1
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Zhao Y, Hadavi D, Dijkgraaf I, Honing M. Coupling of surface plasmon resonance and mass spectrometry for molecular interaction studies in drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2024:104027. [PMID: 38762085 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Various analytical technologies have been developed for the study of target-ligand interactions. The combination of these technologies gives pivotal information on the binding mechanism, kinetics, affinity, residence time, and changes in molecular structures. Mass spectrometry (MS) offers structural information, enabling the identification and quantification of target-ligand interactions. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) provides kinetic information on target-ligand interaction in real time. The coupling of MS and SPR complements each other in the studies of target-ligand interactions. Over the last two decades, the capabilities and added values of SPR-MS have been reported. This review summarizes and highlights the benefits, applications, and potential for further research of the SPR-MS approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuandi Zhao
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging (M4i) Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Darya Hadavi
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging (M4i) Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ingrid Dijkgraaf
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Honing
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging (M4i) Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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2
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Tsai PC, Chen RLC, Hsieh BC, Cheng TJ. Nitrocellulose/acrylic resin coated screen-printed carbon electrode to construct a capacitive immunosensor for anti-BSA. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 258:116376. [PMID: 38739999 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The capacitive immunosensor, known for its label-free simplicity, has great potential for point-of-care diagnostics. However, the interaction between insulation and recognition layers on the sensing electrode greatly affects its performance. This study introduces a pioneering dual-layer strategy, implementing a novel combination of acrylic resin (AR) and nitrocellulose (NC) coatings on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). This innovative approach not only enhances the dielectric properties of the capacitive sensor but also streamlines the immobilization of recognizing elements. Particularly noteworthy is the superior reliability and insulation offered by the AR coating, surpassing the limitations of traditional self-assembled monolayer (SAM) modifications. This dual-layer methodology establishes a robust foundation for constructing capacitive sensors optimized specifically for liquid medium-based biosensing applications. The NC coating in this study represents a breakthrough in effectively immobilizing BSA, unraveling the capacitive response intricately linked to the quantity of adsorbed recognizing elements. The results underscore the prowess of the proposed immunosensor, showcasing a meticulously defined linear calibration curve for anti-BSA (ranging from 0 to 25 μg/ml). Additionally, specific interactions with anti-HAS and anti-TNF-α further validate the versatility and efficacy of the developed immunosensor. This work presents a streamlined and highly efficient protocol for developing label-free immunosensors for antibody determination and introduces a paradigm shift by utilizing readily available electrodes and sensing systems. The findings are poised to catalyze a significant acceleration in the advancement of biosensor technology, opening new avenues for innovative applications in point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chia Tsai
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Richie L C Chen
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Chuan Hsieh
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Jih Cheng
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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3
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Oliveira SC, Soares S, Rodrigues ACM, Gonçalves BV, Soares AMVM, Santos N, Kumar S, Almeida P, Marques C. Optical fiber immunosensors based on surface plasmon resonance for the detection of Escherichia coli. Opt Express 2024; 32:10077-10092. [PMID: 38571228 DOI: 10.1364/oe.518723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Every year, millions of people suffer some form of illness associated with the consumption of contaminated food. Escherichia coli (E. coli), found in the intestines of humans and other animals, is commonly associated with various diseases, due to the existence of pathogenic strains. Strict monitoring of food products for human consumption is essential to ensure public health, but traditional cell culture-based methods are associated with long waiting times and high costs. New approaches must be developed to achieve cheap, fast, and on-site monitoring. Thus, in this work, we developed optical fiber sensors based on surface plasmon resonance. Gold and cysteamine-coated fibers were functionalized with anti-E. coli antibody and tested using E. coli suspensions with concentrations ranging from 1 cell/mL to 105 cells/mL. An average logarithmic sensitivity of 0.21 ± 0.01 nm/log(cells/mL) was obtained for three independent assays. An additional assay revealed that including molybdenum disulfide resulted in an increase of approximately 50% in sensitivity. Specificity and selectivity were also evaluated, and the sensors were used to analyze contaminated water samples, which verified their promising applicability in the aquaculture field.
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4
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Yuan X, Niu Z, Liu L, Zeng Y, Ma L, Nie Z, Tian Z, Kai D, Zhang F, Liu G, Li S, Yuan Z. Intensity Interrogation-Based High-Sensitivity Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging Biosensor for Apoptosis Detection in Cancer. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:946. [PMID: 37887139 PMCID: PMC10605221 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Intensity interrogation-based surface plasmon resonance imaging (ISPRi) sensing has a simple schematic design and is the most widely used surface plasmon resonance technology at present. In this study, we report the successful development of a novel high-sensitivity ISPRi biosensor and its application for apoptosis detection in cancer cells. By optimizing the excitation wavelength and excitation angle, we achieved a refractive index resolution (RIR) of 5.20 × 10-6 RIU. Importantly, the biosensor has been tested and validated for high-throughput and label-free detection of activated caspase-3 with its specific inhibitor Z-DEVD-FMK in apoptotic cells. Therefore, this study describes a novel molecular imaging system to monitor apoptosis in cancers for disease diagnosis and/or evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yuan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.Y.); (L.L.)
| | - Zhenxiao Niu
- School of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.N.); (L.M.); (Z.N.); (D.K.); (F.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Lang Liu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.Y.); (L.L.)
| | - Youjun Zeng
- School of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.N.); (L.M.); (Z.N.); (D.K.); (F.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Lin Ma
- School of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.N.); (L.M.); (Z.N.); (D.K.); (F.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Zhaogang Nie
- School of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.N.); (L.M.); (Z.N.); (D.K.); (F.Z.); (G.L.)
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China;
| | - Zhen Tian
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China;
| | - Dongyun Kai
- School of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.N.); (L.M.); (Z.N.); (D.K.); (F.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Fangteng Zhang
- School of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.N.); (L.M.); (Z.N.); (D.K.); (F.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Guanyu Liu
- School of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.N.); (L.M.); (Z.N.); (D.K.); (F.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Siwei Li
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Zhuhai City Polytechnic, Zhuhai 519000, China;
| | - Zhengqiang Yuan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.Y.); (L.L.)
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5
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Igarashi A, Abe M, Kuroiwa S, Ohashi K, Yamada H. Enhancement of Refractive Index Sensitivity Using Small Footprint S-Shaped Double-Spiral Resonators for Biosensing. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:6177. [PMID: 37448026 DOI: 10.3390/s23136177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an S-shaped double-spiral microresonator (DSR) for detecting small volumes of analytes, such as liquids or gases, penetrating a microfluidic channel. Optical-ring resonators have been applied as label-free and high-sensitivity biosensors by using an evanescent field for sensing the refractive index of analytes. Enlarging the ring resonator size is a solution for amplifying the interactions between the evanescent field and biomolecules to obtain a higher refractive index sensitivity of the attached analytes. However, it requires a large platform of a hundred square millimeters, and 99% of the cavity area would not involve evanescent field sensing. In this report, we demonstrate the novel design of a Si-based S-shaped double-spiral resonator on a silicon-on-insulator substrate for which the cavity size was 41.6 µm × 88.4 µm. The proposed resonator footprint was reduced by 680 times compared to a microring resonator with the same cavity area. The fabricated resonator exposed more sensitive optical characteristics for refractive index biosensing thanks to the enhanced contact interface by a long cavity length of DSR structures. High quality factors of 1.8 × 104 were demonstrated for 1.2 mm length DSR structures, which were more than two times higher than the quality factors of microring resonators. A bulk sensitivity of 1410 nm/RIU was calculated for detecting 1 µL IPA solutions inside a 200 µm wide microchannel by using the DSR cavity, which had more than a 10-fold higher sensitivity than the sensitivity of the microring resonators. A DSR device was also used for the detection of 100 ppm acetone gas inside a closed bottle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Igarashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Maho Abe
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kuroiwa
- R&D Group, KOKOROMI Inc., Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
| | - Keishi Ohashi
- R&D Group, KOKOROMI Inc., Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
| | - Hirohito Yamada
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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6
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Bonneville DB, Albert M, Arbi R, Munir M, Segat Frare BL, Miarabbas Kiani K, Frankis HC, Knights AP, Turak A, Sask KN, Bradley JDB. Hybrid silicon-tellurium-dioxide DBR resonators coated in PMMA for biological sensing. Biomed Opt Express 2023; 14:1545-1561. [PMID: 37078058 PMCID: PMC10110299 DOI: 10.1364/boe.485824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on silicon waveguide distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) cavities hybridized with a tellurium dioxide (TeO2) cladding and coated in plasma functionalized poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) for label free biological sensors. We describe the device structure and fabrication steps, including reactive sputtering of TeO2 and spin coating and plasma functionalization of PMMA on foundry processed Si chips, as well as the characterization of two DBR designs via thermal, water, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein sensing. Plasma treatment on the PMMA films was shown to decrease the water droplet contact angle from ∼70 to ∼35°, increasing hydrophilicity for liquid sensing, while adding functional groups on the surface of the sensors intended to assist with immobilization of BSA molecules. Thermal, water and protein sensing were demonstrated on two DBR designs, including waveguide-connected sidewall (SW) and waveguide-adjacent multi-piece (MP) gratings. Limits of detection of 60 and 300 × 10-4 RIU were measured via water sensing, and thermal sensitivities of 0.11 and 0.13 nm/°C were measured from 25-50 °C for SW and MP DBR cavities, respectively. Plasma treatment was shown to enable protein immobilization and sensing of BSA molecules at a concentration of 2 µg/mL diluted in phosphate buffered saline, demonstrating a ∼1.6 nm resonance shift and subsequent full recovery to baseline after stripping the proteins with sodium dodecyl sulfate for a MP DBR device. These results are a promising step towards active and laser-based sensors using rare-earth-doped TeO2 in silicon photonic circuits, which can be subsequently coated in PMMA and functionalized via plasma treatment for label free biological sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawson B. Bonneville
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7,
Canada
| | - Mitchell Albert
- Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Ramis Arbi
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7,
Canada
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7,
Canada
| | - Bruno L. Segat Frare
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7,
Canada
| | - Khadijeh Miarabbas Kiani
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7,
Canada
| | - Henry C. Frankis
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7,
Canada
| | - Andrew P. Knights
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7,
Canada
| | - Ayse Turak
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7,
Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Kyla N. Sask
- Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jonathan D. B. Bradley
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7,
Canada
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7
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Guo H, Zhao Y, Chang JS, Lee DJ. Enzymes and enzymatic mechanisms in enzymatic degradation of lignocellulosic biomass: A mini-review. Bioresour Technol 2023; 367:128252. [PMID: 36334864 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis is the key step limiting the efficiency of the biorefinery of lignocellulosic biomass. Enzymes involved in enzymatic hydrolysis and their interactions with biomass should be comprehended to form the basis for looking for strategies to improve process efficiency. This article updates the contemporary research on the properties of key enzymes in the lignocellulose biorefinery and their interactions with biomass, adsorption, and hydrolysis. The advanced analytical techniques to track the interactions for exploiting mechanisms are discussed. The challenges and prospects for future research are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Guo
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-li 32003, Taiwan.
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8
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Puumala LS, Grist SM, Morales JM, Bickford JR, Chrostowski L, Shekhar S, Cheung KC. Biofunctionalization of Multiplexed Silicon Photonic Biosensors. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 13:bios13010053. [PMID: 36671887 PMCID: PMC9855810 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Silicon photonic (SiP) sensors offer a promising platform for robust and low-cost decentralized diagnostics due to their high scalability, low limit of detection, and ability to integrate multiple sensors for multiplexed analyte detection. Their CMOS-compatible fabrication enables chip-scale miniaturization, high scalability, and low-cost mass production. Sensitive, specific detection with silicon photonic sensors is afforded through biofunctionalization of the sensor surface; consequently, this functionalization chemistry is inextricably linked to sensor performance. In this review, we first highlight the biofunctionalization needs for SiP biosensors, including sensitivity, specificity, cost, shelf-stability, and replicability and establish a set of performance criteria. We then benchmark biofunctionalization strategies for SiP biosensors against these criteria, organizing the review around three key aspects: bioreceptor selection, immobilization strategies, and patterning techniques. First, we evaluate bioreceptors, including antibodies, aptamers, nucleic acid probes, molecularly imprinted polymers, peptides, glycans, and lectins. We then compare adsorption, bioaffinity, and covalent chemistries for immobilizing bioreceptors on SiP surfaces. Finally, we compare biopatterning techniques for spatially controlling and multiplexing the biofunctionalization of SiP sensors, including microcontact printing, pin- and pipette-based spotting, microfluidic patterning in channels, inkjet printing, and microfluidic probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S. Puumala
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Samantha M. Grist
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Dream Photonics Inc., Vancouver, BC V6T 0A7, Canada
| | - Jennifer M. Morales
- Army Research Laboratory, US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, 2800 Powder Mill Rd., Adelphi, MD 20783, USA
| | - Justin R. Bickford
- Army Research Laboratory, US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, 2800 Powder Mill Rd., Adelphi, MD 20783, USA
| | - Lukas Chrostowski
- Dream Photonics Inc., Vancouver, BC V6T 0A7, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sudip Shekhar
- Dream Photonics Inc., Vancouver, BC V6T 0A7, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Karen C. Cheung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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9
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Puumala LS, Grist SM, Wickremasinghe K, Al-Qadasi MA, Chowdhury SJ, Liu Y, Mitchell M, Chrostowski L, Shekhar S, Cheung KC. An Optimization Framework for Silicon Photonic Evanescent-Field Biosensors Using Sub-Wavelength Gratings. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:bios12100840. [PMID: 36290977 PMCID: PMC9599562 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Silicon photonic (SiP) evanescent-field biosensors aim to combine the information-rich readouts offered by lab-scale diagnostics, at a significantly lower cost, and with the portability and rapid time to result offered by paper-based assays. While SiP biosensors fabricated with conventional strip waveguides can offer good sensitivity for label-free detection in some applications, there is still opportunity for improvement. Efforts have been made to design higher-sensitivity SiP sensors with alternative waveguide geometries, including sub-wavelength gratings (SWGs). However, SWG-based devices are fragile and prone to damage, limiting their suitability for scalable and portable sensing. Here, we investigate SiP microring resonator sensors designed with SWG waveguides that contain a "fishbone" and highlight the improved robustness offered by this design. We present a framework for optimizing fishbone-style SWG waveguide geometries based on numerical simulations, then experimentally measure the performance of ring resonator sensors fabricated with the optimized waveguides, targeting operation in the O-band and C-band. For the O-band and C-band devices, we report bulk sensitivities up to 349 nm/RIU and 438 nm/RIU, respectively, and intrinsic limits of detection as low as 5.1 × 10-4 RIU and 7.1 × 10-4 RIU, respectively. This performance is comparable to the state of the art in SWG-based sensors, positioning fishbone SWG resonators as an attractive, more robust, alternative to conventional SWG designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S. Puumala
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 251-2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Samantha M. Grist
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 251-2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Dream Photonics Inc., Vancouver, BC V6T 0A7, Canada
| | - Kithmin Wickremasinghe
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 5500-2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mohammed A. Al-Qadasi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 5500-2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sheri Jahan Chowdhury
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 5500-2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yifei Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 5500-2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Matthew Mitchell
- Dream Photonics Inc., Vancouver, BC V6T 0A7, Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Lukas Chrostowski
- Dream Photonics Inc., Vancouver, BC V6T 0A7, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 5500-2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sudip Shekhar
- Dream Photonics Inc., Vancouver, BC V6T 0A7, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 5500-2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Karen C. Cheung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 251-2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 5500-2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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10
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Wang C, Liu J, Zhang Z. Transmission characteristics of femtosecond laser pulses in a polymer waveguide. Opt Express 2022; 30:31396-31406. [PMID: 36242222 DOI: 10.1364/oe.467884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond lasers have been widely employed in scientific and industrial applications, including the study of material properties, fabrication of structures on the sub-micrometer scale, surgical and medical treatment, etc. In these applications, the ultrafast laser is implemented either in free space or via an optical fiber-based channel. To investigate the light-matter interaction on a chip-based dimension, laser pulses with extremely high peak power need to be injected into an integrated optical waveguide. This requires the waveguide to be transparent and linear at this power, but also capable of providing a highly efficient and reliable interface for fiber-chip coupling. Contrary to the common belief that polymer materials may suffer from stability issues, we show that a polymer waveguide fabricated under simple and low-cost technology using only commercial materials can indeed transmit femtosecond laser pulses with similar characteristics as low-power continuous-wave laser. The coupling efficiency with a lensed fiber is ∼76% per facet. The pulse broadening effect in the polymer waveguide is also well fitted by the material and waveguide dispersion without nonlinear behavior. This study paves the way for developing a low-cost, highly efficient, polymer-based waveguide platform for the investigation of ultrafast phenomena on a chip.
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11
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Bassi MDJ, Araujo Todo Bom M, Terribile Budel ML, Maltempi de Souza E, Müller dos Santos M, Roman LS. Optical Biosensor for the Detection of Infectious Diseases Using the Copolymer F8T2 with Application to COVID-19. Sensors 2022; 22:5673. [PMID: 35957230 PMCID: PMC9370833 DOI: 10.3390/s22155673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has accelerated the development of biosensors based on new materials and techniques. Here, we present our effort to develop a fast and affordable optical biosensor using photoluminescence spectroscopy for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection. The biosensor was fabricated with a thin layer of the semiconductor polymer Poly[(9,9-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-2,2′-bithiophene-5,5′-diyl)] (F8T2) as a signal transducer material. We mounted the biosensors by depositing a layer of F8T2 and an engineered version of RBD from the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with a tag to promote hydrophobic interaction between the protein and the polymeric surface. We validated the biosensor sensitivity with decreasing anti-RBD polyclonal IgG concentrations and challenged the biosensor specificity with human serum samples from both COVID-19 negative and positive individuals. The antibody binding to the immobilized antigen shifted the F8T2 photoluminescence spectrum even at the low concentration of 0.0125 µg/mL. A volume as small as one drop of serum (100 µL) was sufficient to distinguish a positive from a negative sample without requiring multiple washing steps and secondary antibody reactions.
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