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Kayongo A, Robertson NM, Siddharthan T, Ntayi ML, Ndawula JC, Sande OJ, Bagaya BS, Kirenga B, Mayanja-Kizza H, Joloba ML, Forslund SK. Airway microbiome-immune crosstalk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1085551. [PMID: 36741369 PMCID: PMC9890194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1085551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has significantly contributed to global mortality, with three million deaths reported annually. This impact is expected to increase over the next 40 years, with approximately 5 million people predicted to succumb to COPD-related deaths annually. Immune mechanisms driving disease progression have not been fully elucidated. Airway microbiota have been implicated. However, it is still unclear how changes in the airway microbiome drive persistent immune activation and consequent lung damage. Mechanisms mediating microbiome-immune crosstalk in the airways remain unclear. In this review, we examine how dysbiosis mediates airway inflammation in COPD. We give a detailed account of how airway commensal bacteria interact with the mucosal innate and adaptive immune system to regulate immune responses in healthy or diseased airways. Immune-phenotyping airway microbiota could advance COPD immunotherapeutics and identify key open questions that future research must address to further such translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kayongo
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | | | - Trishul Siddharthan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Moses Levi Ntayi
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Josephine Caren Ndawula
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Obondo J. Sande
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bernard S. Bagaya
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bruce Kirenga
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Moses L. Joloba
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sofia K. Forslund
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité - Universitatsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany,Charité-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany,*Correspondence: Sofia K. Forslund,
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Love ME, Proud D. Respiratory Viral and Bacterial Exacerbations of COPD—The Role of the Airway Epithelium. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091416. [PMID: 35563722 PMCID: PMC9099594 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
COPD is a leading cause of death worldwide, with acute exacerbations being a major contributor to disease morbidity and mortality. Indeed, exacerbations are associated with loss of lung function, and exacerbation frequency predicts poor prognosis. Respiratory infections are important triggers of acute exacerbations of COPD. This review examines the role of bacterial and viral infections, along with co-infections, in the pathogenesis of COPD exacerbations. Because the airway epithelium is the initial site of exposure both to cigarette smoke (or other pollutants) and to inhaled pathogens, we will focus on the role of airway epithelial cell responses in regulating the pathophysiology of exacerbations of COPD. This will include an examination of the interactions of cigarette smoke alone, and in combination with viral and bacterial exposures in modulating epithelial function and inflammatory and host defense pathways in the airways during COPD. Finally, we will briefly examine current and potential medication approaches to treat acute exacerbations of COPD triggered by respiratory infections.
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Luettich K, Sharma M, Yepiskoposyan H, Breheny D, Lowe FJ. An Adverse Outcome Pathway for Decreased Lung Function Focusing on Mechanisms of Impaired Mucociliary Clearance Following Inhalation Exposure. Front Toxicol 2022; 3:750254. [PMID: 35295103 PMCID: PMC8915806 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.750254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) help to organize available mechanistic information related to an adverse outcome into key events (KEs) spanning all organizational levels of a biological system(s). AOPs, therefore, aid in the biological understanding of a particular pathogenesis and also help with linking exposures to eventual toxic effects. In the regulatory context, knowledge of disease mechanisms can help design testing strategies using in vitro methods that can measure or predict KEs relevant to the biological effect of interest. The AOP described here evaluates the major processes known to be involved in regulating efficient mucociliary clearance (MCC) following exposures causing oxidative stress. MCC is a key aspect of the innate immune defense against airborne pathogens and inhaled chemicals and is governed by the concerted action of its functional components, the cilia and airway surface liquid (ASL). The AOP network described here consists of sequences of KEs that culminate in the modulation of ciliary beat frequency and ASL height as well as mucus viscosity and hence, impairment of MCC, which in turn leads to decreased lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsta Luettich
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Monita Sharma
- PETA Science Consortium International e.V., Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hasmik Yepiskoposyan
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Damien Breheny
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd., Group Research and Development, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Frazer J Lowe
- Broughton Nicotine Services, Earby, Lancashire, United Kingdom
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Nishioka Y, Nagano K, Koga Y, Okada Y, Mori I, Hayase A, Mori T, Manabe K. Lactic acid as a major contributor to hand surface infection barrier and its association with morbidity to infectious disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18608. [PMID: 34545150 PMCID: PMC8452697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the surface of the human hands contains high antimicrobial activity, studies investigating the precise components involved and the relationship between natural antimicrobial activity and morbidity in infectious diseases are limited. In this study, we developed a method to quantitatively measure the antimicrobial activity of hand surface components. Using a clinical survey, we validated the feasibility of our method and identified antimicrobial factors on the surface of the human hand. In a retrospective observational study, we compared the medical histories of the participants to assess infectious diseases. We found that the antimicrobial activity on the surface of the hands was significantly lower in the high morbidity group (N = 55) than in the low morbidity group (N = 54), indicating a positive association with the history of infection in individuals. A comprehensive analysis of the hand surface components indicated that organic acids, especially lactic acid and antimicrobial peptides, are highly correlated with antimicrobial activity. Moreover, the application of lactic acid using the amount present on the surface of the hand significantly improved the antimicrobial activity. These findings suggest that hand hygiene must be improved to enhance natural antimicrobial activity on the surface of the hands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nishioka
- grid.419719.30000 0001 0816 944XPersonal Health Care Products Research, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3, Bunka, Sumida-ku, Tokyo, 131-8501 Japan
| | - Kenichi Nagano
- grid.419719.30000 0001 0816 944XAnalytical Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi, 321-3497 Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Koga
- grid.419719.30000 0001 0816 944XBiological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi, 321-3497 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Okada
- grid.419719.30000 0001 0816 944XPersonal Health Care Products Research, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3, Bunka, Sumida-ku, Tokyo, 131-8501 Japan
| | - Ichiro Mori
- grid.419719.30000 0001 0816 944XPersonal Health Care Products Research, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3, Bunka, Sumida-ku, Tokyo, 131-8501 Japan
| | - Atsuko Hayase
- grid.419719.30000 0001 0816 944XBiological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi, 321-3497 Japan
| | - Takuya Mori
- grid.419719.30000 0001 0816 944XBiological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi, 321-3497 Japan
| | - Kenji Manabe
- grid.419719.30000 0001 0816 944XPersonal Health Care Products Research, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3, Bunka, Sumida-ku, Tokyo, 131-8501 Japan
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Uzeloto JS, Ramos D, Silva BSDA, Lima MBPD, Silva RN, Camillo CA, Ramos EMC. Mucociliary Clearance of Different Respiratory Conditions: A Clinical Study. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 25:e35-e40. [PMID: 33542749 PMCID: PMC7850890 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3402495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mucociliary clearance (MCC) is the first line of defense of the pulmonary system. Mucociliary clearance impairment may lead to increased risk of respiratory infections, lung injury, pulmonary repair problems, chronic dysfunctions and progression of respiratory diseases. Objective To characterize the MCC of active and passive smokers and individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and compare the MCC behaviors between men and women of different age groups. Methods Patients with COPD (current smokers and ex-smokers) and apparently healthy individuals (current smokers, passive smokers and nonsmokers) were evaluated. All of the subjects underwent lung function and MCC evaluation (saccharin transport test [STT]). Smokers (with or without COPD) were questioned about the smoking history. Results A total of 418 individuals aged 16 to 82 years old, of both genders, were evaluated. The STT values of active and passive smokers were statistically higher than those of the control group ( p < 0.01). Men of the control group had lower values of STT than active smokers (9.7 ± 7.1 and 15.4 ± 10.1 minute, respectively, p < 0.01). In addition, higher MCC velocity was observed in women that are current smokers (11.7 ± 6.8 minute) compared with men (15.4 ± 10.1 minute) in this group ( p = 0.01). Among the younger age groups (< 50 years old), only passive smokers presented higher STT in relation to the control group. Conclusion Passive and active smoking are factors that influence negatively the MCC, and passive smokers may present losses of this mechanism at a younger age. Additionally, male smokers present worse MCC than male nonsmokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Souza Uzeloto
- Departament of Physiotherapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Dionei Ramos
- Departament of Physiotherapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rebeca Nunes Silva
- Departament of Physiotherapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ercy Mara Cipulo Ramos
- Departament of Physiotherapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
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Capron T, Bourdin A, Perez T, Chanez P. COPD beyond proximal bronchial obstruction: phenotyping and related tools at the bedside. Eur Respir Rev 2019; 28:28/152/190010. [PMID: 31285287 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0010-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by nonreversible proximal bronchial obstruction leading to major respiratory disability. However, patient phenotypes better capture the heterogeneously reported complaints and symptoms of COPD. Recent studies provided evidence that classical bronchial obstruction does not properly reflect respiratory disability, and symptoms now form the new paradigm for assessment of disease severity and guidance of therapeutic strategies. The aim of this review was to explore pathways addressing COPD pathogenesis beyond proximal bronchial obstruction and to highlight innovative and promising tools for phenotyping and bedside assessment. Distal small airways imaging allows quantitative characterisation of emphysema and functional air trapping. Micro-computed tomography and parametric response mapping suggest small airways disease precedes emphysema destruction. Small airways can be assessed functionally using nitrogen washout, probing ventilation at conductive or acinar levels, and forced oscillation technique. These tests may better correlate with respiratory symptoms and may well capture bronchodilation effects beyond proximal obstruction.Knowledge of inflammation-based processes has not provided well-identified targets so far, and eosinophils probably play a minor role. Adaptative immunity or specific small airways secretory protein may provide new therapeutic targets. Pulmonary vasculature is involved in emphysema through capillary loss, microvascular lesions or hypoxia-induced remodelling, thereby impacting respiratory disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Capron
- Clinique des Bronches, Allergies et Sommeil, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- Université de Montpellier, PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, CHU de Montpellier, Dept of Respiratory Diseases, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Perez
- Dept of Respiratory Diseases, CHU Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, INSERM U1019 - CNRS UMR 8204, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Pascal Chanez
- Clinique des Bronches, Allergies et Sommeil, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France .,Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, CV2N, Marseille, France
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7
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Fröhlich E. Biological Obstacles for Identifying In Vitro- In Vivo Correlations of Orally Inhaled Formulations. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E316. [PMID: 31284402 PMCID: PMC6680885 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral inhalation of drugs is the classic therapy of obstructive lung diseases. In contrast to the oral route, the link between in vitro and in vivo findings is less well defined and predictive models and parameters for in vitro-in vivo correlations are missing. Frequently used in vitro models and problems in obtaining in vivo values to establish such models and to identify the action of formulations in vivo are discussed. It may be concluded that major obstacles to link in vitro parameters on in vivo action include lack of treatment adherence and incorrect use of inhalers by patients, variation in inhaler performance, changes by humidity, uncertainties about lung deposition, and difficulties to measure drug levels in epithelial lining fluid and tissue. Physiologically more relevant in vitro models, improvement in inhaler performance, and better techniques for in vivo measurements may help to better understand importance and interactions between individual in vitro parameters in pulmonary delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Silva BSA, Ramos D, Bertolini GN, Freire APCF, Leite MR, Camillo CA, Gobbo LA, Ramos EMC. Resistance exercise training improves mucociliary clearance in subjects with COPD: A randomized clinical trial. Pulmonology 2019; 25:340-347. [PMID: 30846389 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elastic tubing was recently investigated as an alternative to the conventional resistance training (RT) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The effects of RT on the mucociliary system have not yet been reported in the literature. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two RT programs on mucociliary clearance in subjects with COPD. METHODS Twentyeight subjects with COPD were randomly allocated by strata, according to individual strength of lower limbs, to defined groups: conventional resistance training (GCT) or resistance training using elastic tubing (GET). Nineteen subjects (GET: n=9; GCT: n=10) completed the study and were included in the analysis. The measurement of vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate), lung function (spirometry) and the primary outcome mucociliary clearance analysis (saccharin transit time test (STT)) were performed before and after the 12 weeks of RT. RESULTS In relation to the mucociliary transportability analysis, no differences were observed between the baseline evaluations of the training groups (p=0.05). There was a significant reduction in the STT values in both training groups, GET (10.64±5.06 to 6.01±4.91) and GCT (12.07±5.10 to 7.36±2.54) with p=0.03. However, no differences between groups were observed on the magnitude of SST changes after interventions (GET: -43.51%; GCT: -38.94%; p=0.97). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that both RT with elastic tubing and conventional training with weights promoted similar gains in the mucociliary transportability of subjects with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S A Silva
- Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - D Ramos
- Department of Physical Therapy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - G N Bertolini
- Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - A P C F Freire
- Department of Physical Therapy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - M R Leite
- Department of Physical Therapy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - C A Camillo
- Doctoral Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Brazil
| | - L A Gobbo
- Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - E M C Ramos
- Department of Physical Therapy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
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Ferreira AD, Ramos EMC, Trevisan IB, Leite MR, Proença M, de Carvalho-Junior LCS, Toledo AC, Ramos D. Função pulmonar e depuração mucociliar nasal de cortadores de cana-de-açúcar brasileiros expostos à queima de biomassa. Rev bras saúde ocup 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/2317-6369000004217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a função pulmonar e a depuração mucociliar nasal de cortadores de cana-de-açúcar. Métodos: foram avaliados dezesseis cortadores de cana-de-açúcar em dois períodos: durante o plantio da cana-de-açúcar, em abril/2011, e no final da safra, no período de queima e colheita manual da cana-de-açúcar, outubro/2011. A função pulmonar e a depuração mucociliar foram avaliadas por meio da espirometria e do teste de tempo de trânsito da sacarina (TTS), respectivamente. Resultados: a função pulmonar apresentou diminuição no %FEF25-75 [99,31 (23,79) até 86,36 (27,41); p = 0,001]; %VEF1 [92,19 (13,24) até 90,44 (12,76); p = 0,022] e VEF1/CVF [88,62 (5.68) até 84,90 (6.47); p = 0,004] no período da colheita em comparação ao de plantio. Também houve uma diminuição significativa no resultado do teste do TTS na colheita [3 (1) min] em comparação ao plantio [8 (3) min] (p < 0,001). Conclusão: os cortadores de cana-de-açúcar apresentaram diminuição do %FEF25-75, %VEF1, do índice VEF1/CVF, e aumento da velocidade do transporte mucociliar nasal no final do período de colheita.
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Utiyama DMO, Yoshida CT, Goto DM, de Santana Carvalho T, de Paula Santos U, Koczulla AR, Saldiva PHN, Nakagawa NK. The effects of smoking and smoking cessation on nasal mucociliary clearance, mucus properties and inflammation. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2016; 71:344-50. [PMID: 27438569 PMCID: PMC4930664 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2016(06)10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to assess nasal mucociliary clearance, mucus properties and inflammation in smokers and subjects enrolled in a Smoking Cessation Program (referred to as quitters). METHOD A total of 33 subjects with a median (IQR) smoking history of 34 (20-58) pack years were examined for nasal mucociliary clearance using a saccharine transit test, mucus properties using contact angle and sneeze clearability tests, and quantification of inflammatory and epithelial cells, IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations in nasal lavage fluid. Twenty quitters (mean age: 51 years, 9 male) were assessed at baseline, 1 month, 3 months and 12 months after smoking cessation, and 13 smokers (mean age: 52 years, 6 male) were assessed at baseline and after 12 months. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02136550. RESULTS Smokers and quitters showed similar demographic characteristics and morbidities. At baseline, all subjects showed impaired nasal mucociliary clearance (mean 17.6 min), although 63% and 85% of the quitters demonstrated significant nasal mucociliary clearance improvement at 1 month and 12 months, respectively. At 12 months, quitters also showed mucus sneeze clearability improvement (∼26%), an increased number of macrophages (2-fold) and no changes in mucus contact angle or cytokine concentrations. CONCLUSION This study showed that smoking cessation induced early improvements in nasal mucociliary clearance independent of mucus properties and inflammation. Changes in mucus properties were observed after only 12 months of smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mitiyo Odagiri Utiyama
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional</org-name>LIM-34, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Patologia, LIM-5, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Tieko Yoshida
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional</org-name>LIM-34, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Patologia, LIM-5, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | | | - Tômas de Santana Carvalho
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional</org-name>LIM-34, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Patologia, LIM-5, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Ubiratan de Paula Santos
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Heart Institute (InCor), Pulmonary Division, Smoking Cessation Group, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Naomi Kondo Nakagawa
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional</org-name>LIM-34, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Patologia, LIM-5, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
- E-mail:
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