Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cryoglobulinemia: cryoglobulin type and anti-HCV profile.
CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013;
20:698-703. [PMID:
23467778 DOI:
10.1128/cvi.00720-12]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cryoglobulin characteristics in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) might be of importance for knowing more about the pathogenesis and treatment of the disease. We aimed to investigate the relationship between cryoglobulin types and their specificity against hepatitis C virus (HCV) antigenic epitopes in CHC patients. We analyzed samples from 43 patients with HCV-associated cryoglobulinemia, of whom 4 had concomitant lymphoma. Cryoglobulins were measured, purified, typed by immunofixation electrophoresis, and tested for IgG and IgM anti-HCV antibodies by immunoblot analysis and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Clinical and other laboratory data were recorded. The median cryocrit level of the tested samples was 6%. Type I cryoglobulins were detected in 9.3% (4/43) of the cryoprecipitates, and type II cryoglobulins were detected in 48.8% (21/43) of the cryoprecipitates. IgM monoclonal protein, mainly IgM(κ), was found in 92% (23/25) of type I and II cryoprecipitates. Type III cryoglobulins were identified in 41.9% (18/43) of the patients and were associated with high blood serum IgG levels. In 81.3% (13/16) of type II and 92.3% (12/13) of type III cryoglobulins, there was IgG reactivity against the viral core region. Ninety-two percent and 32% of IgG anti-HCV core-positive cryoprecipitates had additional specificities against the NS3 and NS4 regions, respectively. Also, IgM anti-HCV antibodies were detected in 31% of the cryoprecipitates. In conclusion, all types of cryoglobulins were found in patients with HCV-associated cryoglobulinemia, with type II being the most frequently identified. Type III cryoglobulins were common and were associated with high serum IgG levels. HCV-related cryoglobulins demonstrated IgM, and particularly IgG, anti-HCV specificities, mainly against the core and NS3 epitopes.
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