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Therat S, Banandur PS, Sukumar GM, Shenoy AB, Arvind BA, Nagaraja SR, Rai V, Medhi U, Devyani A. Smoked tobacco dependence and its correlates among participants attending life skills training and counselling services programme across Karnataka (2017-2022). J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:2827-2834. [PMID: 38186799 PMCID: PMC10771161 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_591_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Indian National Mental Health Survey reports an alarming prevalence of 20.9% for tobacco dependence in India. Dependence on smoked tobacco can be prevented by thorough knowledge of the risk factors associated with it. Objectives To estimate the prevalence and identify the factors associated with smoked tobacco dependence among participants attending the life skills training and counselling services programme (LSTCSP) across Karnataka from 2017 to 2022. Materials and Methods Pretraining data of 3104 participants from training programmes between 2017 and 2022 were utilised. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed based on a conceptual framework with various hypothesised exposure variables and smoked tobacco dependence as outcome. Results The overall prevalence of smoked tobacco dependence among LSTCSP participants who used smoked tobacco products was 59.4%. Ever use of smokeless tobacco products (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =2.05, 95% CI: 1.11-3.78) and screening positive for symptoms of generalised anxiety (AOR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.32-4.84) significantly increased the odds of smoked tobacco dependence, whereas making decisions collectively in the family (AOR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.18-0.66) and individuals with increased score for neurotic personality traits (AOR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.44-0.93) were the factors associated with reduced odds of smoked tobacco dependence. Conclusion The identified risk factors associated with smoked tobacco dependence are important to develop tobacco control programmes as well as in preventing its onset. With the risk factors for smoked tobacco dependence identified, the results of this study have implications for health promotion and prevention programmes as well as cessation programmes related to smoked tobacco dependence, within India and similar countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Therat
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pradeep S. Banandur
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gautham M. Sukumar
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Anusha B. Shenoy
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Banavaram A. Arvind
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Veeksha Rai
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Upashana Medhi
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Azad Devyani
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Melur Sukumar G, Banandur PS, Nagaraja SR, Shenoy AB, Shahane S, Shankar RG, Banavaram AA, Yekkar GS, Rajneesh S, Gopalkrishna G. Youth focused life skills training and counselling services program-An inter-sectoral initiative in India: Program development and preliminary analysis of factors affecting life skills. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284771. [PMID: 37616316 PMCID: PMC10449178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper describes the methodology of developing and implementation of a youth focused life skills training and counselling services programme (LSTCP) and assessment of factors associated with life skills of participants pre-training. DESIGN Development of all aspects of LSTCP (modules, methods and evaluation) was through a consultative process. Experiential learning based facilitation was decided as the approach for training participants. A quasi-experimental design with pre, post and follow-up assessment post-training was finalised. Data collection was done using specifically developed semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS Multivariable logistic regression with life skills as outcome and various exposure variables was performed. About 2/3rd of participants had high level of life skills (68%). Increased score of extraversion (AOR = 1.57,95% CI = 1.32-1.85), agreeableness (AOR = 1.42,95% CI = 1.16-1.73), conscientiousness (AOR = 1.9,95% CI = 1.55-2.33), physical (AOR = 1.03,95% CI = 1.01-1.04), environmental (AOR = 1.02,95% CI = 1.004-1.03) and social quality of life (AOR = 1.01,95% CI = 1.006-1.02) were associated with high life skills score. Higher score of neuroticism (AOR = 0.66,95% CI = 0.53-0.79) was associated with low life skills score. CONCLUSION The results presented provide an opportunity to understand the evolution of factors affecting life skills during the follow-up of this study. This study throws light on development of LSTCP for apparently healthy population in a setting like India and its states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anusha B. Shenoy
- Life Skills Training and Counselling Services Program, Department of Epidemiology, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Swati Shahane
- Life Skills Training and Counselling Services Program, Department of Epidemiology, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi G. Shankar
- Department of Health Data Science, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Shalini Rajneesh
- Department of Youth Empowerment and Sports and Planning, Program Monitoring and Statistics Department, Government of Karnataka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gururaj Gopalkrishna
- Department of Epidemiology and Former Director, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Girase B, Parikh R, Vashisht S, Mullick A, Ambhore V, Maknikar S. India's policy and programmatic response to mental health of young people: A narrative review. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2022.100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Sukumar GM, Banandur P, Dagar V, Nema S, Velu SR, Banavaram A, Naik V, Gangappa V, Arelingaiah M, Garady L, Lakshminarayan SC, Rajneesh S, Gopalkrishna G. Prevalence and factors associated with tobacco use among beneficiaries attending the youth mental health promotion clinics (Yuvaspandana Kendra) in India: A case-record analysis. Tob Prev Cessat 2022; 8:37. [PMID: 36382027 PMCID: PMC9608783 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/155190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chewing tobacco and smoking among youth leads to poor health outcomes. Understanding the factors associated with chewing tobacco and smoking is thus important for interventions. METHODS A case-record analysis among 10340 youth (aged 15-35 years) attending a unique mental health promotion program, Yuva Spandana, across the state of Karnataka in southern India, was performed to assess prevalence of chewing tobacco and smoking. Multiple logistic regression was applied to determine the factors associated with their use. RESULTS Overall, the prevalence of chewing tobacco and smoking among beneficiaries was 3% and 2.1%, respectively. The risk of tobacco chewing and smoking increased with age and risk was higher among males, married individuals and among all occupational categories, other than students. Adjusted odds ratios of chewing tobacco were found to be highest among business/salaried beneficiaries (AOR=3.48; 95% CI: 2.27-5.34), followed by ever married beneficiaries (AOR=3.41; 95% CI: 1.27-9.17). Adjusted odds ratios of smoking tobacco were highest among males (AOR=12.89; 95% CI: 7.5-22.14), followed by emotional experience of feeling worthless (AOR=4.19; 95% CI: 2.78-6.32), beneficiaries with poor relationship with family members (AOR=3.79; 95% CI: 1.38-10.44), and business/salaried beneficiaries (AOR=2.90; 95% CI: 1.79-4.7). Strength of association of males with smoking was much higher (AOR=12.89; 95% CI: 7.5-22.14) than compared with chewing tobacco (AOR=2.49; 95% CI: 1.89-3.28). CONCLUSIONS Early identification of these factors associated with chewing tobacco and smoking will help in focusing on youth specific health promotion and interventions to improve their overall health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautham M. Sukumar
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, NIMHANS, Karnataka, India
| | - Pradeep Banandur
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, NIMHANS, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaishali Dagar
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, NIMHANS, Karnataka, India
| | - Shubhi Nema
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, NIMHANS, Karnataka, India
| | - Sathya R. Velu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, NIMHANS, Karnataka, India
| | - Arvind Banavaram
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, NIMHANS, Karnataka, India
| | - Vani Naik
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, NIMHANS, Karnataka, India
| | - Virupaksha Gangappa
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, NIMHANS, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Lavanya Garady
- International Centre for Public Health Innovations, M. S. Ramaiah, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Shalini Rajneesh
- Department of Youth Empowerment and Sports, Government of Karnataka, Karnataka, India
- Department of Planning, Government of Karnataka, Karnataka, India
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Effectiveness and Factors Associated with Improved Life Skill Levels of Participants of a Large-Scale Youth-Focused Life Skills Training and Counselling Services Program (LSTCP): Evidence from India. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12060191. [PMID: 35735401 PMCID: PMC9220777 DOI: 10.3390/bs12060191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: To empower and facilitate mental health promotion for nearly 18 million youth, a pioneering state-wide Life Skills Training and Counselling Services Program (LSTCP) was implemented in Karnataka, India. This study assesses the changes in life skills scores, level of life skills and factors associated with increased life skills among participants of the LSTCP. (2) Method: This pre-post study design was conducted on 2669 participants who underwent a six-day structured LSTCP. Changes in mean life skills scores and level of life skill categories pre- and post-LSTCP were assessed. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the factors associated with increases in life skills. (3) Results: The LSTCP resulted in significant changes in life skill scores and level of life skills, indicating the effectiveness of the training. All life skill domains, except empathy and self-awareness, increased post-training. There was a positive shift in the level of life skills. Age (AOR = 1.34, CI = 1.11-1.62), gender (AOR = 1.39, CI = 1.15-1.68), education (AOR = 1.44, CI = 1.05-1.97) and physical (AOR = 1.02, CI = 1.01-1.03) and psychological (AOR = 1.02, CI = 1.01-1.03) quality of life was associated with an increase in life skills among participants. (4) Conclusions: The LSTCP is effective in improving the life skills of participants. The LSTCP modules and processes can be used to further train youth and contribute to mental health promotion in the state.
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