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Behera C, Kaur Sandha K, Banjare N, Kumar Shukla M, Mudassir Ali S, Singh M, Gupta PN. Biodegradable nanocarrier of gemcitabine and tocopherol succinate synergistically ameliorates anti-proliferative response in MIA PaCa-2 cells. Int J Pharm 2024; 649:123599. [PMID: 37992978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Gemcitabine (GEM) is an important chemotherapeutic agent used alone or in combination with other anticancer agents for the treatment of various solid tumors. In this study, the potential of a dietary supplement, α-tocopherol succinate (TOS) was investigated in combination with GEM by utilizing human serum albumin-based nanoparticles (HSA NPs). The developed nanoparticles were characterized using DLS, SEM and FTIR and evaluated in a panel of cell lines to inspect cytotoxic efficacy. The ratio metric selected combination of the NPs was further investigated in human pancreatic cancer cell line (MIA PaCa-2 cells) to assess the cellular death mechanism via a myriad of biochemical and bio-analytical assays including nuclear morphometric analysis by DAPI staining, ROS generation, MMP loss, intracellular calcium release, in vitro clonogenic assay, cell migration assay, cell cycle analysis, immunocytochemical staining followed by western blotting, Annexin V-FITC and cellular uptake studies. The desolvation-crosslinking method was used to prepare the NPs. The average size of TOS-HSA NPs and GEM-HSA NPs was found to be 189.47 ± 5 nm and 143.42 ± 7.4 nm, respectively. In combination, the developed nanoparticles exhibited synergism by enhancing cytotoxicity in a fixed molar ratio. The selected combination also significantly triggered ROS generation and mitochondrial destabilization, alleviated cell migration potential and clonogenic cell survival in MIA PaCa-2 cells. Further, cell cycle analysis, Annexin-V FITC assay and caspase-3 activation, up regulation of Bax and down regulation of Bcl-2 protein confirmed the occurrence of apoptotic event coupled with the G0/G1 phase arrest. Nanocarriers based this combination also offered approximately 14-folds dose reduction of GEM. Overall, the combined administration of TOS-HSA NPs and GEM-HSA NPs showed synergistic cytotoxicity accompanied with dose reduction of the gemcitabine. These encouraging findings could have implication in designing micronutrient based-combination therapy with gemcitabine and demands further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chittaranjan Behera
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Section, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Kamalpreet Kaur Sandha
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Section, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nagma Banjare
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Section, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Monu Kumar Shukla
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Section, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Syed Mudassir Ali
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Section, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Manisha Singh
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Section, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Prem N Gupta
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Section, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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