Squamous cell carcinoma related with dental implants. A clinical cases report

Titanium corrosion products from dental implants and their effect on cells and cytokine release: A review

INTRODUCTION

Titanium is considered to be an inert material owing to the ability of the material to form a passive titanium oxide layer. However, once the titanium oxide layer is lost, it can lead to exposure of the underlying titanium substructure and can undergo corrosion.

SUMMARY

The article explores the role of titanium ions and particles from dental implants on cells, cytokine release, and on the systemic redistribution of these particles as well as theories proposed to elucidate the effects of these particles on peri-implant inflammation based on evidence from in-vitro, human, and animal studies. Titanium particles and ions have a pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic effect on cells and promote the release of pro-inflammatory mediators like cytokines. Three theories to explain etiopathogenesis have been proposed, one based on microbial dysbiosis, the second based on titanium particles and ions and the third based on a synergistic effect between microbiome and titanium particles on the host.

CONCLUSION

There is clear evidence from in-vitro and limited human and animal studies that titanium particles released from dental implants have a detrimental effect on cells directly and through the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Future clinical and translational studies are required to clarify the role of titanium particles and ions in peri-implant inflammation and the etiopathogenesis of peri-implantitis.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma around dental implants: a systematic review

OBJECTIVE

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the epidemiologic profile, screen for possible risk factors, and evaluate the spectrum of clinical characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) around dental implants (DIs).

METHODS

The systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses statement.

RESULTS

Thirty-three articles met the eligibility criteria. In total, the sample consisted of 63 patients, and women comprised the majority (55.5%). The mean age of patients was 66.7 years. Oral potentially malignant disorders were reported in 46% of patients, of which 65.5% occurred in women. The most common lesion found in women was oral lichen planus (52.6%). In 88.8% of patients OSCC around DIs occurred in the mandible, and the most common clinical appearance of the lesions was an exophytic mass (46%). Most of these lesions were initially treated as peri-implantitis.

CONCLUSIONS

Most patients with OSCC around DIs were women without known risk factors. It is important to emphasize that these lesions may present clinical and radiographic features that could resemble peri-implantitis, which can lead to delay in the diagnosis and subsequent treatment.

Cancerous lesions in the vicinity of dental implants: a systematic review

Introduction: The massive diffusion of dental implant treatments in the last decades leads to the appearance of complications, most of them inflammatory, although important complications have been described as malignant lesions in the vicinity of dental implants. The objective of this article is to describe the cases described in the literature of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) or clinical variants and metastases, in the vicinity of dental implants and to analyze the possible etiological agents involved. Material and methods: The criteria used were those described in the PRISMA® Declaration for performing systematic reviews. An electronic search was performed on MEDLINE (via PubMed) using the terms MeSH: “dental implants” AND “squamous cell carcinoma” OR “dental implant complications” AND “squamous cell carcinoma”. Results: Thirty-eight articles describing a total of 76 cases of OSCC or clinical variants, as well as metastasis in the vicinity of dental implants, were included. Conclusions: It is not possible to establish a cause-effect relationship between dental implants and the development of OSCC. Its clinical appearance can be confused with periimplantitis, so that, in cases of sudden onset, which do not respond to conventional treatment and/or have associated alterations in sensitivity, a biopsy should be performed.