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Hu T, Kumar Y, Shazia I, Duan SJ, Li Y, Chen L, Chen JF, Yin R, Kwong A, Leung GKK, Mat WK, Wu Z, Long X, Chan CH, Chen S, Lee P, Ng SK, Ho TYC, Yang J, Ding X, Tsang SY, Zhou X, Zhang DH, Zhou EX, Xu L, Poon WS, Wang HY, Xue H. Forward and reverse mutations in stages of cancer development. Hum Genomics 2018; 12:40. [PMID: 30134973 PMCID: PMC6104001 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-018-0170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Massive occurrences of interstitial loss of heterozygosity (LOH) likely resulting from gene conversions were found by us in different cancers as a type of single-nucleotide variations (SNVs), comparable in abundance to the commonly investigated gain of heterozygosity (GOH) type of SNVs, raising the question of the relationships between these two opposing types of cancer mutations. Methods In the present study, SNVs in 12 tetra sample and 17 trio sample sets from four cancer types along with copy number variations (CNVs) were analyzed by AluScan sequencing, comparing tumor with white blood cells as well as tissues vicinal to the tumor. Four published “nontumor”-tumor metastasis trios and 246 pan-cancer pairs analyzed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and 67 trios by whole-exome sequencing (WES) were also examined. Results Widespread GOHs enriched with CG-to-TG changes and associated with nearby CNVs and LOHs enriched with TG-to-CG changes were observed. Occurrences of GOH were 1.9-fold higher than LOH in “nontumor” tissues more than 2 cm away from the tumors, and a majority of these GOHs and LOHs were reversed in “paratumor” tissues within 2 cm of the tumors, forming forward-reverse mutation cycles where the revertant LOHs displayed strong lineage effects that pointed to a sequential instead of parallel development from “nontumor” to “paratumor” and onto tumor cells, which was also supported by the relative frequencies of 26 distinct classes of CNVs between these three types of cell populations. Conclusions These findings suggest that developing cancer cells undergo sequential changes that enable the “nontumor” cells to acquire a wide range of forward mutations including ones that are essential for oncogenicity, followed by revertant mutations in the “paratumor” cells to avoid growth retardation by excessive mutation load. Such utilization of forward-reverse mutation cycles as an adaptive mechanism was also observed in cultured HeLa cells upon successive replatings. An understanding of forward-reverse mutation cycles in cancer development could provide a genomic basis for improved early diagnosis, staging, and treatment of cancers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40246-018-0170-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taobo Hu
- Division of Life Science, Applied Genomics Centre and Centre for Statistical Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Division of Life Science, Applied Genomics Centre and Centre for Statistical Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Iram Shazia
- Division of Life Science, Applied Genomics Centre and Centre for Statistical Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shen-Jia Duan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Fei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Biology and Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ava Kwong
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gilberto Ka-Kit Leung
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai-Kin Mat
- Division of Life Science, Applied Genomics Centre and Centre for Statistical Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenggang Wu
- Division of Life Science, Applied Genomics Centre and Centre for Statistical Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi Long
- Division of Life Science, Applied Genomics Centre and Centre for Statistical Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk-Hin Chan
- Division of Life Science, Applied Genomics Centre and Centre for Statistical Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Si Chen
- Division of Life Science, Applied Genomics Centre and Centre for Statistical Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peggy Lee
- Division of Life Science, Applied Genomics Centre and Centre for Statistical Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siu-Kin Ng
- Division of Life Science, Applied Genomics Centre and Centre for Statistical Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Timothy Y C Ho
- Division of Life Science, Applied Genomics Centre and Centre for Statistical Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- Division of Life Science, Applied Genomics Centre and Centre for Statistical Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaofan Ding
- Division of Life Science, Applied Genomics Centre and Centre for Statistical Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shui-Ying Tsang
- Division of Life Science, Applied Genomics Centre and Centre for Statistical Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuqing Zhou
- Division of Life Science, Applied Genomics Centre and Centre for Statistical Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dan-Hua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | - En-Xiang Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Biology and Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wai-Sang Poon
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Xue
- Division of Life Science, Applied Genomics Centre and Centre for Statistical Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. .,School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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Wang MW, Yang SB, Zhang ZQ, Zhu QF, Wang GS, Li H, Yao C, Wu BY, You WD. Gastroscopy follow-up study of premalignant gastric lesions in senile patients. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2003; 11:1279-1281. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v11.i9.1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To discover the incidence of gastric cancer in premalignant gastric lesions and to evaluate the importance of gastroscopy follow-up for gastric cancer at an early stage.
METHODS A total of 1 417 patients received endoscopy. Among them,750 patients who agreed to undergo annual surveillance endoscopy were studied.
RESULTS Among the 1 417 patients who received endoscopy, 64 had gastric cancer (4.5%). 35.9% of them were at their early stage. 82 cancers were detected (10.9%) during the follow up period. 62% of them were at their early stage (62.2% vs 35.9%; P <0.005). Gastric dysplasia was frequent in gastric cancers than in non-cancer group (37.0% vs 13.1%; P <0.01) Intestinal metaplasia was also more frequent in gastric cancer group than in non-cancer group (67.1% vs 58.1%; P <0.01).
CONCLUSION In patients with intestinal metaplasia or dysplasia, endoscopic surveillance can detect most new tumors at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Wei Wang
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shao-Bo Yang
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zi-Qi Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qing-Fu Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Gang-Shi Wang
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Medical Statistics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Cheng Yao
- Department of Medical Statistics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ben-Yan Wu
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wei-Di You
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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