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Kolařík M, Hulcr J. Geosmithia—widespread and abundant but long ignored bark beetle symbionts. Mycol Prog 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-023-01880-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Mckenzie EHC, Huang S, Abdel-wahab MA, Daranagama DA, Dayarathne M, D’souza MJ, Goonasekara ID, Hongsanan S, Jayawardena RS, Kirk PM, Konta S, Liu J, Liu Z, Norphanphoun C, Pang K, Perera RH, Senanayake IC, Shang Q, Shenoy BD, Xiao Y, Bahkali AH, Kang J, Somrothipol S, Suetrong S, Wen T, Xu J. Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Sordariomycetes. FUNGAL DIVERS 2015; 72:199-301. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-015-0331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Abstract
The ascomycete family Nectriaceae (Hypocreales) includes numerous important plant and human pathogens, as well as several species used extensively in industrial and commercial applications as biodegraders and biocontrol agents. Members of the family are unified by phenotypic characters such as uniloculate ascomata that are yellow, orange-red to purple, and with phialidic asexual morphs. The generic concepts in Nectriaceae are poorly defined, since DNA sequence data have not been available for many of these genera. To address this issue we performed a multi-gene phylogenetic analysis using partial sequences for the 28S large subunit (LSU) nrDNA, the internal transcribed spacer region and intervening 5.8S nrRNA gene (ITS), the large subunit of the ATP citrate lyase (acl1), the RNA polymerase II largest subunit (rpb1), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), α-actin (act), β-tubulin (tub2), calmodulin (cmdA), histone H3 (his3), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) gene regions for available type and authentic strains representing known genera in Nectriaceae, including several genera for which no sequence data were previously available. Supported by morphological observations, the data resolved 47 genera in the Nectriaceae. We re-evaluated the status of several genera, which resulted in the introduction of six new genera to accommodate species that were initially classified based solely on morphological characters. Several generic names are proposed for synonymy based on the abolishment of dual nomenclature. Additionally, a new family is introduced for two genera that were previously accommodated in the Nectriaceae.
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Key Words
- A. submerse (H.J. Huds.) L. Lombard & Crous
- Aquanectria L. Lombard & Crous
- Aquanectria penicillioides (Ingold) L. Lombard & Crous
- B. delphinoides (Schroers, Summerbell, O'Donnell & Lampr.) L. Lombard & Crous
- B. dimerum (Penz.) L. Lombard & Crous
- B. domesticum (Fr.) L. Lombard & Crous
- B. lunatum (Ellis & Everh.) L. Lombard & Crous
- B. nectrioides (Wollenw.) L. Lombard & Crous
- B. penzigii (Schroers, Summerbell & O'Donnell) L. Lombard & Crous
- Bisifusarium L. Lombard, Crous & W. Gams
- Bisifusarium biseptatum (Schroers, Summerbell & O'Donnell) L. Lombard & Crous
- C. aurantia (Penz. & Sacc.) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- C. blumenaviae (Rehm) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- C. cylindrospora (Ellis & Everh.) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- C. gibberosa (Schroers) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- C. manihotis (Rick) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- C. parva (Schroers) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- C. rusci (Lechat, Gardiennet & J. Fourn.) L. Lombard & Crous
- C. tonduzii (Speg.) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- C. tornata (Höhn.) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- Calonectria candelabra (Viégas) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- Clonostachys apocyni (Peck) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- Coccinonectria L. Lombard & Crous
- Coccinonectria pachysandricola (B.O. Dodge) L. Lombard & Crous
- Generic concepts
- Hydropisphaera fusigera (Berk. & Broome) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- I. macroconidialis (Brayford & Samuels) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous, Mariannaea catenulatae (Samuels) L. Lombard & Crous
- Ilyonectria destructans (Zinssm.) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- Mariannaea humicola L. Lombard & Crous
- Mariannaea pinicola L. Lombard & Crous
- N. falciformis (Carrión) L. Lombard & Crous
- N. illudens (Berk.) L. Lombard & Crous
- N. ipomoeae (Halst.) L. Lombard & Crous
- N. monilifera (Berk. & Broome) L. Lombard & Crous
- N. phaseoli (Burkh.) L. Lombard & Crous
- N. plagianthi (Dingley) L. Lombard & Crous
- N. ramosa (Bat. & H. Maia) L. Lombard & Crous
- N. solani (Mart.) L. Lombard & Crous
- N. termitum (Höhn.) L. Lombard & Crous
- N. tucumaniae (T. Aoki, O'Donnell, Yos. Homma & Lattanzi) L. Lombard & Crous
- N. virguliformis (O'Donnell & T. Aoki) L. Lombard & Crous
- Nectriaceae
- Nectriopsis rexiana (Sacc.) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- Neocosmospora ambrosia (Gadd & Loos) L. Lombard & Crous
- Neocosmospora rubicola L. Lombard & Crous
- Neonectria candida (Ehrenb.) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- P. contagium L. Lombard & Crous
- Paracremonium L. Lombard & Crous
- Paracremonium inflatum L. Lombard & Crous
- Penicillifer diparietisporus (J.H. Miller, Giddens & A.A. Foster) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- Phylogeny
- Pseudonectria foliicola L. Lombard & Crous
- Rectifusarium L. Lombard, Crous & W. Gams
- Rectifusarium robinianum L. Lombard & Crous
- Rectifusarium ventricosum (Appel & Wollenw.) L. Lombard & Crous
- Rectifusarium ventricosum Appel & Wollenw.
- S. aurifila (W.R. Gerard) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- S. mammiforme (Chardón) L. Lombard & Crous
- S. oblongisporum (Y. Nong & W.Y. Zhuang) L. Lombard & Crous
- S. raripilum (Penz. & Sacc.) L. Lombard & Crous
- Sarcopodium flavolanatum (Berk. & Broome) L. Lombard & Crous
- Sphaerostilbella penicillioides (Corda) Rossman, L. Lombard & Crous
- Taxonomy
- Tilachlidiaceae L. Lombard & Crous
- Volutella asiana (J. Luo, X.M. Zhang & W.Y. Zhuang) L. Lombard & Crous
- Xenoacremonium L. Lombard & Crous
- Xenoacremonium falcatus L. Lombard & Crous
- Xenoacremonium recifei (Leão & Lôbo) L. Lombard & Crous
- Xenogliocladiopsis cypellocarpa L. Lombard & Crous
- Xenogliocladiopsis eucalyptorum Crous & W.B. Kendr.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lombard
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N A van der Merwe
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Centre (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - J Z Groenewald
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P W Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Centre (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Samson R, Visagie C, Houbraken J, Hong SB, Hubka V, Klaassen C, Perrone G, Seifert K, Susca A, Tanney J, Varga J, Kocsubé S, Szigeti G, Yaguchi T, Frisvad J. Phylogeny, identification and nomenclature of the genus Aspergillus. Stud Mycol 2014; 78:141-73. [PMID: 25492982 PMCID: PMC4260807 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 608] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus comprises a diverse group of species based on morphological, physiological and phylogenetic characters, which significantly impact biotechnology, food production, indoor environments and human health. Aspergillus was traditionally associated with nine teleomorph genera, but phylogenetic data suggest that together with genera such as Polypaecilum, Phialosimplex, Dichotomomyces and Cristaspora, Aspergillus forms a monophyletic clade closely related to Penicillium. Changes in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants resulted in the move to one name per species, meaning that a decision had to be made whether to keep Aspergillus as one big genus or to split it into several smaller genera. The International Commission of Penicillium and Aspergillus decided to keep Aspergillus instead of using smaller genera. In this paper, we present the arguments for this decision. We introduce new combinations for accepted species presently lacking an Aspergillus name and provide an updated accepted species list for the genus, now containing 339 species. To add to the scientific value of the list, we include information about living ex-type culture collection numbers and GenBank accession numbers for available representative ITS, calmodulin, β-tubulin and RPB2 sequences. In addition, we recommend a standard working technique for Aspergillus and propose calmodulin as a secondary identification marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.A. Samson
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C.M. Visagie
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. Houbraken
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S.-B. Hong
- Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon, South Korea
| | - V. Hubka
- Department of Botany, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C.H.W. Klaassen
- Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, C70 Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, 532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G. Perrone
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - K.A. Seifert
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - A. Susca
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - J.B. Tanney
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - J. Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - S. Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - G. Szigeti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - T. Yaguchi
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
| | - J.C. Frisvad
- Department of Systems Biology, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Mishra RK, Pandey BK, Singh V, Mathew AJ, Pathak N, Zeeshan M. Molecular detection and genotyping of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. psidii isolates from different agro-ecological regions of India. J Microbiol 2013; 51:405-12. [PMID: 23990290 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-013-2638-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Twenty one isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. psidii (Fop), causing a vascular wilt in guava (Psidium guajava L.), were collected from different agro-ecological regions of India. The pathogenicity test was performed in guava seedlings, where the Fop isolates were found to be highly pathogenic. All 21 isolates were confirmed as F. oxysporum f. sp. psidii by a newly developed, species-specific primer against the conserved regions of 28S rDNA and the intergenic spacer region. RAPD and PCR-RFLP were used for genotyping the isolates to determine their genetic relationships. Fifteen RAPD primers were tested, of which five primers produced prominent, polymorphic, and reproducible bands. RAPD yielded an average of 6.5 polymorphic bands per primer, with the amplified DNA fragments ranging from 200-2,000 bp in size. A dendrogram constructed from these data indicated a 22-74% level of homology. In RFLP analysis, two major bands (350 and 220 bp) were commonly present in all isolates of F. oxysporum. These findings provide new insight for rapid, specific, and sensitive disease diagnosis. However, genotyping could be useful in strain-level discrimination of isolates from different agro-ecological regions of India.
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Grum-Grzhimaylo AA, Debets AJ, van Diepeningen AD, Georgieva ML, Bilanenko EN. Sodiomyces alkalinus, a new holomorphic alkaliphilic ascomycete within the Plectosphaerellaceae. Persoonia 2013; 31:147-58. [PMID: 24761040 DOI: 10.3767/003158513X673080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study we reassess the taxonomic reference of the previously described holomorphic alkaliphilic fungus Heleococcum alkalinum isolated from soda soils in Russia, Mongolia and Tanzania. We show that it is not an actual member of the genus Heleococcum (order Hypocreales) as stated before and should, therefore, be excluded from it and renamed. Multi-locus gene phylogeny analyses (based on nuclear ITS, 5.8S rDNA, 28S rDNA, 18S rDNA, RPB2 and TEF1-alpha) have displayed this fungus as a new taxon at the genus level within the family Plectosphaerellaceae, Hypocreomycetidae, Ascomycota. The reference species of actual Heleococcum members showed clear divergence from the strongly supported Heleococcum alkalinum position within the Plectosphaerellaceae, sister to the family Glomerellaceae. Eighteen strains isolated from soda lakes around the world show remarkable genetic similarity promoting speculations on their possible evolution in harsh alkaline environments. We established the pH growth optimum of this alkaliphilic fungus at c. pH 10 and tested growth on 30 carbon sources at pH 7 and 10. The new genus and species, Sodiomyces alkalinus gen. nov. comb. nov., is the second holomorphic fungus known within the family, the first one being Plectosphaerella – some members of this genus are known to be alkalitolerant. We propose the Plectosphaerellaceae family to be the source of alkaliphilic filamentous fungi as also the species known as Acremonium alcalophilum belongs to this group.
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Su CM, Wang SW, Lee TH, Tzeng WP, Hsiao CJ, Liu SC, Tang CH. Trichodermin induces cell apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress in human chondrosarcoma cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:335-44. [PMID: 23806212 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is the second most common primary bone tumor, and it responds poorly to both chemotherapy and radiation treatment. Nalanthamala psidii was described originally as Myxosporium in 1926. This is the first study to investigate the anti-tumor activity of trichodermin (trichothec-9-en-4-ol, 12,13-epoxy-, acetate), an endophytic fungal metabolite from N. psidii against human chondrosarcoma cells. We demonstrated that trichodermin induced cell apoptosis in human chondrosarcoma cell lines (JJ012 and SW1353 cells) instead of primary chondrocytes. In addition, trichodermin triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress protein levels of IRE1, p-PERK, GRP78, and GRP94, which were characterized by changes in cytosolic calcium levels. Furthermore, trichodermin induced the upregulation of Bax and Bid, the downregulation of Bcl-2, and the dysfunction of mitochondria, which released cytochrome c and activated caspase-3 in human chondrosarcoma. In addition, animal experiments illustrated reduced tumor volume, which led to an increased number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells and an increased level of cleaved PARP protein following trichodermin treatment. Together, this study demonstrates that trichodermin is a novel anti-tumor agent against human chondrosarcoma cells both in vitro and in vivo via mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ming Su
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Rossman AY, Seifert KA, Samuels GJ, Minnis AM, Schroers HJ, Lombard L, Crous PW, Põldmaa K, Cannon PF, Summerbell RC, Geiser DM, Zhuang WY, Hirooka Y, Herrera C, Salgado-Salazar C, Chaverri P. Genera in Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae, and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales) proposed for acceptance or rejection. IMA Fungus 2013; 4:41-51. [PMID: 23898411 PMCID: PMC3719205 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2013.04.01.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the recent changes concerning pleomorphic fungi in the new InternationalCode of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), it is necessary to propose the acceptance or protection of sexual morph-typified or asexual morph-typified generic names that do not have priority, or to propose the rejection or suppression1 of competing names. In addition, sexual morph-typified generic names, where widely used, must be proposed for rejection or suppression in favour of asexual morph-typified names that have priority, or the latter must be proposed for conservation or protection. Some pragmatic criteria used for deciding the acceptance or rejection of generic names include: the number of name changes required when one generic name is used over another, the clarity of the generic concept, their relative frequencies of use in the scientific literature, and a vote of interested mycologists. Here, twelve widely used generic names in three families of Hypocreales are proposed for acceptance, either by conservation or protection, despite their lack of priority of publication, or because they are widely used asexual morph-typified names. Each pair of generic names is evaluated, with a recommendation as to the generic name to be used, and safeguarded, either through conservation or protection. Four generic names typified by a species with a sexual morph as type that are younger than competing generic names typified by a species with an asexual morph type, are proposed for use. Eight older generic names typified by species with an asexual morph as type are proposed for use over younger competing generic names typified by a species with a sexual morph as type. Within Bionectriaceae,Clonostachys is recommended over Bionectria; in Hypocreaceae,Hypomyces is recommended over Cladobotryum, Sphaerostilbella over Gliocladium, and Trichoderma over Hypocrea; and in Nectriaceae,Actinostilbe is recommended over Lanatonectria, Cylindrocladiella over Nectricladiella, Fusarium over Gibberella, Gliocephalotrichum over Leuconectria, Gliocladiopsis over Glionectria, Nalanthamala over Rubrinectria, Nectria over Tubercularia, and Neonectria over Cylindrocarpon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Y Rossman
- Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
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Samson RA, Yilmaz N, Houbraken J, Spierenburg H, Seifert KA, Peterson SW, Varga J, Frisvad JC. Phylogeny and nomenclature of the genus Talaromyces and taxa accommodated in Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium. Stud Mycol 2012; 70:159-83. [PMID: 22308048 PMCID: PMC3233910 DOI: 10.3114/sim.2011.70.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The taxonomic history of anamorphic species attributed to Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium is reviewed, along with evidence supporting their relationship with teleomorphic species classified in Talaromyces. To supplement previous conclusions based on ITS, SSU and/or LSU sequencing that Talaromyces and subgenus Biverticillium comprise a monophyletic group that is distinct from Penicillium at the generic level, the phylogenetic relationships of these two groups with other genera of Trichocomaceae was further studied by sequencing a part of the RPB1 (RNA polymerase II largest subunit) gene. Talaromyces species and most species of Penicillium subgenus Biverticilliumsensu Pitt reside in a monophyletic clade distant from species of other subgenera of Penicillium. For detailed phylogenetic analysis of species relationships, the ITS region (incl. 5.8S nrDNA) was sequenced for the available type strains and/or representative isolates of Talaromyces and related biverticillate anamorphic species. Extrolite profiles were compiled for all type strains and many supplementary cultures. All evidence supports our conclusions that Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium is distinct from other subgenera in Penicillium and should be taxonomically unified with the Talaromyces species that reside in the same clade. Following the concepts of nomenclatural priority and single name nomenclature, we transfer all accepted species of Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium to Talaromyces. A holomorphic generic diagnosis for the expanded concept of Talaromyces, including teleomorph and anamorph characters, is provided. A list of accepted Talaromyces names and newly combined Penicillium names is given. Species of biotechnological and medical importance, such as P. funiculosum and P. marneffei, are now combined in Talaromyces. Excluded species and taxa that need further taxonomic study are discussed. An appendix lists other generic names, usually considered synonyms of Penicillium sensu lato that were considered prior to our adoption of the name Talaromyces. TAXONOMIC NOVELTIES Taxonomic novelties:New species - Talaromyces apiculatus Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, sp. nov. New combinationsand names - Talaromyces aculeatus (Raper & Fennell) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. albobiverticillius (H.-M. Hsieh, Y.-M. Ju & S.-Y. Hsieh) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. allahabadensis (B.S. Mehrotra & D. Kumar) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. aurantiacus (J.H. Mill., Giddens & A.A. Foster) Samson, Yilmaz, & Frisvad, T. boninensis (Yaguchi & Udagawa) Samson, Yilmaz, & Frisvad, T. brunneus (Udagawa) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. calidicanius (J.L. Chen) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. cecidicola (Seifert, Hoekstra & Frisvad) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. coalescens (Quintan.) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. dendriticus (Pitt) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. diversus (Raper & Fennell) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. duclauxii (Delacr.) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. echinosporus (Nehira) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, comb. nov. T. erythromellis (A.D. Hocking) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. funiculosus (Thom) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. islandicus (Sopp) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. loliensis (Pitt) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. marneffei (Segretain, Capponi & Sureau) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. minioluteus (Dierckx) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. palmae (Samson, Stolk & Frisvad) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. panamensis (Samson, Stolk & Frisvad) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. paucisporus (Yaguchi, Someya & Udagawa) Samson & Houbraken T. phialosporus (Udagawa) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. piceus (Raper & Fennell) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. pinophilus (Hedgcock) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. pittii (Quintan.) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. primulinus (Pitt) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. proteolyticus (Kamyschko) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. pseudostromaticus (Hodges, G.M. Warner, Rogerson) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. purpurogenus (Stoll) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. rademirici (Quintan.) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. radicus (A.D. Hocking & Whitelaw) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. ramulosus (Visagie & K. Jacobs) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. rubicundus (J.H. Mill., Giddens & A.A. Foster) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. rugulosus (Thom) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. sabulosus (Pitt & A.D. Hocking) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. siamensis (Manoch & C. Ramírez) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. sublevisporus (Yaguchi & Udagawa) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. variabilis (Sopp) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. varians (G. Sm.) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. verruculosus (Peyronel) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. viridulus Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Samson
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Schroers HJ, Gräfenhan T, Nirenberg HI, Seifert KA. A revision of Cyanonectria and Geejayessia gen. nov., and related species with Fusarium-like anamorphs. Stud Mycol 2011; 68:115-38. [PMID: 21523191 PMCID: PMC3065987 DOI: 10.3114/sim.2011.68.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A revision of Fusarium-like species associated with the plant
genus Buxus led to a reconsideration of generic concepts in the
Fusarium clade of the Nectriaceae. Phylogenetic analyses of
the partial second largest subunit of the RNA polymerase II (rpb2)
and the larger subunit of the ATP citrate lyase (acl1) gene exons
confirm the existence of a clade, here called the terminal Fusarium
clade, that includes genera such as Fusariumsensu stricto
(including its Gibberella teleomorphs), Albonectria,
Cyanonectria, “Haematonectria”, the newly
described genus Geejayessia, and “Nectria”
albida. Geejayessia accommodates five species. Four were
previously classified in Nectria sensu lato, namely the black
perithecial, KOH–species G. atrofusca and the orange or
reddish, KOH+ G. cicatricum, G. desmazieri and G.
zealandica.Geejayessia celtidicola is newly described.
Following our phylogenetic analyses showing its close relationship with
Cyanonectria cyanostoma, the former Gibbera buxi is
recombined as the second species of Cyanonectria. A three gene
phylogenetic analysis of multiple strains of each morphological species using
translation elongation factor 1 α (tef-1), rpb2 and
acl1 gene exons and introns confirms their status as distinct
phylogenetic species. Internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal RNA gene
cluster and nuclear large ribosomal subunit sequences were generated as
additional DNA barcodes for selected strains. The connection of Fusarium
buxicola, often erroneously reported as the anamorph of G.
desmazieri, with the bluish black and KOH+ perithecial species C.
buxi is reinstated. Most Cyanonectria and Geejayessia
species exhibit restricted host ranges on branches or twigs of Buxus
species, Celtisoccidentalis, or Staphyleatrifolia. Their perithecia form caespitose clusters on
well-developed, mostly erumpent stromata on the bark or outer cortex of the
host and are relatively thin-walled, mostly smooth, and therefore reminiscent
of the more or less astromatous, singly occurring perithecia of
Cosmospora, Dialonectria, and Microcera. The cell walls in
outer- and inner layers of the perithecial walls of Cyanonectria and
Geejayessia have inconspicuous pore-like structures, as do
representative species of Albonectria, Fusarium sensu stricto,
“Haematonectria”, and “Nectria”
albida. The taxonomic significance of these structures, which we call
Samuels' pores, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-J Schroers
- Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Summerbell RC, Gueidan C, Schroers HJ, de Hoog GS, Starink M, Rosete YA, Guarro J, Scott JA. Acremonium phylogenetic overview and revision of Gliomastix, Sarocladium, and Trichothecium. Stud Mycol 2011; 68:139-62. [PMID: 21523192 PMCID: PMC3065988 DOI: 10.3114/sim.2011.68.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 200 new sequences are generated for members of the genus
Acremonium and related taxa including ribosomal small subunit
sequences (SSU) for phylogenetic analysis and large subunit (LSU) sequences
for phylogeny and DNA-based identification. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that
within the Hypocreales, there are two major clusters containing
multiple Acremonium species. One clade contains Acremonium
sclerotigenum, the genus Emericellopsis, and the genus
Geosmithia as prominent elements. The second clade contains the
genera Gliomastixsensu stricto and Bionectria. In
addition, there are numerous smaller clades plus two multi-species clades, one
containing Acremonium strictum and the type species of the genus
Sarocladium, and, as seen in the combined SSU/LSU analysis, one
associated subclade containing Acremonium breve and related species
plus Acremonium curvulum and related species. This sequence
information allows the revision of three genera. Gliomastix is
revived for five species, G. murorum, G. polychroma, G. tumulicola, G.
roseogrisea, and G. masseei. Sarocladium is extended to
include all members of the phylogenetically distinct A. strictum
clade including the medically important A. kiliense and the
protective maize endophyte A. zeae. Also included in
Sarocladium are members of the phylogenetically delimited
Acremonium bacillisporum clade, closely linked to the A.
strictum clade. The genus Trichothecium is revised following the
principles of unitary nomenclature based on the oldest valid anamorph or
teleomorph name, and new combinations are made in Trichothecium for
the tightly interrelated Acremonium crotocinigenum, Spicellum
roseum, and teleomorph Leucosphaerinaindica. Outside
the Hypocreales, numerous Acremonium-like species fall into
the Plectosphaerellaceae, and A. atrogriseum falls into the
Cephalothecaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Summerbell
- Sporometrics, Inc. 219 Dufferin Street, Suite 20C, Toronto, Ont., Canada M6K 1Y9
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Gräfenhan T, Schroers HJ, Nirenberg H, Seifert K. An overview of the taxonomy, phylogeny, and typification of nectriaceous fungi in Cosmospora, Acremonium, Fusarium, Stilbella, and Volutella. Stud Mycol 2011; 68:79-113. [PMID: 21523190 PMCID: PMC3065986 DOI: 10.3114/sim.2011.68.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive phylogenetic reassessment of the ascomycete genus Cosmospora (Hypocreales, Nectriaceae) is undertaken using fresh isolates and historical strains, sequences of two protein encoding genes, the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2), and a new phylogenetic marker, the larger subunit of ATP citrate lyase (acl1). The result is an extensive revision of taxonomic concepts, typification, and nomenclatural details of many anamorph- and teleomorph-typified genera of the Nectriaceae, most notably Cosmospora and Fusarium. The combined phylogenetic analysis shows that the present concept of Fusarium is not monophyletic and that the genus divides into two large groups, one basal in the family, the other terminal, separated by a large group of species classified in genera such as Calonectria, Neonectria, and Volutella. All accepted genera received high statistical support in the phylogenetic analyses. Preliminary polythetic morphological descriptions are presented for each genus, providing details of perithecia, micro- and/or macro-conidial synanamorphs, cultural characters, and ecological traits. Eight species are included in our restricted concept of Cosmospora, two of which have previously documented teleomorphs and all of which have Acremonium-like microconidial anamorphs. A key is provided to the three anamorphic species recognised in Atractium, which is removed from synonymy with Fusarium and epitypified for two macroconidial synnematous species and one sporodochial species associated with waterlogged wood. Dialonectria is recognised as distinct from Cosmospora and two species with teleomorph, macroconidia and microconidia are accepted, including the new species D. ullevolea. Seven species, one with a known teleomorph, are classified in Fusicolla, formerly considered a synonym of Fusarium including members of the F. aquaeductuum and F. merismoides species complex, with several former varieties raised to species rank. Originally a section of Nectria, Macroconia is raised to generic rank for five species, all producing a teleomorph and macroconidial anamorph. A new species of the Verticillium-like anamorphic genus Mariannaea is described as M. samuelsii. Microcera is recognised as distinct from Fusarium and a key is included for four macroconidial species, that are usually parasites of scale insects, two of them with teleomorphs. The four accepted species of Stylonectria each produce a teleomorph and micro- and macroconidial synanamorphs. The Volutella species sampled fall into three clades. Pseudonectria is accepted for a perithecial and sporodochial species that occurs on Buxus. Volutella s. str. also includes perithecial and/or sporodochial species and is revised to include a synnematous species formerly included in Stilbella. The third Volutella-like clade remains unnamed. All fungi in this paper are named using a single name system that gives priority to the oldest generic names and species epithets, irrespective of whether they are originally based on anamorph or teleomorph structures. The rationale behind this is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Gräfenhan
- Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Biodiversity (Mycology and
Botany), 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
- Current address: Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain
Commission, 1404-303 Main Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3C 3G8,
Canada
| | - H.-J. Schroers
- Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - H.I. Nirenberg
- Julius-Kühn-Institute, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen
Diagnostics, Königin-Luise-Str. 19, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - K.A. Seifert
- Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Biodiversity (Mycology and
Botany), 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
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Crous PW, Rong IH, Wood A, Lee S, Glen H, Botha W, Slippers B, de Beer WZ, Wingfield MJ, Hawksworth DL. How many species of fungi are there at the tip of Africa? Stud Mycol 2006; 55:13-33. [PMID: 18490969 PMCID: PMC2104731 DOI: 10.3114/sim.55.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several recent studies have reviewed the extent of fungal biodiversity, and have used these data as basis for revised estimates of species numbers based on known numbers of plants and insects. None of these studies, however, have focused on fungal biodiversity in South Africa. Coinciding with the 100th anniversary of the National Collection of Fungi (PREM) in South Africa in 2005, it is thus timely to reflect on the taxonomic research that has been conducted in South Africa over the past Century. Information is presented on the extent of fungal collections preserved at PREM, and the associated research publications that have largely resulted from this resource. These data are placed in context of the known plant and insect biodiversity, and used as basis to estimate the potential number of fungi that could be expected in South Africa. The conservative estimate is of approximately 200 000 species without taking into account those associated with a substantial insect biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro W Crous
- Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P. O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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