional therapy and the provision of specific nutrients result in an adequate protein-calorie balance. However, not only a reactive but also a pro-active application of this therapy could be proposed as evidence exists on the maintenance of or improvement in the same outcome variables in patients at risk of losing skeletal muscle mass. SUMMARY Based on available efficacy data, both a reactive and pro-active use of muscle-targeted nutritional therapy are promising and should be proposed. However, future research should be directed toward the management of patient populations characterized by substantial muscle wasting, as these have been frequently excluded from previous trials, perhaps to avoid confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Cereda
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlínico San Matteo, Pavia
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Caccialanza
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlínico San Matteo, Pavia
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Gao Y, Chen Z, Ma Z, Zhang H. Vitamin D is Positively Associated with Bone Mineral Density Muscle Mass and Negatively with Insulin Resistance in Senile Diabetes Mellitus. Disease Markers 2022; 2022:1-5. [PMID: 35392498 PMCID: PMC8983190 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9231408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the correlations between vitamin D level and bone mineral density (BMD), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and muscle mass in patients with senile type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Totally, 80 patients with senile T2DM admitted to China-Japan Friendship Hospital from Jan 2020 to Oct 2021 were enrolled and assigned to the 25 (OH)D-deficiency group (n = 35) or 25(OH)D-normal group (n = 45) according to serum 25(OH)D level. BMD and HOMA-IR in the femur neck and muscle masses of upper and lower limbs were compared between the two groups, and Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to determine the relations between 25(OH)D and BMD, HOMA-IR, and muscle masses of upper and lower limbs. Results No notable difference was found between the two groups in general data including age, gender, diabetes duration, BMI, HBA 1c, and fasting insulin (all P > 0.05). Compared with the 25(OH)D-normal group, the 25 (OH)D-deficiency group showed a notably lower BMD in the femur neck, notably lower muscle masses of upper and lower limbs, and a notably higher HOMA-IR level (all P < 0.05). The Pearson's correlation analysis revealed positive associations between 25(OH)D and BMD and muscle masses of upper and lower limbs in patients with senile T2DM and a negative correlation between 25(OH)D and HOMA-IR (all P < 0.05). Conclusions The serum 25(OH)D decreases notably in patients with senile T2DM, and higher serum 25(OH)D level may improve insulin resistance, limb muscle masses, and bone density and thus maintain bone health.
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