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Mariana M, Lorigo M, Feiteiro J, Castelo-Branco M, Soares AM, Cairrao E. Adverse cardiovascular effects of long-term exposure to diethyl phthalate in the rat aorta. Chemosphere 2023; 340:139904. [PMID: 37611763 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are classified as priority environmental pollutants, since they are ubiquitous in the environment, have endocrine disrupting properties and can contribute to impaired health. Used primarily in personal care products and excipients for pharmaceuticals, diethyl phthalate (DEP) is a short-chain alkyl phthalate that has been linked to decreased blood pressure, glucose tolerance, and increased gestational weight gain in humans, while in animals it has been associated with atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome. Although all these findings are related to risk factors or cardiovascular diseases, DEP's vascular impacts still need to be clarified. Thus, performing ex vivo and in vitro experiments, we aimed to understand the vascular DEP effects in rat. To evaluate the vascular contractility of rat aorta exposed to different doses of DEP (0.001-1000 μM), an organs bath was used; and resorting to a cell line of the rat aorta vascular smooth muscle, electrophysiology experiments were performed to analyse the effects of a rapid (within minutes with no genomic effects) and a long-term (24 h with genomic effects) exposure of DEP on the L-type Ca2+ current (ICa,L), and the expression of several genes related with the vascular function. For the first time, vascular electrophysiological properties of an EDC were analysed after a long-term genomic exposure. The results show a hormetic response of DEP, inducing a Ca2+ current inhibition of the rat aorta, which may be responsible for impaired cardiovascular electrical health. Thus, these findings contribute to a greater scientific knowledge about DEP's effects in the cardiovascular system, specifically its implications in the development of electrical disturbances like arrhythmias and its possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Mariana
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; FCS-UBI - Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Margarida Lorigo
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; FCS-UBI - Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Joana Feiteiro
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; FCS-UBI - Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; FCS-UBI - Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Amadeu M Soares
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Elisa Cairrao
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; FCS-UBI - Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.
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Guo J, Min CG, Zhang KY, Zhan CL, Wang YC, Hou SK, Ma X, Lu WF. Tetrabromobisphenol Exposure Impairs Bovine Oocyte Maturation by Inducing Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 36432212 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol (TBBPA) is the most widely used brominated flame retardant in the world and displays toxicity to humans and animals. However, few studies have focused on its impact on oocyte maturation. Here, TBBPA was added to the culture medium of bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) to examine its effect on oocytes. We found that TBBPA exposure displayed an adverse influence on oocyte maturation and subsequent embryonic development. The results of this study showed that TBBPA exposure induced oocyte meiotic failure by disturbing the polar-body extrusion of oocytes and the expansion of cumulus cells. We further found that TBBPA exposure led to defective spindle assembly and chromosome alignment. Meanwhile, TBBPA induced oxidative stress and early apoptosis by mediating the expression of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). TBBPA exposure also caused mitochondrial dysfunction, displaying a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial content, mtDNA copy number, and ATP levels, which are regulated by the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 3 (PDK3). In addition, the developmental competence of oocytes and the quality of blastocysts were also reduced after TBBPA treatment. These results demonstrated that TBBPA exposure impaired oocyte maturation and developmental competence by disrupting both nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of the oocyte, which might have been caused by oxidative stress induced by mitochondrial dysfunction.
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