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Haseeb Ul Rasool M, Saha U, Sethi AK, Adnan M, Rabby N. A Tumor in Disguise: Gallbladder Tumor Presenting as Hepatic Abscesses. Cureus 2023; 15:e44369. [PMID: 37779787 PMCID: PMC10540506 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder tumors are the most common tumors of the biliary tract. They are rare but clinically aggressive tumors found either as metastatic disease or occasionally detected upon the histopathological assessment of cholecystectomy biopsy. Adenocarcinoma is the most common phenotype of gallbladder cancer, which can be mild to moderately differentiated. Other malignant phenotypes include mucinous adenocarcinoma, signet cell, small cell, papillary adenocarcinoma, intestinal type adenocarcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma. The rarity of the disease makes the diagnosis extremely difficult in the initial phases. Liver abscesses are extremely rare and scarcely reported presentation of gallbladder cancer, with only a handful reported cases. It is speculated that the development of hepatic abscesses depicts direct involvement of hepatic parenchyma, development of associated necrosis, and superimposed bacterial infection evolving to an abscess. Gallbladder perforations are rare and potentially life-threatening complications of any gallbladder disease. Increased intraluminal pressure leads to mural necrosis, emphysematous changes in the wall, and vascular compromise which leads to gallbladder wall necrosis leading to perforation. Gallbladder tumors are exceedingly notorious for poor outcomes with very limited survival. Here, we present a case of a 69-year-old male who initially presented with impending perforation of the gallbladder with multiple hepatic masses, which were thought to be metastatic deposits. However, on biopsy, he was found to have multiple hepatic abscesses due to localized necrosis. Further workup revealed that the patient had an advanced metastatic gallbladder tumor that had passed the stage of tumor resection. Gallbladder perforations are classified according to Niemeier's classification. Our patient had a type II perforation which resulted in a hepatic abscess.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Utsow Saha
- Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Queens Hospital Center, New York City, USA
| | - Arshia K Sethi
- Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Queens Hospital Center, New York City, USA
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Queens Hospital Center, New York City, USA
| | - Nahian Rabby
- Internal Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York City, USA
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Chao C, Tang R, Zhao J, Di D, Qian Y, Wang B. Oncogenic roles and related mechanisms of the long non-coding RNA MINCR in human cancers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1087337. [PMID: 37215074 PMCID: PMC10196036 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1087337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play vital roles in regulating epigenetic mechanisms and gene expression levels, and their dysregulation is closely associated with a variety of diseases such as cancer. Several studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs are dysregulated during tumor progression. Recently, the MYC-induced long non-coding RNA MINCR, a newly identified lncRNA, has been demonstrated to act as an oncogene in different cancers, including gallbladder cancer, hepatocellular cancer, colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, nasopharyngeal cancer, and glioma. Moreover, MINCR has been reported to act as a biomarker in the prognosis of patients with different cancers. In this review, we summarize and analyze the oncogenic roles of MINCR in a variety of human cancers in terms of its clinical significance, biological functions, cellular activities, and regulatory mechanism. Our analysis of the literature suggests that MINCR has potential as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Chao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Renzhe Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Di
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yongxiang Qian
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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Agarwal A, AlRawaili AM, AlZalbani MK, AlAnazi GK, AlAnazi SK, AlEnezi SAD. Immune-Markers in GallBladder Lesions and their Clinico-Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance - An Overview. Int J Pharm Res Allied Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.51847/nbes0vkqmp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kawano T, Inokuchi J, Eto M, Murata M, Kang JH. Protein Kinase C (PKC) Isozymes as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5425. [PMID: 36358843 PMCID: PMC9658272 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a large family of calcium- and phospholipid-dependent serine/threonine kinases that consists of at least 11 isozymes. Based on their structural characteristics and mode of activation, the PKC family is classified into three subfamilies: conventional or classic (cPKCs; α, βI, βII, and γ), novel or non-classic (nPKCs; δ, ε, η, and θ), and atypical (aPKCs; ζ, ι, and λ) (PKCλ is the mouse homolog of PKCι) PKC isozymes. PKC isozymes play important roles in proliferation, differentiation, survival, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and anticancer drug resistance in cancer cells. Several studies have shown a positive relationship between PKC isozymes and poor disease-free survival, poor survival following anticancer drug treatment, and increased recurrence. Furthermore, a higher level of PKC activation has been reported in cancer tissues compared to that in normal tissues. These data suggest that PKC isozymes represent potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer. This review summarizes the current knowledge and discusses the potential of PKC isozymes as biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Kawano
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Junichi Inokuchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaharu Murata
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jeong-Hun Kang
- Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Shinmachi, Kishibe, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
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Cassese G, Han HS, Yoon YS, Lee JS, Cho JY, Lee HW, Lee B, Troisi RI. Preoperative Assessment and Perioperative Management of Resectable Gallbladder Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine and Novel Technologies: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071630. [PMID: 35885535 PMCID: PMC9320561 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a rare malignancy, with an estimated 5-year survival rate of less than 5% in the case of advanced disease. Surgery is the only radical treatment for early stages, but its application and effectiveness depend on the depth of tumoral invasion. The extent of resection is usually determined according to the T-stage. Therefore, an early and correct preoperative assessment is important for the prognosis, as well as for the selection of the most appropriate surgical procedure, to avoid unnecessary morbid surgeries and to reach the best outcomes. Several modalities can be used to investigate the depth of invasion, from ultrasounds to CT scans and MRI, but an ideal method still does not exist. Thus, different protocols are proposed according to different recommendations and institutions. In this scenario, the indications for laparoscopic and robotic surgery are still debated, as well as the role of new technologies such as next-generation sequencing and liquid biopsies. The aim of this article is to summarize the state of the art current modalities and future perspectives for assessing the depth of invasion in GBC and to clarify their role in perioperative management accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Cassese
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (G.C.); (Y.-S.Y.); (J.S.L.); (J.Y.C.); (H.-W.L.); (B.L.); (R.I.T.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Division of Minimally Invasive and Robotic HPB Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ho-Seong Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (G.C.); (Y.-S.Y.); (J.S.L.); (J.Y.C.); (H.-W.L.); (B.L.); (R.I.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-787-7091
| | - Yoo-Seok Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (G.C.); (Y.-S.Y.); (J.S.L.); (J.Y.C.); (H.-W.L.); (B.L.); (R.I.T.)
| | - Jun Suh Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (G.C.); (Y.-S.Y.); (J.S.L.); (J.Y.C.); (H.-W.L.); (B.L.); (R.I.T.)
| | - Jai Young Cho
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (G.C.); (Y.-S.Y.); (J.S.L.); (J.Y.C.); (H.-W.L.); (B.L.); (R.I.T.)
| | - Hae-Won Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (G.C.); (Y.-S.Y.); (J.S.L.); (J.Y.C.); (H.-W.L.); (B.L.); (R.I.T.)
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (G.C.); (Y.-S.Y.); (J.S.L.); (J.Y.C.); (H.-W.L.); (B.L.); (R.I.T.)
| | - Roberto Ivan Troisi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (G.C.); (Y.-S.Y.); (J.S.L.); (J.Y.C.); (H.-W.L.); (B.L.); (R.I.T.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Division of Minimally Invasive and Robotic HPB Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Kone LB, Bystrom PV, Maker AV. Robotic Surgery for Biliary Tract Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1046. [PMID: 35205792 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancer consists of cholangiocarcinoma (CC) and gallbladder cancer (GBC). When resectable, surgery provides the best chance at long-term survival. Unfortunately, surgery for these tumors is associated with long operative times, high morbidities, and prolonged hospital stays. Minimally invasive surgery has been shown to impact selected outcomes, including length of stay, in other diseases, and robotic surgery may offer additional advantages compared to laparoscopic surgery in treating bile duct cancers. This is a systematic review of robotic surgery for biliary tract cancer. Predetermined selection criteria were used to appraise the literature. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. In total, 20 unique articles with a total of 259 patients with biliary tract cancer undergoing robotic surgery met the inclusion criteria. For CC and GBC, respectively, the weighted average operative time was 401 and 277 min, the estimated blood loss was 348 and 260 mL, the conversion rate to open was 7 and 3.5%, the all-cause morbidity was 52 and 9.7%, the major morbidity was 12 and 4.4%, the perioperative mortality was 1.4 and 0%, the length of stay was 15 and 4.8 days, the positive margin rate was 27 and 9%, and the number of lymph nodes retrieved was 4.2 and 8. Robotic surgery for biliary tract cancer appears non-inferior to open surgery when compared to the published contemporary data. However, the current literature on the topic is of low quality, and future prospective/randomized studies are needed.
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Wang N, Pei B, Yuan X, Yi C, Wiredu Ocansey DK, Qian H, Mao F. Emerging roles of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in gastrointestinal cancers. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1019459. [PMID: 36338118 PMCID: PMC9631450 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1019459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tumours are the most common solid tumours, with a poor prognosis and remain a major challenge in cancer treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent stromal cells with the potential to differentiate into multiple cell types. Several studies have shown that MSC-derived exosomes have become essential regulators of intercellular communication in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Notably, MSC-derived exosomes support or inhibit tumour progression in different cancers through the delivery of proteins, RNA, DNA, and bioactive lipids. Herein, we summarise current advances in MSC-derived exosomes in cancer research, with particular reference to their role in gastrointestinal tumour development. MSC-derived exosomes are expected to be a novel potential strategy for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naijian Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Pei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengxue Yi
- School of Medical Technology, Zhenjiang College, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Directorate of University Health Services, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Hua Qian
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Qian,
| | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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