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D’Apice MR, De Dominicis A, Murdocca M, Amati F, Botta A, Sangiuolo F, Lattanzi G, Federici M, Novelli G. Cutaneous and metabolic defects associated with nuclear abnormalities in a transgenic mouse model expressing R527H lamin A mutation causing mandibuloacral dysplasia type A (MADA) syndrome. Acta Myol 2020; 39:320-335. [PMID: 33458588 PMCID: PMC7783430 DOI: 10.36185/2532-1900-036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
LMNA gene encodes for lamin A/C, attractive proteins linked to nuclear structure and functions. When mutated, it causes different rare diseases called laminopathies. In particular, an Arginine change in Histidine in position 527 (p.Arg527His) falling in the C-terminal domain of lamin A precursor form (prelamin A) causes mandibuloacral dysplasia Type A (MADA), a segmental progeroid syndrome characterized by skin, bone and metabolic anomalies. The well-characterized cellular models made difficult to assess the tissue-specific functions of 527His prelamin A. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of a MADA transgenic mouse overexpressing 527His LMNA gene, encoding mutated prelamin A. Bodyweight is slightly affected, while no difference in lifespan was observed in transgenic animals. Mild metabolic anomalies and thinning and loss of hairs from the back were the other observed phenotypic MADA manifestations. Histological analysis of tissues relevant for MADA syndrome revealed slight increase in adipose tissue inflammatory cells and a reduction of hypodermis due to a loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue. At cellular levels, transgenic cutaneous fibroblasts displayed nuclear envelope aberrations, presence of prelamin A, proliferation, and senescence rate defects. Gene transcriptional pattern was found differentially modulated between transgenic and wildtype animals, too. In conclusion, the presence of 527His Prelamin A accumulation is further linked to the appearance of mild progeroid features and metabolic disorder without lifespan reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michela Murdocca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Amati
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Botta
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Sangiuolo
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Tor Vergata Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- Center for Atherosclerosis, School of Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Center for Atherosclerosis, School of Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Tor Vergata Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- Neuromed IRCCS Institute, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
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D'Apice MR, De Dominicis A, Murdocca M, Amati F, Botta A, Sangiuolo F, Lattanzi G, Federici M, Novelli G. Cutaneous and metabolic defects associated with nuclear abnormalities in a transgenic mouse model expressing R527H lamin A mutation causing mandibuloacral dysplasia type A (MADA) syndrome. Acta Myol 2020; 39. [PMID: 33458588 PMCID: PMC7783430 DOI: 10.36185/2532-1900-036&set/a 907644967+854571971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
LMNA gene encodes for lamin A/C, attractive proteins linked to nuclear structure and functions. When mutated, it causes different rare diseases called laminopathies. In particular, an Arginine change in Histidine in position 527 (p.Arg527His) falling in the C-terminal domain of lamin A precursor form (prelamin A) causes mandibuloacral dysplasia Type A (MADA), a segmental progeroid syndrome characterized by skin, bone and metabolic anomalies. The well-characterized cellular models made difficult to assess the tissue-specific functions of 527His prelamin A. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of a MADA transgenic mouse overexpressing 527His LMNA gene, encoding mutated prelamin A. Bodyweight is slightly affected, while no difference in lifespan was observed in transgenic animals. Mild metabolic anomalies and thinning and loss of hairs from the back were the other observed phenotypic MADA manifestations. Histological analysis of tissues relevant for MADA syndrome revealed slight increase in adipose tissue inflammatory cells and a reduction of hypodermis due to a loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue. At cellular levels, transgenic cutaneous fibroblasts displayed nuclear envelope aberrations, presence of prelamin A, proliferation, and senescence rate defects. Gene transcriptional pattern was found differentially modulated between transgenic and wildtype animals, too. In conclusion, the presence of 527His Prelamin A accumulation is further linked to the appearance of mild progeroid features and metabolic disorder without lifespan reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michela Murdocca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Amati
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Botta
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Sangiuolo
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Tor Vergata Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- Center for Atherosclerosis, School of Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Center for Atherosclerosis, School of Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Tor Vergata Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Neuromed IRCCS Institute, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.,School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
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Cleveland RH, Gordon LB, Kleinman ME, Miller DT, Gordon CM, Snyder BD, Nazarian A, Giobbie-Hurder A, Neuberg D, Kieran MW. A prospective study of radiographic manifestations in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Pediatr Radiol 2012; 42:1089-98. [PMID: 22752073 PMCID: PMC4220680 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-012-2423-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progeria is a rare segmental premature aging disease with significant skeletal abnormalities. Defining the full scope of radiologic abnormalities requires examination of a large proportion of the world's progeria population (estimated at 1 in 4 million). There has been no comprehensive prospective study describing the skeletal abnormalities associated with progeria. OBJECTIVE To define characteristic radiographic features of this syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-nine children with classic progeria, ages 2-17 years, from 29 countries were studied at a single site. Comprehensive radiographic imaging studies were performed. RESULTS Sample included 23 girls and 16 boys-the largest number of patients with progeria evaluated prospectively to date. Eight new and two little known progeria-associated radiologic findings were identified (frequencies of 3-36%). Additionally, 23 commonly reported findings were evaluated. Of these, 2 were not encountered and 21 were present and ranked according to their frequency. Nine abnormalities were associated with increasing patient age (P = 0.02-0.0001). CONCLUSION This study considerably expands the radiographic morphological spectrum of progeria. A better understanding of the radiologic abnormalities associated with progeria and improved understanding of the biology of progerin (the molecule responsible for this disease), will improve our ability to treat the spectrum of bony abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H. Cleveland
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Leslie B. Gordon
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115,Department of Anesthesia, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115,Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Monica E. Kleinman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115,Department of Anesthesia, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115
| | - David T. Miller
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115,Division of Genetics, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Catherine M. Gordon
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115,Division of Endocrinology & Adolescent Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Brian D. Snyder
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | - Anita Giobbie-Hurder
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Donna Neuberg
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Mark W. Kieran
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115
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Elizondo LI, Jafar-Nejad P, Clewing JM, Boerkoel CF. Gene clusters, molecular evolution and disease: a speculation. Curr Genomics 2011; 10:64-75. [PMID: 19721813 PMCID: PMC2699835 DOI: 10.2174/138920209787581271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Revised: 12/20/2008] [Accepted: 12/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally eukaryotic genes are considered independently expressed under the control of their promoters and cis-regulatory domains. However, recent studies in worms, flies, mice and humans have shown that genes co-habiting a chromatin domain or “genomic neighborhood” are frequently co-expressed. Often these co-expressed genes neither constitute part of an operon nor function within the same biological pathway. The mechanisms underlying the partitioning of the genome into transcriptional genomic neighborhoods are poorly defined. However, cross-species analyses find that the linkage among the co-expressed genes of these clusters is significantly conserved and that the expression patterns of genes within clusters have coevolved with the clusters. Such selection could be mediated by chromatin interactions with the nuclear matrix and long-range remodeling of chromatin structure. In the context of human disease, we propose that dysregulation of gene expression across genomic neighborhoods will cause highly pleiotropic diseases. Candidate genomic neighborhood diseases include the nuclear laminopathies, chromosomal translocations and genomic instability disorders, imprinting disorders of errant insulator function, syndromes from impaired cohesin complex assembly, as well as diseases of global covalent histone modifications and DNA methylation. The alteration of transcriptional genomic neighborhoods provides an exciting and novel model for studying epigenetic alterations as quantitative traits in complex common human diseases.
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Koshimizu E, Imamura S, Qi J, Toure J, Valdez DM, Carr CE, Hanai JI, Kishi S. Embryonic senescence and laminopathies in a progeroid zebrafish model. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17688. [PMID: 21479207 PMCID: PMC3068137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations that disrupt the conversion of prelamin A to mature lamin A cause the rare genetic disorder Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome and a group of laminopathies. Our understanding of how A-type lamins function in vivo during early vertebrate development through aging remains limited, and would benefit from a suitable experimental model. The zebrafish has proven to be a tractable model organism for studying both development and aging at the molecular genetic level. Zebrafish show an array of senescence symptoms resembling those in humans, which can be targeted to specific aging pathways conserved in vertebrates. However, no zebrafish models bearing human premature senescence currently exist. Principal Findings We describe the induction of embryonic senescence and laminopathies in zebrafish harboring disturbed expressions of the lamin A gene (LMNA). Impairments in these fish arise in the skin, muscle and adipose tissue, and sometimes in the cartilage. Reduced function of lamin A/C by translational blocking of the LMNA gene induced apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, and craniofacial abnormalities/cartilage defects. By contrast, induced cryptic splicing of LMNA, which generates the deletion of 8 amino acid residues lamin A (zlamin A-Δ8), showed embryonic senescence and S-phase accumulation/arrest. Interestingly, the abnormal muscle and lipodystrophic phenotypes were common in both cases. Hence, both decrease-of-function of lamin A/C and gain-of-function of aberrant lamin A protein induced laminopathies that are associated with mesenchymal cell lineages during zebrafish early development. Visualization of individual cells expressing zebrafish progerin (zProgerin/zlamin A-Δ37) fused to green fluorescent protein further revealed misshapen nuclear membrane. A farnesyltransferase inhibitor reduced these nuclear abnormalities and significantly prevented embryonic senescence and muscle fiber damage induced by zProgerin. Importantly, the adult Progerin fish survived and remained fertile with relatively mild phenotypes only, but had shortened lifespan with obvious distortion of body shape. Conclusion We generated new zebrafish models for a human premature aging disorder, and further demonstrated the utility for studying laminopathies. Premature aging could also be modeled in zebrafish embryos. This genetic model may thus provide a new platform for future drug screening as well as genetic analyses aimed at identifying modifier genes that influence not only progeria and laminopathies but also other age-associated human diseases common in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Koshimizu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Imamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jie Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jamal Toure
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Delgado M. Valdez
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - Christopher E. Carr
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jun-ichi Hanai
- Division of Nephrology, Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shuji Kishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Amati F, Diano L, Campagnolo L, Vecchione L, Cipollone D, Bueno S, Prosperini G, Desideri A, Siracusa G, Chillemi G, Marino B, Novelli G. Hif1α down-regulation is associated with transposition of great arteries in mice treated with a retinoic acid antagonist. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:497. [PMID: 20846364 PMCID: PMC2996993 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart defect (CHD) account for 25% of all human congenital abnormalities. However, very few CHD-causing genes have been identified so far. A promising approach for the identification of essential cardiac regulators whose mutations may be linked to human CHD, is the molecular and genetic analysis of heart development. With the use of a triple retinoic acid competitive antagonist (BMS189453) we previously developed a mouse model of congenital heart defects (81%), thymic abnormalities (98%) and neural tube defects (20%). D-TGA (D-transposition of great arteries) was the most prevalent cardiac defect observed (61%). Recently we were able to partially rescue this abnormal phenotype (CHD were reduced to 64.8%, p = 0.05), by oral administration of folic acid (FA). Now we have performed a microarray analysis in our mouse models to discover genes/transcripts potentially implicated in the pathogenesis of this CHD. RESULTS We analysed mouse embryos (8.5 dpc) treated with BMS189453 alone and with BMS189453 plus folic acid (FA) by microarray and qRT-PCR. By selecting a fold change (FC) ≥ ± 1.5, we detected 447 genes that were differentially expressed in BMS-treated embryos vs. untreated control embryos, while 239 genes were differentially expressed in BMS-treated embryos whose mothers had also received FA supplementation vs. BMS-treated embryos. On the basis of microarray and qRT-PCR results, we further analysed the Hif1α gene. In fact Hif1α is down-regulated in BMS-treated embryos vs. untreated controls (FCmicro = -1.79; FCqRT-PCR = -1.76; p = 0.005) and its expression level is increased in BMS+FA-treated embryos compared to BMS-treated embryos (FCmicro = +1.17; FCqRT-PCR = +1.28: p = 0.005). Immunofluorescence experiments confirmed the under-expression of Hif1α protein in BMS-treated embryos compared to untreated and BMS+FA-treated embryos and, moreover, we demonstrated that at 8.5 dpc, Hif1α is mainly expressed in the embryo heart region. CONCLUSIONS We propose that Hif1α down-regulation in response to blocking retinoic acid binding may contribute to the development of cardiac defects in mouse newborns. In line with our hypothesis, when Hif1α expression level is restored (by supplementation of folic acid), a decrement of CHD is found. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that links retinoic acid metabolism to Hif1α regulation and the development of D-TGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Amati
- Department of Biopathology, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Diano
- Department of Biopathology, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Campagnolo
- Department of Public Health and Cell Biology, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Vecchione
- Department of Biopathology, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Daria Cipollone
- Department of Pediatrics, La Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Susana Bueno
- CASPUR, Consortium for Supercomputing Applications, Via dei Tizii 6, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Prosperini
- CASPUR, Consortium for Supercomputing Applications, Via dei Tizii 6, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Desideri
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Deptartment of Biology, Tor Vergata University, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Gregorio Siracusa
- Department of Public Health and Cell Biology, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Chillemi
- CASPUR, Consortium for Supercomputing Applications, Via dei Tizii 6, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Marino
- Department of Pediatrics, La Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biopathology, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- St. Peter Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Via Cassia 600, 00189, Rome, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas, Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Dechat T, Pfleghaar K, Sengupta K, Shimi T, Shumaker DK, Solimando L, Goldman RD. Nuclear lamins: major factors in the structural organization and function of the nucleus and chromatin. Genes Dev 2008; 22:832-53. [PMID: 18381888 PMCID: PMC2732390 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1652708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 712] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years it has become evident that the intermediate filament proteins, the types A and B nuclear lamins, not only provide a structural framework for the nucleus, but are also essential for many aspects of normal nuclear function. Insights into lamin-related functions have been derived from studies of the remarkably large number of disease-causing mutations in the human lamin A gene. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the functions of nuclear lamins, emphasizing their roles in epigenetics, chromatin organization, DNA replication, transcription, and DNA repair. In addition, we discuss recent evidence supporting the importance of lamins in viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dechat
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Katrin Pfleghaar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Kaushik Sengupta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Takeshi Shimi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Dale K. Shumaker
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Liliana Solimando
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Robert D. Goldman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Meaburn KJ, Cabuy E, Bonne G, Levy N, Morris GE, Novelli G, Kill IR, Bridger JM. Primary laminopathy fibroblasts display altered genome organization and apoptosis. Aging Cell 2007; 6:139-53. [PMID: 17274801 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2007.00270.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of diseases associated with specific tissue degeneration and premature aging have mutations in the nuclear envelope proteins A-type lamins or emerin. Those diseases with A-type lamin mutation are inclusively termed laminopathies. Due to various hypothetical roles of nuclear envelope proteins in genome function we investigated whether alterations to normal genomic behaviour are apparent in cells with mutations in A-type lamins and emerin. Even though the distributions of these proteins in proliferating laminopathy fibroblasts appear normal, there is abnormal nuclear positioning of both chromosome 18 and 13 territories, from the nuclear periphery to the interior. This genomic organization mimics that found in normal nonproliferating quiescent or senescent cells. This finding is supported by distributions of modified pRb in the laminopathy cells. All laminopathy cell lines tested and an X-linked Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy cell line also demonstrate increased incidences of apoptosis. The most extreme cases of apoptosis occur in cells derived from diseases with mutations in the tail region of the LMNA gene, such as Dunningan-type familial partial lipodystrophy and mandibuloacral dysplasia, and this correlates with a significant level of micronucleation in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Meaburn
- Laboratory of Nuclear and Genomic Health, Division of Biosciences, School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
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Abstract
The nuclear envelope is composed of the nuclear membranes, nuclear lamina, and nuclear pore complexes. In recent years, mutations in nuclear-envelope proteins have been shown to cause a surprisingly wide array of inherited diseases. While the mutant proteins are generally expressed in most or all differentiated somatic cells, many mutations cause fairly tissue-specific disorders. Perhaps the most dramatic case is that of mutations in A-type lamins, intermediate filament proteins associated with the inner nuclear membrane. Different mutations in the same lamin proteins have been shown to cause striated muscle diseases, partial lipodystrophy syndromes, a peripheral neuropathy, and disorders with features of severe premature aging. In this review, we summarize fundamental aspects of nuclear envelope structure and function, the inherited diseases caused by mutations in lamins and other nuclear envelope proteins, and possible pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J Worman
- Department of Medicine and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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