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Mohammadi Pour P, Bidad S, Bahrami G, Hosseinzadeh L, Mojarrab M, Farzaei MH, Amantini C. Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Aqueous Extract and Oleo-Essential Oil of Dorema ammoniacum Plant Oleo-Gum Resin in Some Human Cancer Cell Lines. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2022; 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35983460 PMCID: PMC9381248 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9725244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Results Aqueous extract and essential oil reduced the viability of A549 cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The lowest inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for both samples of D. ammoniacum oleo-gum resin were 10 and 2.5 μg/ml for 24 hours in A549 cell line, respectively. After treatment with extract and essential oil of D. ammoniacum oleo-gum resin, ROS increased significantly compared to the control group. Although changes in caspase-3 did not show a significant increase in extract, the caspase-3 was found to be increased after exposure to essential oil and caspase-9 was downregulated after exposure to essential oil. Also, exposure to essential oil of D. ammoniacum caused a reduction in MMP level. Conclusion Based on results, the cytotoxic effect of essential oil of D. ammoniacum can induce apoptosis toward A549 cell line via induction of oxidative stress, MMP depletion, and caspase-3 activation, which is independent to mitochondrial cytochrome c release and caspase-9 function.
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Nazir N, Nisar M, Zahoor M, Uddin F, Ullah S, Ullah R, Ansari SA, Mahmood HM, Bari A, Alobaid A. Phytochemical Analysis, In Vitro Anticholinesterase, Antioxidant Activity and In Vivo Nootropic Effect of Ferula ammoniacum ( Dorema ammoniacum) D. Don. in Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020259. [PMID: 33669503 PMCID: PMC7922987 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ferula ammoniacum (D. Don) is one of the endemic medicinal plants that is traditionally used to treat a number of diseases. Although the plant has been used to enhance memory, the investigational evidence supporting the nootropic effect was unsubstantial. Hence, the rationale for this study was to assess the potential beneficial effect of F. ammoniacum seed extracts on learning and memory in mice. Methods: The powdered plant samples (aerial parts) were subjected to extraction ad fractionation. Among the extracts, crude and ethyl acetate extracts were screened for major phytochemicals through HPLC analysis. All the extracts were evaluated for the in vitro anticholinesterase (AChE and BChE) and antioxidant potentials. Among the extracts the active fraction was further assessed for improving learning and memory in mice using behavioural tests like Y-maze and novel object recognition test (NORT) using standard protocols. After behavioural tests, all the animals were sacrificed and brains tissues were assessed for the ex vivo anticholinesterase and antioxidant potentials. Results: Phytochemicals like chlorogenic acid, quercetin, mandelic acid, phloroglucinol, hydroxy benzoic acid, malic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, ellagic acid, rutin, and pyrogallol were identified in crude methanolic extract (Fa.Met) and ethyl acetate fraction (Fa.EtAc) through HPLC. Fa.EtAc and Fa.Chf extracts more potently inhibited AChE and BChE with IC50 values of 40 and 43 µg/mL, and 41 and 42 µg/mL, respectively. Similarly highest free radical scavenging potential was exhibited by Fa.EtAc fraction against DPPH (IC50 = 100 µg/mL) and ABTS (IC50 = 120 µg/mL). The extract doses, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight significantly (p < 0.01) improved the short-term memory by increasing the percent spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze test along with increasing discrimination index in the NORT that clearly indicated the enhancement in the recognition memory of mice. Conclusion: The extracts more potently scavenged the tested free radicals, exhibited anticholinesterase activities, improved the learning abilities and reduced the memory impairment induced by scopolamine in mice model thus suggesting that these extracts could be effectively used for the management of oxidative stress, neurodegenerative diseases and memory loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nausheen Nazir
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18800, Pakistan;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohammad Nisar
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18800, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18800, Pakistan;
| | - Faheem Uddin
- Department of Engineering, Sarhad University of Information Technology, Peshawar 23000, Pakistan;
| | - Saeed Ullah
- Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 19130, Pakistan;
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy (MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Siddique Akber Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (A.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Hafiz Majid Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (A.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdulrehman Alobaid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (A.B.); (A.A.)
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