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Pileggi S, Colombo EA, Ancona S, Quadri R, Bernardelli C, Colapietro P, Taiana M, Fontana L, Miozzo M, Lesma E, Sirchia SM. Dysfunction in IGF2R Pathway and Associated Perturbations in Autophagy and WNT Processes in Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3586. [PMID: 38612397 PMCID: PMC11011696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) is an imprinting disorder characterized by overgrowth, stemming from various genetic and epigenetic changes. This study delves into the role of IGF2 upregulation in BWS, focusing on insulin-like growth factor pathways, which are poorly known in this syndrome. We examined the IGF2R, the primary receptor of IGF2, WNT, and autophagy/lysosomal pathways in BWS patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines, showing different genetic and epigenetic defects. The findings reveal a decreased expression and mislocalization of IGF2R protein, suggesting receptor dysfunction. Additionally, our results point to a dysregulation in the AKT/GSK-3/mTOR pathway, along with imbalances in autophagy and the WNT pathway. In conclusion, BWS cells, regardless of the genetic/epigenetic profiles, are characterized by alteration of the IGF2R pathway that is associated with the perturbation of the autophagy and lysosome processes. These alterations seem to be a key point of the molecular pathogenesis of BWS and potentially contribute to BWS's characteristic overgrowth and cancer susceptibility. Our study also uncovers alterations in the WNT pathway across all BWS cell lines, consistent with its role in growth regulation and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Pileggi
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (S.P.)
| | - Elisa A. Colombo
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (S.P.)
| | - Silvia Ancona
- Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy (E.L.)
| | - Roberto Quadri
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Bernardelli
- Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy (E.L.)
| | - Patrizia Colapietro
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Taiana
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Fontana
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (S.P.)
- Unit of Medical Genetics, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (S.P.)
- Unit of Medical Genetics, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Lesma
- Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy (E.L.)
| | - Silvia M. Sirchia
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (S.P.)
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Tian Y, Han W, Fu L, Zhang J, Zhou X. IGF2 is upregulated by its antisense RNA to potentiate pancreatic cancer progression. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:348. [PMID: 38036690 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01277-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a deadly cancer. More and more long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have received confirmation to be dysregulated in tumors and exert the regulatory function. Studies have suggested that lncRNA insulin-like growth factor 2 antisense RNA (IGF2-AS) participates in the development of some cancers. Thus, we attempted to clarify its function in pancreatic cancer. Reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction was applied for testing IGF2-AS expression in pancreatic cancer cells. Colony formation and Transwell wound experiments were applied for determining cell proliferative, migratory, and invasive capabilities. The alteration of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related gene level was tested via western blot. The mice model was established for measuring the tumor growth and metastasis. RIP validated the interaction of RNAs. IGF2-AS displays high expression in pancreatic cancer cells. IGF2-AS depletion repressed PC cell proliferative, migratory, invasive capabilities, and EMT process. Furthermore, pancreatic cancer tumor growth and metastasis were also inhibited by IGF2-AS depletion. Additionally, IGF2-AS positively regulated IGF2 level via recruiting HNRNPC. IGF2 overexpression counteracted the functions of IGF2-AS deficiency on pancreatic cancer cell behaviors. Moreover, IGF2R deletion was found to inhibit the positive effect of IGF2 on pancreatic cancer progression. IGF2-AS potentiates pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, tumor growth, and metastasis by recruiting HNRNPC via the IGF2-IGF2R regulatory pathway. These discoveries might offer a novel insight for treatment of PC, which may facilitate targeted therapies of PC in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China
| | - Wenwen Han
- Department of Emergency, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China
| | - Long Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China
| | - Xinhua Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China.
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Galal MA, Alouch SS, Alsultan BS, Dahman H, Alyabis NA, Alammar SA, Aljada A. Insulin Receptor Isoforms and Insulin Growth Factor-like Receptors: Implications in Cell Signaling, Carcinogenesis, and Chemoresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15006. [PMID: 37834454 PMCID: PMC10573852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review thoroughly explores the intricate involvement of insulin receptor (IR) isoforms and insulin-like growth factor receptors (IGFRs) in the context of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling (IIS) pathway. This elaborate system encompasses ligands, receptors, and binding proteins, giving rise to a wide array of functions, including aspects such as carcinogenesis and chemoresistance. Detailed genetic analysis of IR and IGFR structures highlights their distinct isoforms, which arise from alternative splicing and exhibit diverse affinities for ligands. Notably, the overexpression of the IR-A isoform is linked to cancer stemness, tumor development, and resistance to targeted therapies. Similarly, elevated IGFR expression accelerates tumor progression and fosters chemoresistance. The review underscores the intricate interplay between IRs and IGFRs, contributing to resistance against anti-IGFR drugs. Consequently, the dual targeting of both receptors could present a more effective strategy for surmounting chemoresistance. To conclude, this review brings to light the pivotal roles played by IRs and IGFRs in cellular signaling, carcinogenesis, and therapy resistance. By precisely modulating these receptors and their complex signaling pathways, the potential emerges for developing enhanced anti-cancer interventions, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ahmed Galal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Samhar Samer Alouch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Buthainah Saad Alsultan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Dahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Abdullah Alyabis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Ammar Alammar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Aljada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
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Wang X, Asgenbaatar N, Shen Y, Yi M, Zhao B, Ren H, Davshilt T, Ulaangerel T, Wang M, Burenbaatar A, Tian S, Li B, Dugarjav M, Bou G. Lower expression of the equine maternally imprinted gene IGF2R is related to the slow proliferation of hinny embryonic fibroblast in vitro. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:185-192. [PMID: 36319787 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07937-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proliferation of embryonic fibroblasts under the same cell culture conditions, hinny embryonic fibroblasts (HiEFs) was slower than horse embryonic fibroblast (HEFs), donkey embryonic fibroblasts (DEFs) and mule embryonic fibroblasts (MuEFs). The imprinted genes IGF2 and IGF2R are important for cell proliferation. Therefore, we investigated whether the slower proliferation of HiEFs is related to an aberrant gene expression of IGF2 or its receptors or genes influencing the expression of the IGF2 system. METHODS AND RESULTS Real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence and cell starving experiment in HEFs, DEFs, MuEFs and HiEFs revealed that the slower proliferation of HiEF in vitro was related to its lower expression of IGF2R (P < 0.001). Moreover, quantification of allele-specific expression and bisulfate assay confirmed that in both MuEFs and HiEFs, IGF2R had normal maternal imprinting, implying that the imprint aberrant was not involved in the lower IGF2R expression in HiEFs. CONCLUSIONS The reduction of IGF2R expression in HiEFs is associated with its slower proliferation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xisheng Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Nairag Asgenbaatar
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Yingchao Shen
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Minna Yi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Bilig Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Hong Ren
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Toli Davshilt
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Tseweendolmaa Ulaangerel
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Als Burenbaatar
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuyue Tian
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Bei Li
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Manglai Dugarjav
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China.
| | - Gerelchimeg Bou
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China.
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Yuan D, Guo T, Qian H, Ge H, Zhao Y, Huang A, Wang X, Cao X, Zhu D, He C, Yu H. Icariside II suppresses the tumorigenesis and development of ovarian cancer by regulating miR-144-3p/IGF2R axis. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1383-1393. [PMID: 35808943 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the three major gynecological malignancies. It has been reported that Icariside II was able to block the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer. However, the detailed mechanism by which Icariside II regulates the development of ovarian cancer is widely unknown. EdU staining and transwell assays were applied to detect the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. Next, the relationship between miR-144-3p and IGF2R was verified by the dual-luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, in vivo animal model was constructed to verify the effect of Icariside II on the development of ovarian cancer. Icariside II notably inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion and induced the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. Additionally, Icariside II markedly increased the level of miR-144-3p in ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, IGF2R was targeted by miR-144-3p directly. Icariside II significantly decreased the expression of IGF2R and the phosphorylation level of AKT and mTOR in ovarian cancer cells, which were partially reversed by miR-144-3p inhibitor. Meanwhile, Icariside II remarkably promoted the autophagy of ovarian cancer cells, as confirmed by the increased expression of Beclin-1 and ATG-5 and decreased expression of p62; however, co-treatment with miR-144-3p inhibitor notably decreased autophagy. Furthermore, the result of animal study suggested Icariside II notably inhibited ovarian tumor growth as well. Collectively, Icariside II could suppress the tumorigenesis and development of ovarian cancer by promoting autophagy via miR-144-3p/IGF2R axis. These results may be beneficial for future studies on the use of Icariside II to treat ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglan Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of NanJing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of NanJing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Qian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of NanJing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongshan Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of NanJing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinling Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of NanJing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aihua Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of NanJing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaosu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of NanJing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuhong Cao
- Department of Operation, Taizhou People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of NanJing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - DanDan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of NanJing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - CuiQin He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of NanJing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of NanJing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
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Liu B, Hu Y, Wan L, Wang L, Cheng L, Sun H, Liu Y, Wu D, Zhu J, Hong X, Li Y, Zhou C. Proteomics analysis of cancer tissues identifies IGF2R as a potential therapeutic target in laryngeal carcinoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1031210. [PMID: 36299463 PMCID: PMC9592118 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1031210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laryngeal cancer (LC) is a prevalent head and neck malignancy; however, the essential pathophysiological mechanism underlying its tumorigenesis and progression remains elusive. Due to the perduring scarcity of effective targeted drugs for laryngeal cancer, insights into the disease's pathophysiological mechanisms would substantially impact the treatment landscape of laryngeal cancer. METHODS To ensure quality consistency, 10 tumor and 9 non-tumor samples underwent proteomic analysis on a single mass spectrometer using a label-free technique. Subsequently, gene expression variations between laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and normal tissues were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Immunohistochemical expressions of insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R), fibronectin (FN), vimentin, and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) in LC tissues and normal tissues were determined. RESULTS In the tumor group, significant variations were detected for 433 upregulated and 61 downregulated proteins. Moreover, the heatmap revealed that the expressions of RNA translation-related proteins and proteins involved in RNA metabolism, such as IGF2R, tenascin C (TNC), periostin (POSTN), proteasome 26S subunit ATPase 4 (PSMC4), serpin family A member 3 (SERPINA3), heat shock protein family B (small) member 6 (HSPB6), osteoglycin (OGN), chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 6A (CCT6A), and chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 6B (CCT6B), were prominently elevated in the tumor group. Nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD), RNA translation, and protein stability were significantly altered in LC tumors. IGF2R was remarkably upregulated in LC tumors. In the TCGA database, the IGF2R mRNA level was significantly upregulated in LSCC tissues. Additionally, IGF2R mRNA expression was lowest in clinical grade 1 samples, with no significant difference between grades 2 and 3. In LSCC patients, a significant positive correlation between IGF2R expression and the stromal score was detected using the ESTIMATE algorithm to estimate the immune score, stromal score, and tumor purity in the tumor microenvironment. Lastly, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that IGF2R is overexpressed in LC. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the vital role of IGF2R in LC carcinogenesis and progression and may facilitate the identification of new therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Xuzhou Clinical School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuqiang Hu
- Xuzhou Clinical School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lixia Wan
- Department of Psychology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Luan Wang
- Xuzhou Clinical School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Liangjun Cheng
- Xuzhou Clinical School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hai Sun
- Xuzhou Clinical School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yaran Liu
- Institute of Medical Artificial Intelligence, Binzhou Medical College, Yantai, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jiefei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiu Hong
- Central laboratory, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Central laboratory, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chong Zhou, ; Yang Li,
| | - Chong Zhou
- Xuzhou Clinical School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chong Zhou, ; Yang Li,
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Lin LH, Chou CH, Cheng HW, Chang KW, Liu CJ. Precise Identification of Recurrent Somatic Mutations in Oral Cancer Through Whole-Exome Sequencing Using Multiple Mutation Calling Pipelines. Front Oncol 2021; 11:741626. [PMID: 34912705 PMCID: PMC8666431 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.741626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genomic alterations in oral carcinogenesis remains crucial for the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). To unveil the mutational spectrum, in this study, we conducted whole-exome sequencing (WES), using six mutation calling pipelines and multiple filtering criteria applied to 50 paired OSCC samples. The tumor mutation burden extracted from the data set of somatic variations was significantly associated with age, tumor staging, and survival. Several genes (MUC16, MUC19, KMT2D, TTN, HERC2) with a high frequency of false positive mutations were identified. Moreover, known (TP53, FAT1, EPHA2, NOTCH1, CASP8, and PIK3CA) and novel (HYDIN, ALPK3, ASXL1, USP9X, SKOR2, CPLANE1, STARD9, and NSD2) genes have been found to be significantly and frequently mutated in OSCC. Further analysis of gene alteration status with clinical parameters revealed that canonical pathways, including clathrin-mediated endocytotic signaling, NFκB signaling, PEDF signaling, and calcium signaling were associated with OSCC prognosis. Defining a catalog of targetable genomic alterations showed that 58% of the tumors carried at least one aberrant event that may potentially be targeted by approved therapeutic agents. We found molecular OSCC subgroups which were correlated with etiology and prognosis while defining the landscape of major altered events in the coding regions of OSCC genomes. These findings provide information that will be helpful in the design of clinical trials on targeted therapies and in the stratification of patients with OSCC according to therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Han Lin
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsien Chou
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ji Liu
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Taipei MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Liu S, Chen X, Lin T. Lymphatic metastasis of bladder cancer: Molecular mechanisms, diagnosis and targeted therapy. Cancer Lett 2021; 505:13-23. [PMID: 33610730 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the most common and lethal cancer of the urinary system. Lymphatic metastasis is the primary and main metastatic type of bladder cancer, leading to an extremely poor prognosis in patients. Therefore, a better understanding of molecular mechanisms may provide potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of lymphatic metastasis in bladder cancer. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge of molecular mechanisms of the lymphatic metastasis in bladder cancer, including lymphangiogenesis and its regulators, noncoding RNAs, and microenvironment-associated molecules. Novel radiomics and genomics approaches have substantially improved the preoperative diagnostic accuracy of lymph node metastasis in patients with bladder cancer. Newly discovered targets may lead to promising therapeutic strategies for clinical intervention in lymphatic metastasis of bladder cancer. More basic and translational studies need to be conducted to further clarify the molecular mechanisms, and identify predictive markers and therapeutic targets of lymphatic metastasis for bladder cancer patients.
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Samarghandian S, Najafi M. PTEN: What we know of the function and regulation of this onco-suppressor factor in bladder cancer? Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 881:173226. [PMID: 32485246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer accounts for high morbidity and mortality around the world and its incidence rate is suggested to be higher in following years. A number of factors involve in bladder cancer development such as lifestyle and drugs. However, it appears that genetic factors play a significant role in bladder cancer development and progression. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a cancer-related transcription factor that is corelated with reduced proliferation and invasion of cancer cells by negatively targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. In the present review, we aimed to explore the role of PTEN in bladder cancer cells and how upstream modulators affect PTEN in this life-threatening disorder. Down-regulation of PTEN is associated with poor prognosis, chemoresistance and progression of cancer cells. Besides, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs and other molecular pathways such as NF-kB are able to target PTEN in bladder cancer cells. Notably, anti-tumor drugs such as kaempferol, β-elemene and sorafenib upregulate the expression of PTEN to exert their inhibitory effects on bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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