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Macaluso FS, Caprioli F, Benedan L, Bezzio C, Caporali R, Cauli A, Chimenti MS, Ciccia F, D'Angelo S, Fantini MC, Festa S, Iannone F, Lubrano E, Mariani P, Papi C, Provenzano G, Pugliese D, Rispo A, Saibeni S, Salvarani C, Variola A, Zenga M, Armuzzi A, Orlando A, Gerli R. The management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease-associated spondyloarthritis: Italian Group for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IG-IBD) and Italian Society of Rheumatology (SIR) recommendations based on a pseudo-Delphi consensus. Autoimmun Rev 2024:103533. [PMID: 38521214 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is the most frequent extraintestinal manifestation in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). When IBD and spondyloarthritis coexist, musculoskeletal and intestinal disease features should be considered when planning a therapeutic strategy. Treatment options for IBD and SpA have expanded enormously over the last few years, but randomized controlled trials with specific endpoints focused on SpA are not available in the IBD setting. To address this important clinical topic, the Italian Group for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IG-IBD) and the Italian Society of Rheumatology (SIR) jointly planned to draw updated therapeutic recommendations for IBD-associated SpA using a pseudo-Delphi method. This document presents the official recommendations of IG-IBD and SIR on the management of IBD-associated SpA in the form of 34 statements and 4 therapeutic algorithms. It is intended to be a reference guide for gastroenterologists and rheumatologists dealing with IBD-associated SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flavio Caprioli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy and Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Benedan
- Bicocca-Applied Statistics Center, Department of Economics, Management and Statistics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Bezzio
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Caporali
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, University of Milan, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Cauli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine and Public Health, AOU and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Sole Chimenti
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Francesco Ciccia
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Università della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore D'Angelo
- Rheumatology Department of Lucania, San Carlo Hospital of Potenza, Potenza, Italy
| | - Massimo Claudio Fantini
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | - Ennio Lubrano
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Paolo Mariani
- Bicocca-Applied Statistics Center, Department of Economics, Management and Statistics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Daniela Pugliese
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; IBD Unit, CEMAD, Digestive Diseases Center, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Rispo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Simone Saibeni
- IBD Center, Gastroenterology Unit, Rho Hospital ASST Rhodense, Italy
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia e Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Mariangela Zenga
- Bicocca-Applied Statistics Center, Department of Economics, Management and Statistics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Armuzzi
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Gerli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine & Surgery, University of Perugia, Italy
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Hsieh TS, Tsai TF. Combination of methotrexate with oral disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review. Immunotherapy 2024; 16:115-130. [PMID: 38112064 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2023-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs), especially methotrexate, are the cornerstone of treating psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The use of csDMARDs with biologics has increased their efficacy in psoriasis. However, the combination of two oral DMARDs in patients with PsA has not been adequately reviewed. In this study, we explore the combinational use of methotrexate with DMARDs in PsA patients. Materials & methods: A review was conducted using Medline (PubMed), Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library, covering articles up to February 2023. Results & conclusion: Nine studies comprising 1993 participants were included. The evidence supporting combination therapy remains limited. Combinational therapy could be considered in patients with inadequate response to monotherapy or no access to biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyng-Shiuan Hsieh
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital & National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Tsen-Fang Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital & National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
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Kragsnaes MS, Jensen JRB, Nilsson AC, Malik MI, Munk HL, Pedersen JK, Horn HC, Kruhøffer M, Kristiansen K, Mullish BH, Marchesi JR, Kjeldsen J, Röttger R, Ellingsen T. Dynamics of inflammation-associated plasma proteins following faecal microbiota transplantation in patients with psoriatic arthritis and healthy controls: exploratory findings from the FLORA trial. RMD Open 2024; 10:e003750. [PMID: 38296309 PMCID: PMC10836383 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The gut microbiota can mediate both pro and anti-inflammatory responses. In patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), we investigated the impact of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), relative to sham transplantation, on 92 inflammation-associated plasma proteins. METHODS This study relates to the FLORA trial cohort, where 31 patients with moderate-to-high peripheral PsA disease activity, despite at least 3 months of methotrexate treatment, were included in a 26-week, double-blind, randomised, sham-controlled trial. Participants were allocated to receive either one gastroscopic-guided healthy donor FMT (n=15) or sham (n=16). Patient plasma samples were collected at baseline, week 4, 12 and 26 while samples from 31 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) were collected at baseline. Samples were analysed using proximity extension assay technology (Olink Target-96 Inflammation panel). RESULTS Levels of 26 proteins differed significantly between PsA and HC pre-FMT (adjusted p<0.05), of which 10 proteins were elevated in PsA: IL-6, CCL20, CCL19, CDCP1, FGF-21, HGF, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-18R1, monocyte chemotactic protein 3, and IL-2. In the FMT group, levels of 12 proteins changed significantly across all timepoints (tumour necrosis factor (TNF), CDCP1, IFN-γ, TWEAK, signalling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAMF1), CD8A, CD5, Flt3L, CCL25, FGF-23, CD6, caspase-8). Significant differences in protein levels between FMT and sham-treated patients were observed for TNF (p=0.002), IFN-γ (p=0.011), stem cell factor (p=0.024), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (p=0.038), and SLAMF1 (p=0.042). FMT had the largest positive effect on IFN-γ, Axin-1 and CCL25 and the largest negative effect on CCL19 and IL-6. CONCLUSIONS Patients with active PsA have a distinct immunological plasma protein signature compared with HC pre-FMT. FMT affects several of these disease markers, including sustained elevation of IFN-γ. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03058900.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Skov Kragsnaes
- Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Muhammad Irfan Malik
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (IMADA), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Heidi Lausten Munk
- Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Kristian Pedersen
- Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Metagenomics, Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Benjamin H Mullish
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Imperial College London Faculty of Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Julian R Marchesi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Imperial College London Faculty of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jens Kjeldsen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Richard Röttger
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science (IMADA), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Torkell Ellingsen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Yousif P, Nahra V, Khan MA, Magrey M. Disease characteristics, pathogenesis, and treatment controversies of axial psoriatic arthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2024; 91:105625. [PMID: 37495073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2023.105625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Axial psoriatic arthritis (axPsA) has considerable overlap with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) but has some unique features that sometimes preclude classification into axSpA. It has some clinical and radiographic differences compared to axSpA. Imaging typically shows asymmetric syndesmophytes, mainly in the cervical spine, with less frequent sacroiliitis. It more commonly presents later in life and is associated with less severe inflammatory back pain than axSpA. The interleukin (IL) IL-23/IL-17 axis is central to the pathogenesis of both diseases. However, the response to therapies targeting these cytokines has been different. IL-23 inhibitors are ineffective in axSpA but may be effective in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Recent post hoc analyses of clinical trial data with IL-23 inhibitors in PsA have raised the possibility of their efficacy in axPsA and need evaluation in future clinical trials. Moreover, there is a need for classification criteria for axPsA and better tools to assess therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Yousif
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Vicky Nahra
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Muhammad A Khan
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Marina Magrey
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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Soriano ER, Coates LC, Kavanaugh A. GRAPPA 2021 Treatment Recommendations for Psoriatic Arthritis. J Rheumatol 2023; 50:31-32. [PMID: 37419619 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.2023-0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
At the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) 2022 annual meeting, the recently published new GRAPPA recommendations were presented and their unique characteristics highlighted, including their truly international approach, the inclusion of patient views from the very beginning, the representation by both rheumatologists and dermatologists, consideration of the diverse domains of psoriatic arthritis, and the inclusion of comorbidities to inform possible adverse events and their potential influence on treatment choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique R Soriano
- E.R. Soriano, MD, MSc, Rheumatology Unit, Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, and Institute University Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina;
| | - Laura C Coates
- L.C. Coates, MBChB, PhD, Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Arthur Kavanaugh
- A. Kavanaugh, MD, Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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FitzGerald O, Behrens F, Barton A, Bertheussen H, Boutouyrie-Dumont B, Coates L, Davies O, de Wit M, Fagni F, Goodyear CS, Gurke R, Hahnefeld L, Huppertz C, Ioannidis V, Ibberson M, Katz A, Klippstein M, Koehm M, Korish S, Mackay S, Martin DA, O’Sullivan D, Patel K, Rueping S, Schett G, Scholich K, Schwenk JM, Siebert S, Simon D, Vivekanantham A, Pennington SR. Application of clinical and molecular profiling data to improve patient outcomes in psoriatic arthritis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2023; 15:1759720X231192315. [PMID: 37694182 PMCID: PMC10492462 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x231192315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving a good outcome for a person with Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) is made difficult by late diagnosis, heterogenous clinical disease expression and in many cases, failure to adequately suppress inflammatory disease features. Single-centre studies have certainly contributed to our understanding of disease pathogenesis, but to adequately address the major areas of unmet need, multi-partner, collaborative research programmes are now required. HIPPOCRATES is a 5-year, Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) programme which includes 17 European academic centres experienced in PsA research, 5 pharmaceutical industry partners, 3 small-/medium-sized industry partners and 2 patient-representative organizations. In this review, the ambitious programme of work to be undertaken by HIPPOCRATES is outlined and common approaches and challenges are identified. It is expected that, when completed, the results will ultimately allow for changes in the approaches to diagnosing, managing and treating PsA allowing for better short-term and long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver FitzGerald
- School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular Research, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Frank Behrens
- Translational Rheumatology, Immunology – Inflammation Medicine, University Hospital Goethe-University, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune Mediated Diseases, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anne Barton
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Laura Coates
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Maarten de Wit
- GRAPPA Patient Research Partner, Zaltbommel, the Netherlands
| | - Filippo Fagni
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carl S. Goodyear
- School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinar & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert Gurke
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune Mediated Diseases, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lisa Hahnefeld
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune Mediated Diseases, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Vassilios Ioannidis
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mark Ibberson
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Maximilian Klippstein
- Translational Rheumatology, Immunology – Inflammation Medicine, University Hospital Goethe-University, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune Mediated Diseases, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michaela Koehm
- Translational Rheumatology, Immunology – Inflammation Medicine, University Hospital Goethe-University, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune Mediated Diseases, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Sina Mackay
- Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems IAIS, Sankt Augustin and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune Mediated Diseases, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David A. Martin
- Pfizer Immunology & Inflammation Research Unit, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Khadijah Patel
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stefan Rueping
- Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems IAIS, Sankt Augustin and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune Mediated Diseases, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaus Scholich
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune Mediated Diseases, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jochen M. Schwenk
- Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Stefan Siebert
- School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinar & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David Simon
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arani Vivekanantham
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen R. Pennington
- School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular Research, University College Dublin, Ireland
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Kao PE, Lee YH, Ma KSK, Ker A, Leung YY. Current treatment strategies and recommendations in psoriatic arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis 2023; 26:8-10. [PMID: 36591904 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-En Kao
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Heng Lee
- Department of Orthopedics, Cishan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Senior Services Industry Management, Minghsin University of Science and Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Recreation and Sport Management, Shu-Te University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kevin Sheng-Kai Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Global Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Amy Ker
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Leung
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore City, Singapore
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8
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Soriano ER, Kavanaugh A, Coates LC. Prologue: Evidence Informing the GRAPPA 2021 Treatment Recommendations, by Domain. J Rheumatol Suppl 2023; 50:117-118. [PMID: 36243414 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.220486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique R Soriano
- E.R. Soriano, MD, University Institute, and Rheumatology Unit, Internal Medicine Services, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina;
| | - Arthur Kavanaugh
- A. Kavanaugh, MD, Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Laura C Coates
- L.C. Coates, PhD, MBChB, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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