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Hederström V, Ekroos J, Friberg M, Krausl T, Opedal ØH, Persson AS, Petrén H, Quan Y, Smith HG, Clough Y. Pollinator-mediated effects of landscape-scale land use on grassland plant community composition and ecosystem functioning - seven hypotheses. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023. [PMID: 38118437 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Environmental change is disrupting mutualisms between organisms worldwide. Reported declines in insect populations and changes in pollinator community compositions in response to land use and other environmental drivers have put the spotlight on the need to conserve pollinators. While this is often motivated by their role in supporting crop yields, the role of pollinators for reproduction and resulting taxonomic and functional assembly in wild plant communities has received less attention. Recent findings suggest that observed and experimental gradients in pollinator availability can affect plant community composition, but we know little about when such shifts are to be expected, or the impact they have on ecosystem functioning. Correlations between plant traits related to pollination and plant traits related to other important ecosystem functions, such as productivity, nitrogen uptake or palatability to herbivores, lead us to expect non-random shifts in ecosystem functioning in response to changes in pollinator communities. At the same time, ecological and evolutionary processes may counteract these effects of pollinator declines, limiting changes in plant community composition, and in ecosystem functioning. Despite calls to investigate community- and ecosystem-level impacts of reduced pollination, the study of pollinator effects on plants has largely been confined to impacts on plant individuals or single-species populations. With this review we aim to break new ground by bringing together aspects of landscape ecology, ecological and evolutionary plant-insect interactions, and biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research, to generate new ideas and hypotheses about the ecosystem-level consequences of pollinator declines in response to land-use change, using grasslands as a focal system. Based on an integrated set of seven hypotheses, we call for more research investigating the putative pollinator-mediated links between landscape-scale land use and ecosystem functioning. In particular, future research should use combinations of experimental and observational approaches to assess the effects of changes in pollinator communities over multiple years and across species on plant communities and on trait distributions both within and among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Hederström
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Johan Ekroos
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Magne Friberg
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Theresia Krausl
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Øystein H Opedal
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Anna S Persson
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Hampus Petrén
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Yuanyuan Quan
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Henrik G Smith
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Yann Clough
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
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Sunde J, Franzén M, Betzholtz PE, Francioli Y, Pettersson LB, Pöyry J, Ryrholm N, Forsman A. Century-long butterfly range expansions in northern Europe depend on climate, land use and species traits. Commun Biol 2023; 6:601. [PMID: 37270651 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04967-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is an important driver of range shifts and community composition changes. Still, little is known about how the responses are influenced by the combination of land use, species interactions and species traits. We integrate climate and distributional data for 131 butterfly species in Sweden and Finland and show that cumulative species richness has increased with increasing temperature over the past 120 years. Average provincial species richness increased by 64% (range 15-229%), from 46 to 70. The rate and direction of range expansions have not matched the temperature changes, in part because colonisations have been modified by other climatic variables, land use and vary according to species characteristics representing ecological generalisation and species interactions. Results emphasise the role of a broad ecological filtering, whereby a mismatch between environmental conditions and species preferences limit the ability to disperse and establish populations in emerging climates and novel areas, with potentially widespread implications for ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Sunde
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, SE-39182, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - Markus Franzén
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, SE-39182, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Per-Eric Betzholtz
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, SE-39182, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Yannick Francioli
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, SE-39182, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Lars B Pettersson
- Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Juha Pöyry
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Nature Solutions, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nils Ryrholm
- Department of Electronics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, University of Gävle, SE-80176, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Anders Forsman
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, SE-39182, Kalmar, Sweden
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Nsengimana V, Iradukunda CS, de Dieu Nsenganeza J, Mberwa JW, Dekoninck W. Soil-litter arthropod communities under pasture land use in southern Rwanda. Trop Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42965-022-00277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Trense D, Hoffmann AA, Fischer K. Large- and small-scale geographic structures affecting genetic patterns across populations of an Alpine butterfly. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:14697-14714. [PMID: 34765135 PMCID: PMC8571576 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding factors influencing patterns of genetic diversity and the population genetic structure of species is of particular importance in the current era of global climate change and habitat loss. These factors include the evolutionary history of a species as well as heterogeneity in the environment it occupies, which in turn can change across time. Most studies investigating spatio-temporal genetic patterns have focused on patterns across wide geographic areas rather than local variation, but the latter can nevertheless be important particularly in topographically complex areas. Here, we consider these issues in the Sooty Copper butterfly (Lycaena tityrus) from the European Alps, using genome-wide SNPs identified through RADseq. We found strong genetic differentiation within the Alps with four genetic clusters, indicating western, central, and eastern refuges, and a strong reduction of genetic diversity from west to east. This reduction in diversity may suggest that the southwestern refuge was the largest one in comparison to other refuges. Also, the high genetic diversity in the west may result from (a) admixture of different western refuges, (b) more recent demographic changes, or (c) introgression of lowland L. tityrus populations. At small spatial scales, populations were structured by several landscape features and especially by high mountain ridges and large river valleys. We detected 36 outlier loci likely under altitudinal selection, including several loci related to membranes and cellular processes. We suggest that efforts to preserve alpine L. tityrus should focus on the genetically diverse populations in the western Alps, and that the dolomite populations should be treated as genetically distinct management units, since they appear to be currently more threatened than others. This study demonstrates the usefulness of SNP-based approaches for understanding patterns of genetic diversity, gene flow, and selection in a region that is expected to be particularly vulnerable to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daronja Trense
- Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences, ZoologyUniversity Koblenz‐LandauKoblenzGermany
| | - Ary A. Hoffmann
- Pest & Environmental Adaptation Research GroupSchool of BiosciencesBio21 InstituteParkvilleVic.Australia
| | - Klaus Fischer
- Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences, ZoologyUniversity Koblenz‐LandauKoblenzGermany
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Wagner DL, Fox R, Salcido DM, Dyer LA. A window to the world of global insect declines: Moth biodiversity trends are complex and heterogeneous. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2002549117. [PMID: 33431565 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002549117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Moths are the most taxonomically and ecologically diverse insect taxon for which there exist considerable time-series abundance data. There is an alarming record of decreases in moth abundance and diversity from across Europe, with rates varying markedly among and within regions. Recent reports from Costa Rica reveal steep cross-lineage declines of caterpillars, while other sites (Ecuador and Arizona, reported here) show no or only modest long-term decreases over the past two decades. Rates of decline for dietary and ecological specialists are steeper than those for ecologically generalized taxa. Additional traits commonly associated with elevated risks include large wingspans, small geographic ranges, low dispersal ability, and univoltinism; taxa associated with grasslands, aridlands, and nutrient-poor habitats also appear to be at higher risk. In temperate areas, many moth taxa limited historically by abiotic factors are increasing in abundance and range. We regard the most important continental-scale stressors to include reductions in habitat quality and quantity resulting from land-use change and climate change and, to a lesser extent, atmospheric nitrification and introduced species. Site-specific stressors include pesticide use and light pollution. Our assessment of global macrolepidopteran population trends includes numerous cases of both region-wide and local losses and studies that report no declines. Spatial variation of reported losses suggests that multiple stressors are in play. With the exception of recent reports from Costa Rica, the most severe examples of moth declines are from Northern Hemisphere regions of high human-population density and intensive agriculture.
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Trense D, Schmidt TL, Yang Q, Chung J, Hoffmann AA, Fischer K. Anthropogenic and natural barriers affect genetic connectivity in an Alpine butterfly. Mol Ecol 2020; 30:114-130. [PMID: 33108010 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal is a key biological process serving several functions including connectivity among populations. Habitat fragmentation caused by natural or anthropogenic structures may hamper dispersal, thereby disrupting genetic connectivity. Investigating factors affecting dispersal and gene flow is important in the current era of anthropogenic global change, as dispersal comprises a vital part of a species' resilience to environmental change. Using finescale landscape genomics, we investigated gene flow and genetic structure of the Sooty Copper butterfly (Lycaena tityrus) in the Alpine Ötz valley system in Austria. We found surprisingly high levels of gene flow in L. tityrus across the region. Nevertheless, ravines, forests, and roads had effects on genetic structure, while rivers did not. The latter is surprising as roads and rivers have a similar width and run largely in parallel in our study area, pointing towards a higher impact of anthropogenic compared with natural linear structures. Additionally, we detected eleven loci potentially under thermal selection, including ones related to membranes, metabolism, and immune function. This study demonstrates the usefulness of molecular approaches in obtaining estimates of dispersal and population processes in the wild. Our results suggest that, despite high gene flow in the Alpine valley system investigated, L. tityrus nevertheless seems to be vulnerable to anthropogenically-driven habitat fragmentation. With anthropogenic rather than natural linear structures affecting gene flow, this may have important consequences for the persistence of species such as the butterfly studied here in altered landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daronja Trense
- Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences, Zoology, University Koblenz-Landau, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Thomas L Schmidt
- Pest & Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of Biosciences, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Qiong Yang
- Pest & Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of Biosciences, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Jessica Chung
- Pest & Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of Biosciences, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Pest & Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of Biosciences, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Klaus Fischer
- Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences, Zoology, University Koblenz-Landau, Koblenz, Germany
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Billaud O, Vermeersch R, Porcher E. Citizen science involving farmers as a means to document temporal trends in farmland biodiversity and relate them to agricultural practices. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Billaud
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Sorbonne UniversitéParis France
| | - Rose‐Line Vermeersch
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Sorbonne UniversitéParis France
| | - Emmanuelle Porcher
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Sorbonne UniversitéParis France
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Kim MJ, Cho Y, Wang AR, Kim SS, Choi SW, Kim I. Population genetic characterization of the black-veined white, Aporia crataegi (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), using novel microsatellite markers and mitochondrial DNA gene sequences. CONSERV GENET 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-020-01257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Aguilera G, Ekroos J, Persson AS, Pettersson LB, Öckinger E. Intensive management reduces butterfly diversity over time in urban green spaces. Urban Ecosyst 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-018-0818-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gallou A, Baillet Y, Ficetola GF, Després L. Elevational gradient and human effects on butterfly species richness in the French Alps. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:3672-3681. [PMID: 28616164 PMCID: PMC5468151 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined how butterfly species richness is affected by human impact and elevation, and how species ranges are distributed along the elevational gradient (200–2700 m) in the Isère Department (French Alps). A total of 35,724 butterfly observations gathered in summer (May–September) between 1995 and 2015 were analyzed. The number of estimated species per 100‐m elevational band was fitted to the elevational gradient using a generalized additive model. Estimations were also performed on a 500 m × 500 m grid at low altitude (200–500 m) to test for the human impact on species richness using generalized least squares regression models. Each species elevational range was plotted against the elevational gradient. Butterfly richness along the elevational gradient first increased (200–500 m) to reach a maximum of 150 species at 700 m and then remained nearly constant till a sharp decrease after 1900 m, suggesting that after some temperature threshold, only few specialized species can survive. At low elevation, urbanization and arable lands had a strongly negative impact on butterfly diversity, which was buffered by a positive effect of permanent crops. Butterfly diversity is exceptionally high (185 species) in this alpine department that represents less than 5% of the French territory and yet holds more than 70% of all the Rhopalocera species recorded in France. Both climate and habitat shape the distribution of species, with a negative effect of anthropization at low altitude and strong climatic constraints at high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Gallou
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR 5553 Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS Grenoble France
| | - Yann Baillet
- Flavia A.P.E. Association pour l'Etude des Papillons Trept France
| | - Gentile Francesco Ficetola
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR 5553 Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS Grenoble France.,Department of Biosciences Universita degli Studi di Milano Milano Italy
| | - Laurence Després
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR 5553 Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS Grenoble France
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Pettersson L, Videvall E, Öckinger E. Butterfly monitoring using systematically placed transects in contrasting climatic regions – exploring an established spatial design for sampling. NC 2016. [DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.14.7497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Gill RJ, Baldock KC, Brown MJ, Cresswell JE, Dicks LV, Fountain MT, Garratt MP, Gough LA, Heard MS, Holland JM, Ollerton J, Stone GN, Tang CQ, Vanbergen AJ, Vogler AP, Woodward G, Arce AN, Boatman ND, Brand-hardy R, Breeze TD, Green M, Hartfield CM, O’connor RS, Osborne JL, Phillips J, Sutton PB, Potts SG. Protecting an Ecosystem Service. ADV ECOL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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