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Liu HF, Huang XY, Li ZM, Zhou ZY, Zhong ZJ, Peng GN. Virulence gene detection and antimicrobial resistance analysis of Enterococcus faecium in captive giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in China. Acta Vet Scand 2023; 65:4. [PMID: 36737784 PMCID: PMC9898886 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-023-00668-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of multidrug resistance among enterococci makes effective treatment of enterococcal infections more challenging. Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) are vulnerable to oral trauma and lesions as they feast on bamboo. Enterococci may contaminate such oral lesions and cause infection necessitating treatment with antibiotics. However, few studies have focused on the virulence and drug resistance of oral-derived enterococci, including Enterococcus faecium, in giant pandas. In this study, we analyzed the prevalence of 8 virulence genes and 14 drug resistance genes in E. faecium isolates isolated from saliva samples of giant pandas held in captivity in China and examined the antimicrobial drug susceptibility patterns of the E. faecium isolates. RESULTS Twenty-eight isolates of E. faecium were successfully isolated from the saliva samples. Four virulence genes were detected, with the acm gene showing the highest prevalence (89%). The cylA, cpd, esp, and hyl genes were not detected. The isolated E. faecium isolates possessed strong resistance to a variety of drugs; however, they were sensitive to high concentrations of aminoglycosides. The resistance rates to vancomycin, linezolid, and nitrofurantoin were higher than those previously revealed by similar studies in China and other countries. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study indicate the drugs of choice for treatment of oral E. faecium infection in the giant panda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Liu
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yao Huang
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Meng Li
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-Yao Zhou
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhong
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang-Neng Peng
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 People’s Republic of China
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Hasanpour F, Neyestani Z, Arzanlou M, Moradi-Asl E, Sahebkar A, Khademi F. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis of non-clinical studies. Gene Reports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Goswami M, Khan FA, Ibrisevic A, Olsson PE, Jass J. Development of Escherichia coli-based gene expression profiling of sewage sludge leachates. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1502-1517. [PMID: 29928772 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The impact of municipal waste on pathogenic micro-organisms released into the environment is a public health concern. This study aims to evaluate the effects of sewage sludge and antibiotic contaminants on stress response, virulence and antibiotic resistance in a pathogenic Escherichia coli. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of sewage sludge leachates on uropathogenic E. coli CFT073 were determined by monitoring the expression of 45 genes associated with antibiotic/metal resistance, stress response and virulence using RT-qPCR. The E. coli gene expression was validated using subinhibitory concentrations of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin. E. coli exposed to sewage sludge or sewage sludge+fly ash leachates altered the expression of five antibiotic and metal resistance, three stress response and two virulence-associated genes. When antibiotics were combined with sludge or sludge+fly ash the antibiotic-associated gene expression was altered. CONCLUSIONS E. coli treated with two sludge leachates had distinct gene expression patterns that were altered when the sludge leachates were combined with tetracycline, although to a lesser extent with ciprofloxacin. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The E. coli multigene expression analysis is a potential new tool for assessing the effects of pollutants on pathogenic microbes in environmental waters for improved risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Goswami
- The Life Science Center-Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - F A Khan
- The Life Science Center-Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - A Ibrisevic
- Eskilstuna Strängnäs Energi & Miljö AB, Eskilstuna, Sweden
| | - P-E Olsson
- The Life Science Center-Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - J Jass
- The Life Science Center-Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Jahansepas A, Ahangarzadeh Rezaee M, Hasani A, Sharifi Y, Rahnamaye Farzami M, Dolatyar A, Aghazadeh M. Molecular Epidemiology of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Isolated from Clinical Specimens in the Northwest of Iran. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 24:1165-1173. [PMID: 29708837 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in the aforementioned resistant isolates were studied using the epsilometer (E)-test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These isolates were subjected to typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Thirty vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE; 18.75%) were isolated from a total of 160 various clinical specimens cultured for any bacterial growth. Of these, 11 (36.7%) isolates were identified as E. faecalis and 19 (63.3%) as E. faecium. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of vancomycin, teicoplanin, and three alternative therapeutic options (linezolid, daptomycin, and quinupristin/dalfopristin) were determined using the E-test. Multiplex PCR was done for confirming species, identification of the resistant genotypes, and the detection of the virulence genes. Finally, the clonal relationship of all VRE strains was studied by PFGE. All VRE strains showed vancomycin MIC ≥256 μg/mL, and 27 (90%) isolates carried the vanA gene, whereas none of the isolates carried vanB. The most common resistance antibiotic pattern observed was toward rifampicin (n = 30 [100%]). Among all virulence genes studied, gelE (n = 28 [93.33%]) was found as the most prevalent virulent gene. VRE isolates exhibited 90%, 46.67%, 100%, and 66.67% resistance to teicoplanin, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, and daptomycin, respectively. Molecular typing demonstrated 16 PFGE types of VRE isolates (A-P). Although vanA was carried by most of the isolates, PFGE displayed small clonal dissemination among VR E. faecium and VR E. faecalis species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jahansepas
- 1 Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran .,2 Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahangarzadeh Rezaee
- 1 Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran .,2 Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alka Hasani
- 1 Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran .,2 Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yaeghob Sharifi
- 3 Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia, Iran
| | - Marjan Rahnamaye Farzami
- 4 Reference Health Laboratories Research Centre, Ministry of Health and Medical Education , Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Dolatyar
- 4 Reference Health Laboratories Research Centre, Ministry of Health and Medical Education , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Aghazadeh
- 1 Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran .,2 Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran
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Arabestani MR, Nasaj M, Mousavi SM. Correlation between Infective Factors and Antibiotic Resistance in Enterococci Clinical Isolates in West of Iran. Chonnam Med J 2017; 53:56-63. [PMID: 28184339 PMCID: PMC5299130 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2017.53.1.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was done to scrutinize the possible relation between infective genes and antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. Considering the fact that the presence of recognized infective determinants among clinical isolates may promote the emergence of infections and persistence of Enterococci in hospital settings, which can lead to an increase in antimicrobial resistance. 175 E. faecalis and 67 E. faecium isolated from clinical specimens were used. The isolates were identified, and then antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed. The MIC of vancomycin and teicoplanin were determined by broth microdilution method. The presence of infective genes esp, hyl and asa1 was scrutinized using PCR. Of the 280 enterococcal isolates, 175 (62.5%) isolates were identified as E. faecalis, 67 (24%) as E. faecium and 38 (13.5%) as Enterococcus spp. The results of the antibiotic susceptibility testing showed resistance rates of 5% and 73% to vancomycin and teicoplanin in E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates, respectively. The statistical analysis showed that the esp infective gene has significant associations with ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and tetracycline in E. faecium and with chloramphenicol in E. faecalis strains; the hyl with teicoplanin and vancomycin in E. faecium strains; and also asa1 with vancomycin in E. faecium and with ampicillin and chloramphenicol in E. faecalis strains. Regarding the relationships between virulence genes and antibiotic resistance in strains of E. faecalis and E. faecium, detection of infective factors associated with invasive diseases has become a major issue of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Arabestani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran.; Brucellosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
| | - Mona Nasaj
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
| | - Seyed Masoud Mousavi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
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Banerjee T, Anupurba S. Prevalence of Virulence Factors and Drug Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Enterococci: A Study from North India. J Pathog 2015; 2015:692612. [PMID: 26366302 DOI: 10.1155/2015/692612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with emergence of multidrug resistance, presence of several virulence factors in enterococci is an emerging concept. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of various virulence factors phenotypically and genotypically in enterococci and study their association with multidrug resistance. A total of 310 enterococcal isolates were studied, comprising 155 E. faecium and 155 E. faecalis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by disc diffusion and agar dilution method. Hemolysin, gelatinase, biofilm production, and haemagglutination were detected phenotypically and presence of virulence genes, namely, asa1, gelE, cylA, esp, and hyl, was detected by multiplex PCR. Of the total, 47.41% isolates were high level gentamicin resistant (HLGRE) and 7.09% were vancomycin resistant (VRE). All the virulence traits studied were found in varying proportions, with majority in E. faecalis (p > 0.05). Strong biofilm producers possessed either asa1 or gelE gene. gelE silent gene was detected in 41.37% (12/29). However, increase in resistance was associated with significant decrease in expression or acquisition of virulence genes. Further, acquisition of vancomycin resistance was the significant factor responsible for the loss of virulence traits. Though it is presumed that increased drug resistance correlates with increased virulence, acquisition of vancomycin resistance might be responsible for reduced expression of virulence traits to meet the “biological cost” relating to VRE.
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Abstract
Background: The aim of study was to find out the potential pathogenic role of virulence factors elaborated by strains of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) isolated from clinical samples and VRE colonizing the gastrointestinal tract of hospitalized patients. Materials and Methods: Enterococci were isolated from various clinical samples and also from fecal specimens of colonized patients at the time of admission, after 48 h and after 5 days of admission. Various virulence determinants were detected by phenotypic tests. Vancomycin susceptibility in enterococci was detected by disc diffusion and agar screen method. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by agar dilution method. Results: Out of all the clinical and fecal samples processed, 12.0% isolates were either vancomycin resistant or vancomycin intermediate. Hemagglutinating activity against rabbit red blood cells was seen with 27.8% and 25.0% of clinical and fecal strains, respectively. Slime layer formation was seen with fecal VRE strains (37.5%) when compared to clinical VRE (27.8%). Among the clinical VRE strains the most prolific biofilm producers were Enterococcus. fecalis (92.9%) when compared to Enterococcus. faecium (52.9%). Biofilm formation/(presence of adhesions) was also seen in (29.2%) of the fecal VREs. In wound infection production of gelatinase, deoxyribonuclease (DNase), and caseinase (70.0% each) were the major virulence factors. The predominant virulence factors seen in the blood stream infection were adhesin, and hemolysin (44.4% each) and in catheter induced infection were DNase and adhesins (75.0% each). Adhesin (29.2%), slime layer (37.6%), DNAse (33.3%), gelatinase (25.0%), lipase (20.8%) and caseinase (16.6%) and hemolysin (8.3%) were produced the fecal isolates. Conclusion: An association between adhesin (as detected by biofilm formation) and urinary tract infection, adhesion and hemolysin with BSI, as also between DNase gelatinase & caseinase with wound infection was noted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangeeta Dey
- Department of Microbiology, Katihar Medical College, Katihar, Bihar, India
| | | | - Aninda Sen
- Department of Microbiology, Katihar Medical College, Katihar, Bihar, India
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Talebi M, Jahangiri S, Eshraghi S, Pourshafie MR. Ribotyping, Antibiotic Resistance Pattern, and Virulence Factors of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Isolates From UTIs. Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 2014. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Talebi M, Sadeghi J, Pourshafie MR. Molecular Characterization of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Isolated from Intensive Care Units. Curr Microbiol 2014; 68:615-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-013-0517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Radhouani H, Igrejas G, Gonçalves A, Pacheco R, Monteiro R, Sargo R, Brito F, Torres C, Poeta P. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in Escherichia coli and enterococci from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Anaerobe 2013; 23:82-6. [PMID: 23845583 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the study were to analyse the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and the mechanisms implicated, as well as the virulence factors, in faecal Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. from red foxes. From 52 faecal samples, 22 E. coli (42.3%) and 50 enterococci (96.2%) isolates were recovered (one/sample). A high percentage of E. coli isolates exhibited resistance to streptomycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or ampicillin (54-27%), and they harboured the aadA, tet(A) and/or tet(B), sul1 and blaTEM resistance genes, respectively. The E. coli isolates were ascribed to the 4 major phylogroups, D (41% of isolates), A (31.8%), B1 (18.2%) and B2 (9.1%), and carried the fimA (63.3%) or aer (13.6%) virulence genes. Among enterococcal isolates, Enterococcus faecium was the most prevalent species (50%). A high percentage of enterococcal isolates showed tetracycline resistance (88%) harbouring different combinations of tet(M) and tet(L) genes. The erm(B) or the aph(3')-IIIa gene were identified in most of our erythromycin- or kanamycin-resistant enterococci, respectively. This report suggests the role of red foxes from rural areas in the cycle of transmission and spread of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli and enterococci into the environment, representing a reservoir of these antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Radhouani
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Center of Studies of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal; Veterinary Science Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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Sánchez Valenzuela A, Benomar N, Abriouel H, Pérez Pulido R, Martínez Cañamero M, Gálvez A. Characterization of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from wild flowers. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2012; 101:701-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-011-9684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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