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Su J, Chen XM, Xie YL, Li MQ, Shang Q, Zhang DK, Cai XF, Liu H, Huang HZ, Zheng C, Han L. Clinical efficacy, pharmacodynamic components, and molecular mechanisms of antiviral granules in the treatment of influenza: A systematic review. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 318:117011. [PMID: 37567423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Antiviral Granules (AG) are derived from the classical famous prescription, which is composed of 9 traditional Chinese medicines, namely Radix Isatidis (called Banlangen, BLG in Chinese), Forsythiae Fructus (called Lianqiao, LQ in Chinese), Gypsum fibrosum, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (called Zhimu, ZM in Chinese), Phragmitis Rhizoma (called Lugen, LG in Chinese), Rehmanniae Radix (called Dihuang, DH in Chinese), Pogostemonis Herba (called Guanghuoxiang, GHX in Chinese), Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (called Shichangpu, SCP in Chinese), and Curcumae Radix (called Yujin, YJ in Chinese), and has shown an excellent therapeutic effect in clinical treatment of influenza. However, there are few studies on the anti-influenza mechanism of AG, and the mechanism of action is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose is to provide the latest information about the clinical efficacy, pharmacodynamic composition and mechanism of AG based on scientific literature, so as to enhance the utilization of AG in the treatment of influenza and related diseases, and promote the development and innovation of novel anti-influenza drugs targeting the influenza virus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enter the data retrieval room, search for Antiviral Granules, as well as the scientific names, common names, and Chinese names of each Chinese medicine. Additionally, search for the relevant clinical applications, pharmacodynamic composition, pharmacological action, and molecular mechanism of both Antiviral Granules and single-ingredient medicines. Keywords includes terms such as "antiviral granules", "influenza", "Isatis indigotica Fort.", "Radix Isatidis", "Banlangeng", "pharmacology", "clinical application", "pharmacologic action", etc. and their combinations. Obtain results from the Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Sci Finder Scholar, CNKI and other resources. RESULTS AG is effective in the treatment of influenza and is often used in combination with other drugs to treat viral diseases. Its chemical composition is complex, including alkaloids, polysaccharides, volatile oils, steroid saponins, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids and other compounds. These compounds have a variety of pharmacological activities, which can interfere with the replication cycle of the influenza virus, regulate RIG-I-MAVS, JAK/STAT, TLRs/MyD88, NF-κB signaling pathways and related cytokines, regulate intestinal microorganisms, and protect both the lungs and extrapulmonary organs. CONCLUSIONS AG can overcome the limitations of traditional antiviral drug therapy, play a synergistic role in fighting influenza virus with the characteristics of multi-component, multi-pathway and multi-target therapy, and reverse the bodily function damage caused by influenza virus. AG may be a potential drug in the prevention and treatment of influenza and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xin-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yi-Ling Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Meng-Qi Li
- Pharmacy Department, Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu, 610100, China
| | - Qiang Shang
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Antiviral Chinese Medicine Industrialization, Sichuan Guangda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Pengzhou, 611930, China
| | - Ding-Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Innovative Re-development of Famous Classical Formulas, Tianfu TCM Innovation Harbour, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pengzhou, 611930, China
| | - Xin-Fu Cai
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Antiviral Chinese Medicine Industrialization, Sichuan Guangda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Pengzhou, 611930, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hao-Zhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy/Academy for Interdiscipline, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, 620010, China.
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Li L, Wang M, Chen J, Chen J, Wang Y, Zhao M, Song Q, Xu S. Therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine on heat stroke. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1228943. [PMID: 37818183 PMCID: PMC10561393 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1228943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As global warming progresses, heat waves are becoming increasingly frequent and intense, meanwhile the incidence of heat stroke (HS) has increased sharply during the past decades. HS is typically associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and there is an urgent need for further research to solve this difficult issue. There currently exists difficulties regarding on-site emergency treatment methods and limited in-hospital treatment approaches, and better treatments are required as soon as possible. Theories and therapies from various traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) academic groups have been widely reported. Therefore, an exploration of prevention and protection methods should consider TCM experiences as an alternative. This article primarily reviews TCM herbal therapies and external therapies that have been described in various clinical reports and demonstrated in relevant studies. Herbal therapies, including herbal formulas, Chinese patent medicines (CPMs), single Chinese herbs, and associated extracts or monomers, are summarized based on the shared perspectives of the underlying mechanisms from TCM. In addition, external therapies including acupuncture, bloodletting, cupping, Gua sha and Tui na that have rarely been rarely mentioned and considered in most cases, are introduced and discussed to offer a unique perspective in the search for novel interventions for HS. In summary, TCM may provide abundant potential clinical benefits and research directions in the fight against HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Emergency, The Second Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Sanya, China
- Heatstroke Treatment and Research Center of PLA, Sanya, China
| | - Man Wang
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jikuai Chen
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juelin Chen
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghao Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Song
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Heatstroke Treatment and Research Center of PLA, Sanya, China
| | - Shuogui Xu
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Wang S, Hou K, Gui S, Ma Y, Wang S, Zhao S, Zhu X. Insulin-like growth factor 1 in heat stress-induced neuroinflammation: novel perspective about the neuroprotective role of chromium. Stress Biol 2023; 3:23. [PMID: 37676529 PMCID: PMC10441889 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) can cause a series of stress responses, resulting in numerous negative effects on the body, such as the diminished food intake, carcass quality and reproductive capacity. In addition to the negative effects on the peripheral system, HS leads to central nervous system (CNS) disorders given its toll on neuroinflammation. This neuroinflammatory process is mainly mediated by microglia and astrocytes, which are involved in the activation of glial cells and the secretion of cytokines. While the regulation of inflammatory signaling has a close relationship with the expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), HS-induced neuroinflammation is closely related to the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Moreover, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are key players in the development of neuroinflammation. Chromium (Cr) has been widely shown to have neuroprotective effects in both humans and animals, despite the lack of mechanistic evidence. Evidence has shown that Cr supplementation can increase the levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a major neurotrophic factor with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This review highlights recent advances in the attenuating effects and potential mechanisms of Cr-mediated IGF-1 actions on HS-induced neuroinflammation, providing presently existing evidence supporting the neuroprotective role of Cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Kanghui Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Siqi Gui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yue Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shanting Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Tang S, Ren J, Kong L, Yan G, Liu C, Han Y, Sun H, Wang XJ. Ephedrae Herba: A Review of Its Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Clinical Application, and Alkaloid Toxicity. Molecules 2023; 28. [PMID: 36677722 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ephedrae Herba (Ephedra), known as "MaHuang" in China, is the dried straw stem that is associated with the lung and urinary bladder meridians. At present, more than 60 species of Ephedra plants have been identified, which contain more than 100 compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, sugars, and organic phenolic acids. This herb has long been used to treat asthma, liver disease, skin disease, and other diseases, and has shown unique efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19 infection. Because alkaloids are the main components causing toxicity, the safety of Ephedra must be considered. However, the nonalkaloid components of Ephedra can be effectively used to replace ephedrine extracts to treat some diseases, and reasonable use can ensure the safety of Ephedra. We reviewed the phytochemistry, pharmacology, clinical application, and alkaloid toxicity of Ephedra, and describe prospects for its future development to facilitate the development of Ephedra.
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Huo J, Wang T, Wei B, Shi X, Yang A, Chen D, Hu J, Zhu H. Integrated network pharmacology and intestinal flora analysis to determine the protective effect of Xuanbai-Chengqi decoction on lung and gut injuries in influenza virus-infected mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 298:115649. [PMID: 35987410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xuanbai-Chengqi decoction (XBCQ) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound used in the treatment of pulmonary infection in China. Despite the popular usage of XBCQ, its underlying protective roles and the associated molecular mechanisms with the gut-lung axis in influenza remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to explore the protective effects and the underlying mechanism of XBCQ efficacy on lung and intestine injuries induced by influenza A virus as well as to identify the main active components through integrated network pharmacology, intestinal flora analysis and pathway validation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The potential active components and therapeutic targets of XBCQ in the treatment of influenza were hypothesized through a series of network pharmacological strategies, including components screening, targets prediction and bioinformatics analysis. Inflammatory cytokines and pathway proteins were assayed to validate the results of network pharmacology. Then the mechanism of XBCQ alleviating lung and intestine injuries was further explored via intestinal flora analysis. The important role of Rhubarb in the formula was verified by removing Rhubarb. RESULTS XBCQ could significantly improve the survival rate in IAV-infected mice. The network pharmacology results demonstrated that JUN, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are the key targets of XBCQ that can be useful in influenza treatment as it contains the core components luteolin, emodin, and aloe-emodin, which are related to the pathways of TNF, T-cell receptor (TCR), and NF-κB. Verification experiments demonstrated that XBCQ could significantly alleviate the immune injury of the lungs and the gut of the mice, which is attributable to the inhibition of the release of inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), the downregulation of the protein expression levels of Toll-like receptors-7 (TLR7), MyD88, and p-NF-κB65, and the reduction in the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Proteus, while an increase in that of Firmicutes and Lachnospiraceae. The overall protective role of XBCQ contributing to the treatment of the lungs and the gut was impaired when Rhubarb was removed from XBCQ. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the efficacy of XBCQ is related to the inhibition of the immune injury and remodeling of the intestinal flora, wherein Rhubarb plays an important role, which cumulatively provide the evidence applicable for the treatment of viral pneumonia induced by a different respiratory virus with XBCQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlin Huo
- Preclinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200# Cailun Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Biological Medicines, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728# Jinke Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Bokai Wei
- Preclinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200# Cailun Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Xunlong Shi
- Department of Biological Medicines, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728# Jinke Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Aidong Yang
- Preclinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200# Cailun Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Daofeng Chen
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728# Jinke Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
| | - Jing Hu
- Preclinical Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200# Cailun Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Biological Medicines, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 3728# Jinke Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
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Park S, Shon D, Ryu Y, Ko Y. Extract of Ephedra sinica Stapf Induces Browning of Mouse and Human White Adipocytes. Foods 2022; 11:1028. [PMID: 35407115 PMCID: PMC8998140 DOI: 10.3390/foods11071028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Browning of adipocytes using herbal extracts is an attractive and realistic strategy for obesity treatment. Ephedra sinica Stapf (E. sinica) is an Asian traditional medicine known to activate brown adipocytes. To evaluate the effect of E. sinica (EEs) on the browning of white adipocytes, expression levels of browning markers, including uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), were determined using qPCR, Western blot, and immunocytochemistry after mature mouse inguinal preadipocyte (mIPA) and human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) were treated with EEs. In addition, mitochondrial activity was determined by analyzing MitoTracker staining, mtDNA copy number, and oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Treatment with EEs suppressed lipid accumulation and expression levels of adipogenic markers, including Pparg, during mIPA differentiation. In mature mIPA and hADSCs browning markers, including Ucp1, were up-regulated by EEs. In addition, EEs increased expression of mitochondrial genes, mtDNA copy number, and OCR. EEs showed a dual function: inhibiting adipogenesis in immature preadipocytes, and promoting thermogenesis via browning in mature white adipocytes. Therefore, E. sinica is a potential herb for regulating energy metabolism by inducing the browning process.
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Zheng Y, Jin D, Lin J, Zhang Y, Tian J, Lian F, Tong X. Understanding COVID-19 in Wuhan From the Perspective of Cold-Dampness: Clinical Evidences and Mechanisms. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:617659. [PMID: 33693014 PMCID: PMC7939017 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.617659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played a significant role in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan City. During the epidemic, Academician Tong Xiaolin suggested a close association of COVID-19 with cold-dampness, an etiological factor in TCM, by summarizing the characteristics of the COVID-19 patients in Wuhan. and the theory of Cold-dampness Plague was proposed. Based on the Cold-dampness Plague theory, a series of TCM drugs, such as Huoxiang Zhengqi Dropping Pills, Lianhua Qingwen Granules Hanshiyi Formula, and Tongzhi Granule were developed for the different stages, namely mild, moderate, severe, recovery, of the COVID-19. In addition, clinical evidences were obtained through randomized clinical trials or retrospective cohort studies. The Anti-SARS-CoV-2 mechanism of the TCM prescriptions were then summarized from the four aspects: targeting the ACE2 and 3CLPro, targeting cytokines, targeting acute immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, and targeting pulmonary fibrosis. Despite the clinical efficacy and therapeutic pharmacology speculation, more studies such as large-scale randomized clinical trials, cell and animal experiments are needed to further verify the theory of the Cold-dampness Plague in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - De Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaran Lin
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxing Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang DH, Zhang X, Peng B, Deng SQ, Wang YF, Yang L, Zhang KZ, Ling CQ, Wu KL. Network pharmacology suggests biochemical rationale for treating COVID-19 symptoms with a Traditional Chinese Medicine. Commun Biol 2020; 3:466. [PMID: 32811894 PMCID: PMC7434773 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01190-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese herbal formulas including the lung-cleaning and toxicity-excluding (LCTE) soup have played an important role in treating the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic (caused by SARS-CoV-2) in China. Applying LCTE outside of China may prove challenging due to the unfamiliar rationale behind its application in terms of Traditional Chinese Medicine. To overcome this barrier, a biochemical understanding of the clinical effects of LCTE is needed. Here, we explore the chemical compounds present in the reported LCTE ingredients and the proteins targeted by these compounds via a network pharmacology analysis. Our results indicate that LCTE contains compounds with the potential to directly inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and inflammation, and that the compound targets proteins highly related to COVID-19’s main symptoms. We predict the general effect of LCTE is to affect the pathways involved in viral and other microbial infections, inflammation/cytokine response, and lung diseases. Our work provides a biochemical basis for using LCTE to treat COVID-19 and its main symptoms. Deng-hai Zhang et al. report a network pharmacology analysis of the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) lung-cleaning and toxicity-excluding (LCTE) soup. By exploring the chemical compounds that make up LCTE and the likely pathways and proteins that they target, the authors show that LCTE may have the potential to directly inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 virus and relieve inflammatory symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Hai Zhang
- Shanghai Health Commission Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Based Management of Inflammation and Chronic Diseases, Sino-French Cooperative Central Lab, Shanghai Pudong Gongli Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, 200135, Shanghai, China. .,Post-graduate Training Base in Shanghai Gongli, Post-Graduate College, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, Ningxia Province, China.
| | - Xue Zhang
- Shanghai Health Commission Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Based Management of Inflammation and Chronic Diseases, Sino-French Cooperative Central Lab, Shanghai Pudong Gongli Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, 200135, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Shanghai Health Commission Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Based Management of Inflammation and Chronic Diseases, Sino-French Cooperative Central Lab, Shanghai Pudong Gongli Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, 200135, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Qiong Deng
- Department of Research Affair Management, Shanghai Pudong Gongli Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, 200135, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Fang Wang
- Post-graduate Training Base in Shanghai Gongli, Post-Graduate College, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, Ningxia Province, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Post-graduate Training Base in Shanghai Gongli, Post-Graduate College, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, Ningxia Province, China
| | - Kai-Zheng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang-Quan Ling
- The Traditional Chinese Medicines of Changhai Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun-Lun Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Pudong Gongli Hospital, China, Secondary Military Medical University, 200135, Shanghai, China
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