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Yang K, Liu J, Gong Y, Li Y, Liu Q. Bioinformatics and systems biology approaches to identify molecular targeting mechanism influenced by COVID-19 on heart failure. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1052850. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1052850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a contemporary hazard to people. It has been known that COVID-19 can both induce heart failure (HF) and raise the risk of patient mortality. However, the mechanism underlying the association between COVID-19 and HF remains unclear. The common molecular pathways between COVID-19 and HF were identified using bioinformatic and systems biology techniques. Transcriptome analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). To identify gene ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, common DEGs were used for enrichment analysis. The results showed that COVID-19 and HF have several common immune mechanisms, including differentiation of T helper (Th) 1, Th 2, Th 17 cells; activation of lymphocytes; and binding of major histocompatibility complex class I and II protein complexes. Furthermore, a protein-protein interaction network was constructed to identify hub genes, and immune cell infiltration analysis was performed. Six hub genes (FCGR3A, CD69, IFNG, CCR7, CCL5, and CCL4) were closely associated with COVID-19 and HF. These targets were associated with immune cells (central memory CD8 T cells, T follicular helper cells, regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, macrophages, eosinophils, and neutrophils). Additionally, transcription factors, microRNAs, drugs, and chemicals that are closely associated with COVID-19 and HF were identified through the interaction network.
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Hung DT, Ghula S, Aziz JMA, Makram AM, Tawfik GM, Abozaid AAF, Pancharatnam RA, Ibrahim AM, Shabouk MB, Turnage M, Nakhare S, Karmally Z, Kouz B, Le TN, Alhijazeen S, Phuong NQ, Ads AM, Abdelaal AH, Nam NH, Iiyama T, Kita K, Hirayama K, Huy NT. The efficacy and adverse effects of favipiravir on patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published clinical trials and observational studies. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 120:217-227. [PMID: 35470021 PMCID: PMC9023375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and adverse events of favipiravir in patients with COVID-19. Methods Our protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020206305). Fourteen databases were searched until February 8th, 2021. An update search for new RCTs was done on March 2nd, 2022. Meta-analysis was done for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs. Results Overall, 157 studies (24 RCTs, 1 non-RCT, 21 observational studies, 2 case series, and 106 case reports) were included. On hospitalized patients, in comparison to standard of care, favipiravir showed a higher rate of viral clearance at day 5 (RR = 1.60, p = 0.02), defervescence at day 3–4 (RR = 1.99, p <0.01), chest radiological improvement (RR = 1.33, p <0.01), hospital discharge at day 10–11 (RR = 1.19, p <0.01), and shorter clinical improvement time (MD = –1.18, p = 0.05). Regarding adverse events, favipiravir groups had higher rates of hyperuricemia (RR = 9.42, p <0.01), increased alanine aminotransferase (RR = 1.35, p <0.01) but lower rates of nausea (RR = 0.42, p <0.01) and vomiting (R R= 0.19, p=0.02). There were no differences regarding mortality (RR=1.19, p=0.32), and increased aspartate aminotransferase (RR = 1.11, p = 0.25). On nonhospitalized patients, no significant differences were reported. Conclusions Adding favipiravir to the standard of care provides better outcomes for hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Pregnant, lactating women, and patients with a history of hyperuricemia should avoid using favipiravir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang The Hung
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Suhaib Ghula
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; School of Medicine, The University of Buckingham, Buckingham, UK.
| | - Jeza Muhamad Abdul Aziz
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College Health Science, University of Human Development, Sulaimani, Iraq; Baxshin Research centre, Baxshin Hospital, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq.
| | - Abdelrahman M Makram
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Gehad Mohamed Tawfik
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ali Ahmed-Fouad Abozaid
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rohan Andrew Pancharatnam
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; School of Medicine, The University of Buckingham, Buckingham, UK.
| | - Amr Mohamed Ibrahim
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.
| | - Muhammad Besher Shabouk
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.
| | - Morgan Turnage
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; Einstein Medical Center Montgomery, East Norriton, Pennsylvania, USA; American University of the Caribbean, School of Medicine, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten.
| | - Saloni Nakhare
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; School of Medicine, The University of Buckingham, Buckingham, UK.
| | - Zahra Karmally
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; School of Medicine, The University of Buckingham, Buckingham, UK.
| | - Basel Kouz
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Damascus Governorate, Syria.
| | - Tran Nhat Le
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue, Vietnam.
| | - Suleiman Alhijazeen
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; Graduate of Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan.
| | - Nguyen Quoc Phuong
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; Faculty of Biology - Biotechnology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam.
| | - Alaa Mohamed Ads
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Ali Hussein Abdelaal
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt.
| | - Nguyen Hai Nam
- Online Research Club (http://www.onlineresearchclub.org), Nagasaki, Japan; Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Harvard Medical School, Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
| | - Tatsuo Iiyama
- Department of International Trials, Center of Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kyoshi Kita
- Department of International Trials, Center of Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kenji Hirayama
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
| | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
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Enomoto T, Shiroyama T, Hirata H, Amiya S, Adachi Y, Niitsu T, Noda Y, Hara R, Fukushima K, Suga Y, Miyake K, Koyama S, Iwahori K, Nagatomo I, Tokuhira N, Uchiyama A, Takeda Y, Kumanogoh A. COVID‐19 in a human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type‐1 carrier. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e05463. [PMID: 35223018 PMCID: PMC8847415 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first report of COVID‐19 in a human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type‐1 (HTLV‐1) carrier. HTLV‐1 infection can cause immune dysfunction even in asymptomatic carriers. This case highlights the need for guidance on management of COVID‐19‐HTLV‐1 coinfection, specifically on the appropriate use of corticosteroid treatment while considering secondary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatoshi Enomoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Takayuki Shiroyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Haruhiko Hirata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Saori Amiya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Yuichi Adachi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Takayuki Niitsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Yoshimi Noda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Reina Hara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Kiyoharu Fukushima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Kotaro Miyake
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Shohei Koyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Kota Iwahori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Izumi Nagatomo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Natsuko Tokuhira
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Akinori Uchiyama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Yoshito Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, WPI, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC) Osaka University Osaka Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI) Osaka University Osaka Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease for Education and Research (CiDER) Osaka University Osaka Japan
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Julian K, Shah N, Banjade R, Bhatt D. Utility of Ct values in differentiating COVID-19 reinfection versus prolonged viral shedding in an immunocompromised patient. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/7/e243692. [PMID: 34315745 PMCID: PMC8317077 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-243692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the case of a 26-year-old man who presented to an outside hospital with concerns of blurred vision. He subsequently tested positive for COVID-19 and his lab work suggested acute leukaemia. The patient was admitted to our hospital and completed a course of remdesivir. He eventually tested negative for COVID-19 before initiating chemotherapy. Two days after starting chemotherapy, he developed a neutropenic fever and tested positive for COVID-19. Through this case, we aim to bring attention to patients who recurrently test positive with COVID-19 PCR testing, thereby causing a dilemma of differentiating between reinfections and prolonged shedding of the virus, as well as understand and use cycle threshold values to discern these aetiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neal Shah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rashmi Banjade
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dhirisha Bhatt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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