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Liu F, You F, Yang L, Wang S, Xie D. Metformin improves diabetic neuropathy by reducing inflammation through up-regulating the expression of miR-146a and suppressing oxidative stress. J Diabetes Complications 2024; 38:108737. [PMID: 38642448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2024.108737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a notable complication of diabetes mellitus. The potential involvement of miR-146a in DN regulation is presently under investigation. Metformin, a commonly prescribed medication for diabetes, is the primary therapeutic intervention. This study aimed to unveil the potential protective effects of metformin on diabetic neuropathy and explore the mechanisms underlying its action. METHOD Six-weeks male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 40) were randomly divided into 5 groups. The rat model of diabetic neuropathy (DN) was established by administering streptozotocin (STZ). To investigate the effects on the sciatic nerve and resident Schwann cells (RSCs), metformin and miR-146a mimics were administered, and our research explored the potential underlying mechanism. RESULT The sciatic nerve samples obtained from diabetic rats exhibited noticeable morphological damage, accompanied by decreased miR-146a expression (2.61 ± 0.11 vs 5.0 ± 0.3, p < 0.01) and increased inflammation levels (p65: 1.89 ± 0.04 vs 0.82 ± 0.05, p < 0.01; TNF-α: 0.93 ± 0.03 vs 0.33 ± 0.03, p < 0.01). Notably, the administration of metformin effectively ameliorated the structural alterations in the sciatic nerve by suppressing the inflammatory pathway (p65: 1.15 ± 0.05 vs 1.89 ± 0.04, p < 0.01; TNF-α: 0.67 ± 0.04 vs 0.93 ± 0.03, p < 0.01) and reducing oxidative stress (NO: 0.062 ± 0.004 vs 0.154 ± 0.004umol/mg, p < 0.01; SOD: 3.08 ± 0.09 vs 2.46 ± 0.09 U/mg, p < 0.01). The miR-146a mimics intervention group exhibited comparable findings. CONCLUSION This study's findings implied that metformin can potentially mitigate diabetic neuropathy in rats through the modulation of miR-146a expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Fuzhou First General Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China
| | - Fangqin You
- Department of General Surgery, Fuzhou First General Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China
| | - Lihang Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fuzhou First General Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China
| | - Siyun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fuzhou First General Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China
| | - Diya Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Fuzhou First General Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China.
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Jin HY, Lee KA, Kim YJ, Gwak IS, Park TS, Yeom SW, Kim JS. Bidirectional association between diabetic peripheral neuropathy and vitamin B12 deficiency: Two longitudinal 9-year follow-up studies using a national sample cohort. Prim Care Diabetes 2023; 17:436-443. [PMID: 37344286 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to investigate the association among metformin use, vit B12 deficiency, and DPN occurrence in diabetes. METHODS This retrospective, propensity-matched cohort study was performed using National Health Insurance Service database - National Sample Cohort in South Korea. Study 1 analyzed DPN incidence according to vit B12 deficiency and study 2 analyzed vit B12 deficiency incidence according to the presence/absence of DPN. Moreover, we compared the results with respect to metformin use. RESULTS In study 1, DPN incidence per 10000 person-year (PY) was 179.7 and 76.6 in the vit B12 and non-vit B12 deficiency groups, respectively. The adjusted HR was 1.32 (95% CI; 1.21-1.44, P < 0.05) and metformin use elicited a more significant effect of DPN occurrence in patient with vit B12 deficiency (HR: 5.76 (95% CI; 5.28-6.29). In study 2, vit B12 deficiency incidence per 10000 PY was 250.6 and 129.4 in the DPN and non-DPN groups, respectively. The adjusted HR was 2.44 (95% CI; 2.24-2.66, P < 0.05), however, metformin prescription was associated with the reduced incidence of vit B12 deficiency in DPN patients (HR 0.68 (95% CI; 0.62-0.74, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION DPN occurrence increased in diabetes with vit B12 deficiency and the incidence of vit B12 deficiency was also high in DPN patients. However, metformin showed opposite effects in both cohorts. Further studies clarifying the causal relationship among DPN occurrence, vit B12 deficiency, and metformin use are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heung Yong Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Jeonbuk National University, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University - Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Kyung Ae Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Jeonbuk National University, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University - Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Yu Ji Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Jeonbuk National University, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University - Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - In Sun Gwak
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Jeonbuk National University, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University - Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Tae Sun Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Jeonbuk National University, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University - Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Sang Woo Yeom
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School, Jeonbuk National University, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University - Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School, Jeonbuk National University, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University - Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea.
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Sun KH, Choi CH, Cho GW, Jang CH. Effect of Metformin on the Functional and Electrophysiological Recovery of Crush Injury-Induced Facial Nerve Paralysis in Diabetic Rats. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1317. [PMID: 37763084 PMCID: PMC10532940 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of metformin on the rat facial nerve following crush injury has only occasionally been documented to date. The purpose of the current investigation was to use functional and electrophysiological evaluations to investigate the effects of metformin administration on recovery following crush injury to the rat facial nerve. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: the nonDM/PBS group (n = 4), the nonDM/metformin group (n = 4), the DM/PBS group (n = 4), and the DM/metformin group (n = 4). Diabetes was generated by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Facial nerve paralysis was induced by a crush injury 7 days after diabetes induction. The blood glucose levels of the DM/PBS and DM/metformin groups were maintained at over 300 mg/dL, whereas the blood glucose levels of the nonDM/PBS and nonDM/metformin groups were maintained at less than 150 mg/dL. There was no significant difference between the two nonDM groups. In comparison to the PBS group, the metformin group's recurrence of vibrissa fibrillation occurred noticeably sooner over time. The nonDM/metformin group showed the highest recovery rate in the second, third, and fourth weeks post-crush, respectively. The threshold of action potential 4 weeks after crush injury showed that the nonDM/metformin group had a significantly lower mean threshold of MAP compared to other groups. The short-term effect of metformin on the recovery of facial nerve blood flow (FNBF) was significantly increased compared to the DM/PBS group. However, there was no significant difference in FNBF between the nonDM/metformin and nonDM/PBS groups. A diabetic condition promoted a delay in FN regeneration. Metformin is able to accelerate functional recovery in diabetic or nondiabetic FN-injured rats. Further studies using a morphometric or molecular approach are planned to understand the pharmacologic mechanism of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hoon Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Cheol Hee Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Gwang-Won Cho
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
- BK21 FOUR Education Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Department of Integrative Biological Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Ho Jang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chonnam University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Otolaryngology, Gwangju Veterans Hospital, Gwangju 62284, Republic of Korea
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Karami F, Jamaati H, Coleman-Fuller N, Zeini MS, Hayes AW, Gholami M, Salehirad M, Darabi M, Motaghinejad M. Is metformin neuroprotective against diabetes mellitus-induced neurodegeneration? An updated graphical review of molecular basis. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:511-543. [PMID: 37093496 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00469-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that activates several molecular pathways involved in neurodegenerative disorders. Metformin, an anti-hyperglycemic drug used for treating DM, has the potential to exert a significant neuroprotective role against the detrimental effects of DM. This review discusses recent clinical and laboratory studies investigating the neuroprotective properties of metformin against DM-induced neurodegeneration and the roles of various molecular pathways, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and its related cascades. A literature search was conducted from January 2000 to December 2022 using multiple databases including Web of Science, Wiley, Springer, PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Google Scholar, the Core Collection, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library to collect and evaluate peer-reviewed literature regarding the neuroprotective role of metformin against DM-induced neurodegenerative events. The literature search supports the conclusion that metformin is neuroprotective against DM-induced neuronal cell degeneration in both peripheral and central nervous systems, and this effect is likely mediated via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Karami
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Jamaati
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Natalie Coleman-Fuller
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Maryam Shokrian Zeini
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida College of Public Health and Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Mina Gholami
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Salehirad
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Darabi
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Wei J, Wei Y, Huang M, Wang P, Jia S. Is metformin a possible treatment for diabetic neuropathy? J Diabetes 2022; 14:658-669. [PMID: 36117320 PMCID: PMC9574743 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a hypoglycemic drug widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It has been proven to have analgesic and neuroprotective effects. Metformin can reverse pain in rodents, such as diabetic neuropathic pain, neuropathic pain caused by chemotherapy drugs, inflammatory pain and pain caused by surgical incision. In clinical use, however, metformin is associated with reduced plasma vitamin B12 levels, which can further neuropathy. In rodent diabetes models, metformin plays a neuroprotective and analgesic role by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, clearing methylgloxal, reducing insulin resistance, and neuroinflammation. This paper also summarized the neurological adverse reactions of metformin in diabetic patients. In addition, whether metformin has sexual dimorphism needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juechun Wei
- The Second Medical CollegeBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Yanling Wei
- Qingdao Dongheng Zhiyuan Automobile Service Co. LTDQingdaoChina
| | - Meiyan Huang
- The Second Medical CollegeBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Peng Wang
- The Second Medical CollegeBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Shushan Jia
- Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
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Yang Q, Wang G, Fang D, Gao X, Liang Y, Wang L, Wu J, Zeng M, Luo M. The role of MicroRNA networks in tissue-specific direct and indirect effects of metformin and its application. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113130. [PMID: 35598373 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a first-line oral antidiabetic agent that results in clear benefits in relation to glucose metabolism and diabetes-related complications. The specific regulatory details and mechanisms underlying these benefits are still unclear and require further investigation. There is recent mounting evidence that metformin has pleiotropic effects on the target tissue development in metabolic organs, including adipose tissue, the gastrointestinal tract and the liver. The mechanism of actions of metformin are divided into direct effects on target tissues and indirect effects via non-targeted tissues. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous, noncoding, negative gene regulators that have emerged as important regulators of a number of diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metformin is involved in many aspects of miRNA regulation, and metformin treatment in T2DM should be associated with other miRNA targets. A large number of miRNAs regulation by metformin in target tissues with either direct or indirect effects has gradually been revealed in the context of numerous diseases and has gradually received increasing attention. This paper thoroughly reviews the current knowledge about the role of miRNA networks in the tissue-specific direct and indirect effects of metformin. Furthermore, this knowledge provides a novel theoretical basis and suggests therapeutic targets for the clinical treatment of metformin and miRNA regulators in the prevention and treatment of cancer, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes and its complications.
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Hagedorn JM, Engle AM, George TK, Karri J, Abdullah N, Ovrom E, Bocanegra-Becerra JE, D'Souza RS. An overview of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: Diagnosis and treatment advancements. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 188:109928. [PMID: 35580704 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus remains a public health problem, affecting 422 million people worldwide. Currently, there is no consensus around treating painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy in a step-wise manner. Among the non-pharmacological interventions, neuromodulation has become a promising alternative. Over the past decade, significant clinical trials have paved the way for prompt inclusion of high-frequency spinal cord stimulation within the painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy treatment algorithm. This article aims to provide an updated evidence-based approach for the management of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alyson M Engle
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jay Karri
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Newaj Abdullah
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Erik Ovrom
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Ryan S D'Souza
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Pain Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Min HK, Kim SH, Choi JH, Choi K, Kim HR, Lee SH. Impacts of statin and metformin on neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Korean Health Insurance data. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:10198-10207. [PMID: 34904090 PMCID: PMC8638058 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i33.10198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathy is a common chronic complication in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Statin and metformin are commonly used medications in T2DM patients, and some studies showed statin- or metformin-induced neuropathy.
AIM To evaluate the incidence of neuropathy among patients with T2DM associated with statin and metformin therapies.
METHODS Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment national patient sample data from 2016 and 2017 were used. Patients with T2DM and no complications were divided into statin/metformin/statin + metformin users and non-users. Neuropathy incidence was defined by International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision codes and concomitant prescriptions for anticonvulsants or antidepressants. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between statin/metformin/statin + metformin therapies and the incidence of neuropathy. Propensity score (PS) matching was performed on the basis of age, sex and comorbidities.
RESULTS Overall, 34964 and 35887 patients with T2DM and no complications were included in the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment national patient sample datasets from 2016 and 2017, respectively. Statin therapy was associated with increased risks of neuropathy in 2016 and 2017 [PS-matched odds ratio (OR) = 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-1.38; PS-matched OR = 1.17, 95%CI: 1.03-1.33, respectively]. Metformin therapy was associated with reduced risks of neuropathy in 2016 and 2017 (PS-matched OR = 0.30, 95%CI: 0.21-0.42; PS-matched OR = 0.44, 95%CI: 0.32-0.60, respectively). Combined statin + metformin therapy was not significantly associated with neuropathy in 2016 or 2017 (PS-matched OR = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.61-1.19; PS-matched OR = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.66-1.38, respectively).
CONCLUSION Statin therapy was associated with enhanced risk of new-onset neuropathy in patients with T2DM, but metformin therapy showed the opposite association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ki Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul KS013, South Korea
| | - Se Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul KS013, South Korea
| | - Jong Han Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul KS013, South Korea
| | - Kyomin Choi
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul KS013, South Korea
| | - Hae-Rim Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul KS013, South Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul KS013, South Korea
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Koo BK. Metformin Preserves Peripheral Nerve Damage with Comparable Effects to Alpha Lipoic Acid in Streptozotocin/High-Fat Diet Induced Diabetic Rats (Diabetes Metab J 2020;44:842-53). Diabetes Metab J 2021; 45:125-126. [PMID: 33508909 PMCID: PMC7850877 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2020.0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kyung Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding author: Bo Kyung Koo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6489-2656 Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 07061, Korea E-mail:
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Kim SH, Park TS, Jin HY. Metformin Preserves Peripheral Nerve Damage with Comparable Effects to Alpha Lipoic Acid in Streptozotocin/High-Fat Diet Induced Diabetic Rats (Diabetes Metab J 2020;44:842-53). Diabetes Metab J 2021; 45:127-128. [PMID: 33508910 PMCID: PMC7850881 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2020.0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Tae Sun Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Heung Yong Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
- Corresponding author: Heung Yong Jin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1841-2092 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54907, Korea E-mail:
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Nawata K. Estimation of Diabetes Prevalence, and Evaluation of Factors Affecting Blood Glucose Levels and Use of Medications in Japan. Health (London) 2021. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2021.1312102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
Introduction: Metformin is currently first line therapy for type 2 diabetes (T2D). The mechanism of action of metformin involves activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to enhance mitochondrial function (for example, biogenesis, refurbishment and dynamics) and autophagy. Many neurodegenerative diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems arise from metabolic failure and toxic protein aggregation where activated AMPK could prove protective. Areas covered: The authors review literature on metformin treatment in Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease and other neurological diseases of the CNS along with neuroprotective effects of AMPK activation and suppression of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway on peripheral neuropathy and neuropathic pain. The authors compare the efficacy of metformin with the actions of resveratrol. Expert opinion: Metformin, through activation of AMPK and autophagy, can enhance neuronal bioenergetics, promote nerve repair and reduce toxic protein aggregates in neurological diseases. A long history of safe use in humans should encourage development of metformin and other AMPK activators in preclinical and clinical research. Future studies in animal models of neurological disease should strive to further dissect in a mechanistic manner the pathways downstream from metformin-dependent AMPK activation, and to further investigate mTOR dependent and independent signaling pathways driving neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Demaré
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre , Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Asha Kothari
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre , Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nigel A Calcutt
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul Fernyhough
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre , Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Won JC. The Anti-Diabetic Drug Metformin from the Neuropathy Perspective. Diabetes Metab J 2020; 44:840-841. [PMID: 33389958 PMCID: PMC7801752 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2020.0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Chul Won
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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