Witkop's tooth and nail syndrome: a multifaceted approach to dental management

Oligodontia in the Clinical Spectrum of Syndromes: A Systematic Review

The aim of this systematic review was to describe the clinical and genetic features of syndromes showing oligodontia as a sign. The review was performed according to the PRISMA 2020 checklist guidelines, and the search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs, Web of science, Livivo, and EMBASE and supplemented by a gray literature search on Google Scholar and ProQuest, applying key terms relevant to the research questions. The systematic review identified 47 types of syndromes in 83 studies, and the most common was hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, which was reported in 24 patients in 22 studies. Other common syndromes that reported oligodontia included Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, Witkop's syndrome, Ellis-van Creveld syndrome, blepharocheilodontic syndrome, and oculofaciocardiodental syndrome. The X-linked mode of inheritance was the most reported (n = 13 studies), followed by the autosomal dominant (n = 13 studies). The review describes the main syndromes that may have oligodontia as a clinical sign and reinforces the need for orodental-facial examining for adequate diagnosis and treatment of the affected patients. Molecular analysis in order to better understand the occurrence of oligodontia is imperative.

Autosomal dominant mutation of MSX1 gene causing tooth and nail syndrome

Tooth and Nail Syndrome or Nail Dysplasias with Hypodontiaor Witkop´s Syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition present at birth and improves by age. An early diagnosis is essential to avoid future functional, aesthetic, and psychological problems. Here we report two classic cases with brief clinical, radiological and genetic investigation along with a brief review of literature.

Genodermatoses with teeth abnormalities

Many genodermatoses exhibit abnormal teeth findings. Studies examining these entities are scarce and narrow in their scope. This paper reviews the evolution, development, and structure of the tooth and provides a summary of genodermatoses with aberrant dental findings. The latter are classified according to the abnormal dental findings: periodontal disease, anodontia/oligodontia/hypodontia, polydontia, enamel hypoplasia, natal teeth, dental pits, and others. Finally, we provide an algorithm that dermatologists and dentists can follow to better recognize genodermatoses with dental involvement.

Witkop's syndrome: A case report

Witkop's syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by tooth and nail abnormalities. It is a variant of ectodermal dysplasia, which is thought to occur in approximately 1 in 100,000 live births. Thus, such a low occurrence and paucity of clearly delineating features make its identification in general population a real challenge. This case report aims to add to the existing literature a commonsense approach of identifying the uncommon thing.

Witkop tooth and nail syndrome: a report of three cases in a family

Witkop tooth and nail syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant ectodermal dysplasia manifested by hypodontia and nail dysplasia. Tooth shape may vary, and conical and narrow crowns are common. Mandibular incisors, second molars, and maxillary canines are the most frequently missing teeth. Nail dysplasia affects the fingernails and especially the toenails and is often more severe in childhood. Nails may be spoon-shaped, ridged, slow-growing, and easily broken. We examined an Eastern Mediterranean family in which three siblings (two girls, one boy) had this syndrome. The severity of finger and toenail anomalies varied. The children's mother had no Witkop-related abnormalities, but their father was reported to have dental and nail anomalies. Early intervention is recommended to manage orofacial disfigurement and avoid negative social consequences for these children.