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Du J, Wang J, Shan S, Mi T, Song Y, Xia Y, Ma S, Zhang G, Ma L, Niu N. Low-Temperature-Mediated Promoter Methylation Relates to the Expression of TaPOR2D, Affecting the Level of Chlorophyll Accumulation in Albino Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14697. [PMID: 37834145 PMCID: PMC10573025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorophyll is an indispensable photoreceptor in plant photosynthesis. Its anabolic imbalance is detrimental to individual growth and development. As an essential epigenetic modification, DNA methylation can induce phenotypic variations, such as leaf color transformation, by regulating gene expression. Albino line XN1376B is a natural mutation of winter wheat cultivar XN1376; however, the regulatory mechanism of its albinism is still unclear. In this study, we found that low temperatures induced albinism in XN1376B. The number of chloroplasts decreased as the phenomenon of bleaching intensified and the fence tissue and sponge tissue slowly dissolved. We identified six distinct TaPOR (protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase) genes in the wheat genome, and TaPOR2D was deemed to be related to the phenomenon of albinism based on the expression in different color leaves (green leaves, white leaves and returned green leaves) and the analysis of promoters' cis-acting elements. TaPOR2D was localized to chloroplasts. TaPOR2D overexpression (TaPOR2D-OE) enhanced the chlorophyll significantly in Arabidopsis, especially at two weeks; the amount of chlorophyll was 6.46 mg/L higher than in WT. The methylation rate of the TaPOR2D promoter in low-temperature albino leaves is as high as 93%, whereas there was no methylation in green leaves. Correspondingly, three DNA methyltransferase genes (TaMET1, TaDRM and TaCMT) were up-regulated in white leaves. Our study clarified that the expression of TaPOR2D is associated with its promoter methylation at a low temperature; it affects the level of chlorophyll accumulation, which probably causes the abnormal development of plant chloroplasts in albino wheat XN1376B. The results provide a theoretical basis for in-depth analysis of the regulation of development of plant chloroplasts and color variation in wheat XN1376B leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Du
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.D.); (J.W.); (S.S.); (T.M.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (S.M.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang 712100, China
- Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.D.); (J.W.); (S.S.); (T.M.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (S.M.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang 712100, China
- Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Sicong Shan
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.D.); (J.W.); (S.S.); (T.M.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (S.M.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang 712100, China
- Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Tian Mi
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.D.); (J.W.); (S.S.); (T.M.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (S.M.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang 712100, China
- Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yulong Song
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.D.); (J.W.); (S.S.); (T.M.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (S.M.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang 712100, China
- Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yu Xia
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.D.); (J.W.); (S.S.); (T.M.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (S.M.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang 712100, China
- Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Shoucai Ma
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.D.); (J.W.); (S.S.); (T.M.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (S.M.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang 712100, China
- Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Gaisheng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.D.); (J.W.); (S.S.); (T.M.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (S.M.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang 712100, China
- Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Lingjian Ma
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.D.); (J.W.); (S.S.); (T.M.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (S.M.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang 712100, China
- Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Na Niu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.D.); (J.W.); (S.S.); (T.M.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (S.M.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang 712100, China
- Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Xianyang 712100, China
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Du L, Ma Z, Mao H. Duplicate Genes Contribute to Variability in Abiotic Stress Resistance in Allopolyploid Wheat. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2465. [PMID: 37447026 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Gene duplication is a universal biological phenomenon that drives genomic variation and diversity, plays a crucial role in plant evolution, and contributes to innovations in genetic engineering and crop development. Duplicated genes participate in the emergence of novel functionality, such as adaptability to new or more severe abiotic stress resistance. Future crop research will benefit from advanced, mechanistic understanding of the effects of gene duplication, especially in the development and deployment of high-performance, stress-resistant, elite wheat lines. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of gene duplication in wheat, including the principle of gene duplication and its effects on gene function, the diversity of duplicated genes, and how they have functionally diverged. Then, we discuss how duplicated genes contribute to abiotic stress response and the mechanisms of duplication. Finally, we have a future prospects section that discusses the direction of future efforts in the short term regarding the elucidation of replication and retention mechanisms of repetitive genes related to abiotic stress response in wheat, excellent gene function research, and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linying Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhenbing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hude Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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