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Bogush D, Schramm J, Ding Y, He B, Singh C, Sharma A, Tukaramrao DB, Iyer S, Desai D, Nalesnik G, Hengst J, Bhalodia R, Gowda C, Dovat S. Signaling pathways and regulation of gene expression in hematopoietic cells. Adv Biol Regul 2023; 88:100942. [PMID: 36621151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2022.100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cellular functions are regulated by signal transduction pathway networks consisting of protein-modifying enzymes that control the activity of many downstream proteins. Protein kinases and phosphatases regulate gene expression by reversible phosphorylation of transcriptional factors, which are their direct substrates. Casein kinase II (CK2) is a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates a large number of proteins that have critical roles in cellular proliferation, metabolism and survival. Altered function of CK2 has been associated with malignant transformation, immunological disorders and other types of diseases. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is a serine/threonine phosphatase, which regulates the phosphorylation status of many proteins that are essential for cellular functions. IKAROS is a DNA-binding protein, which functions as a regulator of gene transcription in hematopoietic cells. CK2 directly phosphorylates IKAROS at multiple phosphosites which determines IKAROS activity as a regulator of gene expression. PP1 binds to IKAROS via the PP1-consensus recognition site and dephosphorylates serine/threonine residues that are phosphorylated by CK2. Thus, the interplay between CK2 and PP1 signaling pathways have opposing effects on the phosphorylation status of their mutual substrate - IKAROS. This review summarizes the effects of CK2 and PP1 on IKAROS role in regulation of gene expression and its function as a tumor suppressor in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bogush
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | - Joseph Schramm
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | - Yali Ding
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | - Bing He
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | - Chingakham Singh
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | - Arati Sharma
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | | | - Soumya Iyer
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | - Gregory Nalesnik
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | - Jeremy Hengst
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | - Riya Bhalodia
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | - Chandrika Gowda
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA.
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA.
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2
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Ne E, Crespo R, Izquierdo-Lara R, Rao S, Koçer S, Górska A, van Staveren T, Kan TW, van de Vijver D, Dekkers D, Rokx C, Moulos P, Hatzis P, Palstra RJ, Demmers J, Mahmoudi T. Catchet-MS identifies IKZF1-targeting thalidomide analogues as novel HIV-1 latency reversal agents. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:5577-5598. [PMID: 35640596 PMCID: PMC9177988 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A major pharmacological strategy toward HIV cure aims to reverse latency in infected cells as a first step leading to their elimination. While the unbiased identification of molecular targets physically associated with the latent HIV-1 provirus would be highly valuable to unravel the molecular determinants of HIV-1 transcriptional repression and latency reversal, due to technical limitations, this has been challenging. Here we use a dCas9 targeted chromatin and histone enrichment strategy coupled to mass spectrometry (Catchet-MS) to probe the differential protein composition of the latent and activated HIV-1 5′LTR. Catchet-MS identified known and novel latent 5′LTR-associated host factors. Among these, IKZF1 is a novel HIV-1 transcriptional repressor, required for Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 recruitment to the LTR. We find the clinically advanced thalidomide analogue iberdomide, and the FDA approved analogues lenalidomide and pomalidomide, to be novel LRAs. We demonstrate that, by targeting IKZF1 for degradation, these compounds reverse HIV-1 latency in CD4+ T-cells isolated from virally suppressed people living with HIV-1 and that they are able to synergize with other known LRAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Ne
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee622 PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raquel Crespo
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee622 PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ray Izquierdo-Lara
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee622 PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shringar Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee622 PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Selin Koçer
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee622 PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alicja Górska
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee622 PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas van Staveren
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee622 PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tsung Wai Kan
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee622 PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - David van de Vijver
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Dekkers
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee679a PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Casper Rokx
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rg-530, PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Panagiotis Moulos
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Vari, Greece
| | - Pantelis Hatzis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Vari, Greece
| | - Robert-Jan Palstra
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee622 PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Demmers
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee679a PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tokameh Mahmoudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee622 PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, The Netherlands
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3
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Xu B, Liu F, Gao Y, Sun J, Li Y, Lin Y, Liu X, Wen Y, Yi S, Dang J, Tu P, Wang Y. High Expression of IKZF2 in Malignant T Cells Promotes Disease Progression in Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma. Acta Derm Venereol 2021; 101:adv00613. [PMID: 34853863 PMCID: PMC9472098 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v101.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T cell lymphoma is a generally indolent disease derived from skin-homing mature T cells. However, in advanced stages, cutaneous T cell lymphoma may manifest aggressive clinical behaviour and lead to a poor prognosis. The mechanism of disease progression in cutaneous T cell lymphoma remains unknown. This study, based on a large clinical cohort, found that IKZF2, an essential transcription factor during T cell development and differentiation, showed stage-dependent overexpression in the malignant T cells in mycosis fungoides lesions. IKZF2 is specifically over-expressed in advanced-stage mycosis fungoides lesions, and correlates with poor prognosis. Mechanistically, overexpression of IKZF2 promotes cutaneous T cell lymphoma progression via inhibiting malignant cell apoptosis and may contribute to tumour immune escape by downregulating major histocompatibility complex II molecules and up-regulating the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 by malignant T cells. These results demonstrate the important role of IKZF2 in high-risk cutaneous T cell lymphoma and pave the way for future targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yang Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100034, China.
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4
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Boast B, Nunes-Santos CDJ, Kuehn HS, Rosenzweig SD. Ikaros-Associated Diseases: From Mice to Humans and Back Again. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:705497. [PMID: 34354970 PMCID: PMC8330404 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.705497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The normal expression of Ikaros (IKZF1) is important for the proper functioning of both the human and murine immune systems. Whilst our understanding of IKZF1 in the immune system has been greatly enhanced by the study of mice carrying mutations in Ikzf1, analyses of human patients carrying germline IKZF1 mutations have been instrumental in understanding its biological role within the human immune system and its effect on human disease. A myriad of different mutations in IKZF1 have been identified, spanning across the entire gene causing differential clinical outcomes in patients including immunodeficiency, immune dysregulation, and cancer. The majority of mutations in humans leading to IKAROS-associated diseases are single amino acid heterozygous substitutions that affect the overall function of the protein. The majority of mutations studied in mice however, affect the expression of the protein rather than its function. Murine studies would suggest that the complete absence of IKZF1 expression leads to severe and sometimes catastrophic outcomes, yet these extreme phenotypes are not commonly observed in patients carrying IKZF1 heterozygous mutations. It is unknown whether this discrepancy is simply due to differences in zygosity, the role and regulation of IKZF1 in the murine and human immune systems, or simply due to a lack of similar controls across both groups. This review will focus its analysis on the current literature surrounding what is known about germline IKZF1 defects in both the human and the murine immune systems, and whether existing mice models are indeed accurate tools to study the effects of IKZF1-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigette Boast
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cristiane de Jesus Nunes-Santos
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hye Sun Kuehn
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sergio D. Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
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5
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Read KA, Jones DM, Freud AG, Oestreich KJ. Established and emergent roles for Ikaros transcription factors in lymphoid cell development and function. Immunol Rev 2020; 300:82-99. [PMID: 33331000 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ikaros zinc finger transcription factors are important regulators of the gene programs underlying the development of hematopoietic cell lineages. The family consists of five members: Ikaros, Helios, Aiolos, Eos, and Pegasus, which engage in both homo- and heterotypic intrafamilial interactions to exert diverse functional effects. Pioneering studies focused on the role of these factors in early lymphoid development, as their absence resulted in severe defects in lymphocyte populations. More recent work has now begun to define nuanced, stage-specific roles for Ikaros family members in the differentiation and function of mature T, B, and innate lymphoid cell populations including natural killer (NK) cells. The precise transcriptional mechanisms by which these factors function, both independently and collaboratively, is an area of active investigation. However, several key themes appear to be emerging regarding the pathways influenced by Ikaros family members, including the end-to-end regulation of cytokine signaling. Here, we review roles for Ikaros factors in lymphoid cell development, differentiation, and function, including a discussion of the current understanding of the transcriptional mechanisms they employ and considerations for the future study of this important transcription factor family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin A Read
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Devin M Jones
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aharon G Freud
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth J Oestreich
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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6
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Gowda C, Song C, Ding Y, Iyer S, Dhanyamraju PK, McGrath M, Bamme Y, Soliman M, Kane S, Payne JL, Dovat S. Cellular signaling and epigenetic regulation of gene expression in leukemia. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 75:100665. [PMID: 31623972 PMCID: PMC7239353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in normal regulation of gene expression is one of the key features of hematopoietic malignancies. In order to gain insight into the mechanisms that regulate gene expression in these diseases, we dissected the role of the Ikaros protein in leukemia. Ikaros is a DNA-binding, zinc finger protein that functions as a transcriptional regulator and a tumor suppressor in leukemia. The use of ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, and ATAC-seq—coupled with functional experiments—revealed that Ikaros regulates both the global epigenomic landscape and epigenetic signature at promoter regions of its target genes. Casein kinase II (CK2), an oncogenic kinase that is overexpressed in leukemia, directly phosphorylates Ikaros at multiple, evolutionarily-conserved residues. Phosphorylation of Ikaros impairs the protein's ability to regulate both the transcription of its target genes and global epigenetic landscape in leukemia. Treatment of leukemia cells with a specific inhibitor of CK2 restores Ikaros function, resulting in cytotoxicity of leukemia cells. Here, we review the mechanisms through which the CK2-Ikaros signaling axis regulates the global epigenomic landscape and expression of genes that control cellular proliferation in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrika Gowda
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yali Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Soumya Iyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Pavan K Dhanyamraju
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mary McGrath
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yevgeniya Bamme
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mario Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shriya Kane
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jonathon L Payne
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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7
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Oliveira VCD, Lacerda MPD, Moraes BBM, Gomes CP, Maricato JT, Souza OF, Schenkman S, Pesquero JB, Moretti NS, Rodrigues CA, Popi AF. Deregulation of Ikaros expression in B-1 cells: New insights in the malignant transformation to chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:581-594. [PMID: 31299112 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.ma1118-454r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a chronic form of leukemia that originates from an abnormal expansion of CD5+ B-1 cells. Deregulation in the BCR signaling is associated with B-cell transformation. Contrariwise to B-2 cells, BCR engagement in B-1 cells results in low proliferation rate and increased apoptosis population, whereas overactivation may be associated with lymphoproliferative disorders. It has been demonstrated that several transcription factors that are involved in the B cell development play a role in the regulation of BCR function. Among them, Ikaros is considered an essential regulator of lymphoid differentiation and activation. Several reports suggest that Ikaros expression is deregulated in different forms of leukemia. Herein, we demonstrated that CLL cells show decreased Ikaros expression and abnormal cytoplasmic cell localization. These alterations were also observed in radioresistant B-1 cells, which present high proliferative activity, suggesting that abnormal localization of Ikaros could determine its loss of function. Furthermore, Ikaros knockdown increased the expression of BCR pathway components in murine B-1 cells, such as Lyn, Blnk, and CD19. Additionally, in the absence of Ikaros, B-1 cells become responsive to BCR stimulus, increasing cell proliferation even in the absence of antigen stimulation. These results suggested that Ikaros is an important controller of B-1 cell proliferation by interfering with the BCR activity. Therefore, altered Ikaros expression in CLL or radioresistant B-1 cells could determine a responsive status of BCR to self-antigens, which would culminate in the clonal expansion of B-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Cristina de Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Pitombeira de Lacerda
- Disciplina de Hematologia e Hemoterapia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Bomfim Muniz Moraes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio Perez Gomes
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Terzi Maricato
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Olivia Fonseca Souza
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Schenkman
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Bosco Pesquero
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilmar Silvio Moretti
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso Arrais Rodrigues
- Disciplina de Hematologia e Hemoterapia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Flavia Popi
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Mazzurana L, Forkel M, Rao A, Van Acker A, Kokkinou E, Ichiya T, Almer S, Höög C, Friberg D, Mjösberg J. Suppression of Aiolos and Ikaros expression by lenalidomide reduces human ILC3-ILC1/NK cell transdifferentiation. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:1344-1355. [PMID: 31151137 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201848075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Ikaros family of transcription factors (TFs) are important regulators of lymphocyte function. However, their roles in human innate lymphoid cell (ILC) function remain unclear. Here, we found that Ikaros (IKZF1) is expressed by all ILC subsets, including NK cells, in blood, tonsil, and gut, while Helios (IKZF2) is preferentially expressed by ILC3 in tonsil and gut. Aiolos (IKZF3) followed the expression pattern of T-bet and Eomes, being predominantly expressed by ILC1 and NK cells. Differentiation of IFN-γ-producing ILC1 and NK cells from ILC3 by IL-1β plus IL-12-stimulation was associated with upregulation of T-bet and Aiolos. Selective degradation of Aiolos and Ikaros by lenalidomide suppressed ILC1 and NK cell differentiation and expression of ILC1 and NK cell-related transcripts (LEF1, PRF1, GRZB, CD244, NCR3, and IRF8). In line with reduced ILC1/NK cell differentiation, we observed an increase in the expression of the ILC3-related TF Helios, as well as ILC3 transcripts (TNFSF13B, IL22, NRP1, and RORC) and in the frequency of IL-22 producing ILC3 in cultures with IL-1β and IL-23. These data suggest that suppression of Aiolos and Ikaros expression inhibits ILC1 and NK cell differentiation while ILC3 function is maintained. Hence, our results open up for new possibilities in targeting Ikaros family TFs for modulation of type 1/3 immunity in inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mazzurana
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne Forkel
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Rao
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aline Van Acker
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Efthymia Kokkinou
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tamaki Ichiya
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Almer
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and IBD-Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Höög
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and GHP Stockholm Gastro Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Danielle Friberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jenny Mjösberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Sweden
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10
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Ayón-Pérez MF, Pimentel-Gutiérrez HJ, Durán-Avelar MDJ, Vibanco-Pérez N, Pérez-Peraza VM, Pérez-González ÓA, Barrientos-Ríos R, Santillán-Ávila CF, Zambrano-Zaragoza JF, Agraz-Cibrián JM, Gutiérrez-Franco J, Vázquez-Reyes A. IKZF1 Gene Deletion in Pediatric Patients Diagnosed with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Mexico. Cytogenet Genome Res 2019; 158:10-16. [DOI: 10.1159/000499641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The IKZF1 gene is formed by 8 exons and encodes IKAROS, a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes that control cell cycle progression and cell survival. In general, 15-20% of the patients with preB acute lymphoblastic leukemia (preB ALL) harbor IKZF1 deletions, and the frequency of these deletions increases in BCR-ABL1 or Ph-like subgroups. These deletions have been associated with poor treatment response and the risk of relapse. The aim of this descriptive study was to determine the frequency of IKZF1 deletions and the success of an induction therapy response in Mexican pediatric patients diagnosed with preB ALL in 2 hospitals from 2017 to August 2018. Thirty-six bone marrow samples from patients at the Instituto Nacional de Pediatría in Mexico City and the Centro Estatal de Cancerología in Tepic were analyzed. The IKZF1 deletion was identified by MLPA using the SALSA MLPA P335 ALL-IKZF1 probemix. Deletions of at least 1 IKZF1 exon were observed in 7/34 samples (20.6%): 3 with 1 exon deleted; 1 with 2 exons, 1 with 5 exons, 1 with 6 exons, and 1 patient with a complete IKZF1 deletion. This study was descriptive in nature; we calculated the frequency of the IKZF1 gene deletion in a Mexican pediatric population with preB ALL as 20.6%.
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11
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Short NJ, Kantarjian H, Pui CH, Goldstone A, Jabbour E. SOHO State of the Art Update and Next Questions: Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma and Leukemia 2018; 18:439-446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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12
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Orlov AP, Orlova MA, Trofimova TP, Kalmykov SN, Kuznetsov DA. The role of zinc and its compounds in leukemia. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:347-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Oliveira VCD, Sodré ACP, Gomes CP, Moretti NS, Pesquero JB, Popi AF. Alteration in Ikaros expression promotes B-1 cell differentiation into phagocytes. Immunobiology 2017; 223:252-257. [PMID: 29107383 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ikaros is a broad transcription factor pointed as a critical regulator of lymphocyte development. Recent reports have emphasized that distinct isoforms of Ikaros control the dichotomy of the hematopoietic system into lymphoid and myeloid lineages. In addition, expression of dominant-negative isoforms of Ikaros is linked to abnormal hematopoiesis, which could culminate in hematological disorders due to loss of function of the protein. B-1 cells are an intriguing subtype of B-lymphocytes that preserves some myeloid characteristics. These cells are able to differentiate into phagocytes (B-1CDP - B-1 cell derived phagocytes) in vitro and in vivo. During such process, reprogramming of gene expression occurs: lymphoid genes are turned off, while expression of myeloid genes is increased. This study aims to investigate whether Ikaros could be related to the control of B-1 cell plasticity. Interestingly, Ikaros expression by B-1CDP cells was found to be relatively low, and the protein is abnormally localized in the cytoplasm. Moreover, the isoforms expressed by B-1 cells are different from those expressed by other lymphocytes, with expression of active isoforms being almost absent in B-1CDP. Based on these findings, Ikaros could be an important factor driving the differentiation and proliferation of B-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Cristina de Oliveira
- Disciplina de Imunologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Pires Sodré
- Disciplina de Imunologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio Perez Gomes
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilmar Silvio Moretti
- Disciplina de Parasitologia Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Bosco Pesquero
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Flavia Popi
- Disciplina de Imunologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
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Gowda C, Soliman M, Kapadia M, Ding Y, Payne K, Dovat S. Casein Kinase II (CK2), Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) and Ikaros mediated regulation of leukemia. Adv Biol Regul 2017. [PMID: 28623166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Signaling networks that regulate cellular proliferation often involve complex interactions between several signaling pathways. In this manuscript we review the crosstalk between the Casein Kinase II (CK2) and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) pathways that plays a critical role in the regulation of cellular proliferation in leukemia. Both CK2 and GSK-3 are potential targets for anti-leukemia treatment. Previously published data suggest that CK2 and GSK-3 act synergistically to promote the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway via phosphorylation of PTEN. More recent data demonstrate another mechanism through which CK2 promotes the PI3K pathway - via transcriptional regulation of PI3K pathway genes by the newly-discovered CK2-Ikaros axis. Together, these data suggest that the CK2 and GSK-3 pathways regulate AKT/PI3K signaling in leukemia via two complementary mechanisms: a) direct phosphorylation of PTEN and b) transcriptional regulation of PI3K-promoting genes. Functional interactions between CK2, Ikaros and GSK3 define a novel signaling network that regulates proliferation of leukemia cells. This regulatory network involves both direct posttranslational modifications (by CK and GSK-3) and transcriptional regulation (via CK2-mediated phosphorylation of Ikaros). This information provides a basis for the development of targeted therapy for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrika Gowda
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Mario Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Malika Kapadia
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Yali Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Kimberly Payne
- Department of Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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15
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Oliveira VC, Moretti NS, Augusto Lda S, Schenkman S, Mariano M, Popi AF. Ikaros could be a key factor in the maintenance of "B-side" of B-1 cells. Immunobiology 2015; 220:1232-9. [PMID: 26141488 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ikaros, a zinc finger transcription factor, is an important regulator of the hematopoietic system. Several studies have suggested the role of Ikaros in the development, maturation, activation and differentiation of lymphocytes. To elucidate this mechanism, it is important to understand how this transcription factor works in the dichotomy of the hematopoietic system, a topic that remains uncertain. Herein, we investigated the role of Ikaros in the control of the lymphomyeloid phenotype of B-1 lymphocytes. We found that Ikaros, as well as its target genes, are expressed in B-1 cells,. Moreover, Ikaros positively regulates the expression of Flt3, Gfi and Il7r, while it down-regulates PU.1. During the induction of differentiation of B-1 cells toward phagocytes, Ikaros transcription was reduced. Taken together, these data pointed to the relevance of Ikaros in the maintenance of the promiscuous gene profile of B-1 cells. It could be suggested that Ikaros functions as a guardian of B-1 lymphoid pattern, and that its absence directs the differentiation of B-1 cells into phagocytes.
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Gorzkiewicz A, Walczewska A. Functions of the Ikaros transcription factor and the role of IKZF1 gene defects in hematological malignancies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.achaem.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Abstract
In this issue of Blood, van der Veer et al report the negative prognostic impact of IKZF1 deletions in children with BCR-ABL1–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), despite the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy.1
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Iempridee T, Reusch JA, Riching A, Johannsen EC, Dovat S, Kenney SC, Mertz JE. Epstein-Barr virus utilizes Ikaros in regulating its latent-lytic switch in B cells. J Virol 2014; 88:4811-27. [PMID: 24522918 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.03706-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ikaros is a zinc finger DNA-binding protein that regulates chromatin remodeling and the expression of genes involved in the cell cycle, apoptosis, and Notch signaling. It is a master regulator of lymphocyte differentiation and functions as a tumor suppressor in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nevertheless, no previous reports described effects of Ikaros on the life cycle of any human lymphotropic virus. Here, we demonstrate that full-length Ikaros (IK-1) functions as a major factor in the maintenance of viral latency in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive Burkitt's lymphoma Sal and MutuI cell lines. Either silencing of Ikaros expression by small hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown or ectopic expression of a non-DNA-binding isoform induced lytic gene expression. These effects synergized with other lytic inducers of EBV, including transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and the hypoxia mimic desferrioxamine. Data from chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-quantitative PCR (qPCR) and ChIP-sequencing (ChIP-seq) analyses indicated that Ikaros did not bind to either of the EBV immediate early genes BZLF1 and BRLF1. Rather, Ikaros affected the expression of Oct-2 and Bcl-6, other transcription factors that directly inhibit EBV reactivation and plasma cell differentiation, respectively. IK-1 also complexed with the EBV immediate early R protein in coimmunoprecipitation assays and partially colocalized with R within cells. The presence of R alleviated IK-1-mediated transcriptional repression, with IK-1 then cooperating with Z and R to enhance lytic gene expression. Thus, we conclude that Ikaros plays distinct roles at different stages of EBV's life cycle: it contributes to maintaining latency via indirect mechanisms, and it may also synergize with Z and R to enhance lytic replication through direct association with R and/or R-induced alterations in Ikaros' functional activities via cellular signaling pathways. IMPORTANCE This is the first report showing that the cellular protein Ikaros, a known master regulator of hematopoiesis and critical tumor suppressor in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, also plays important roles in the life cycle of Epstein-Barr virus in B cells.
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Capece D, Zazzeroni F, Mancarelli MM, Verzella D, Fischietti M, Di Tommaso A, Maccarone R, Plebani S, Di Ianni M, Gulino A. A novel, non-canonical splice variant of the Ikaros gene is aberrantly expressed in B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. PLoS One. 2013;8:e68080. [PMID: 23874502 PMCID: PMC3706598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ikaros gene encodes a Krüppel-like zinc-finger transcription factor involved in hematopoiesis regulation. Ikaros has been established as one of the most clinically relevant tumor suppressors in several hematological malignancies. In fact, expression of dominant negative Ikaros isoforms is associated with adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia and adult and juvenile chronic myeloid leukemia. Here, we report the isolation of a novel, non-canonical Ikaros splice variant, called Ikaros 11 (Ik11). Ik11 is structurally related to known dominant negative Ikaros isoforms, due to the lack of a functional DNA-binding domain. Interestingly, Ik11 is the first Ikaros splice variant missing the transcriptional activation domain. Indeed, we demonstrated that Ik11 works as a dominant negative protein, being able to dimerize with Ikaros DNA-binding isoforms and inhibit their functions, at least in part by retaining them in the cytoplasm. Notably, we demonstrated that Ik11 is the first dominant negative Ikaros isoform to be aberrantly expressed in B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Aberrant expression of Ik11 interferes with both proliferation and apoptotic pathways, providing a mechanism for Ik11 involvement in tumor pathogenesis. Thus, Ik11 could represent a novel marker for B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
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Lee NCO, Kononenko AV, Lee HS, Tolkunova EN, Liskovykh MA, Masumoto H, Earnshaw WC, Tomilin AN, Larionov V, Kouprina N. Protecting a transgene expression from the HAC-based vector by different chromatin insulators. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:3723-37. [PMID: 23677492 PMCID: PMC3771377 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1362-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human artificial chromosomes (HACs) are vectors that offer advantages of capacity and stability for gene delivery and expression. Several studies have even demonstrated their use for gene complementation in gene-deficient recipient cell lines and animal transgenesis. Recently, we constructed an advance HAC-based vector, alphoidtetO-HAC, with a conditional centromere. In this HAC, a gene-loading site was inserted into a centrochromatin domain critical for kinetochore assembly and maintenance. While by definition this domain is permissive for transcription, there have been no long-term studies on transgene expression within centrochromatin. In this study, we compared the effects of three chromatin insulators, cHS4, gamma-satellite DNA, and tDNA, on the expression of an EGFP transgene inserted into the alphoidtetO-HAC vector. Insulator function was essential for stable expression of the transgene in centrochromatin. In two analyzed host cell lines, a tDNA insulator composed of two functional copies of tRNA genes showed the highest barrier activity. We infer that proximity to centrochromatin does not protect genes lacking chromatin insulators from epigenetic silencing. Barrier elements that prevent gene silencing in centrochromatin would thus help to optimize transgenesis using HAC vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C O Lee
- Laboratories of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Manghera M, Douville RN. Endogenous retrovirus-K promoter: a landing strip for inflammatory transcription factors? Retrovirology 2013; 10:16. [PMID: 23394165 PMCID: PMC3598470 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-10-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are symbiotic organisms; our genome is populated with a substantial number of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), some remarkably intact, while others are remnants of their former selves. Current research indicates that not all ERVs remain silent passengers within our genomes; re-activation of ERVs is often associated with inflammatory diseases. ERVK is the most recently endogenized and transcriptionally active ERV in humans, and as such may potentially contribute to the pathology of inflammatory disease. Here, we showcase the transcriptional regulation of ERVK. Expression of ERVs is regulated in part by epigenetic mechanisms, but also depends on transcriptional regulatory elements present within retroviral long terminal repeats (LTRs). These LTRs are responsive to both viral and cellular transcription factors; and we are just beginning to appreciate the full complexity of transcription factor interaction with the viral promoter. In this review, an exploration into the inflammatory transcription factor sites within the ERVK LTR will highlight the possible mechanisms by which ERVK is induced in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamneet Manghera
- Department of Biology, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Ozer Z, Qazi S, Ishkhanian R, Hasty P, Ma H, Uckun FM. KU HAPLOINSUFFIENCY CAUSES A LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDER OF IMMATURE T-CELL PRECURSORS DUE TO IKAROS MALFUNCTION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 3:50-64. [PMID: 24478815 DOI: 10.5376/ijmms.2013.03.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Ikaros (IK) malfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common form of childhood cancer. Therefore, a stringent regulation of IK activity is very important. Here we provide unique genetic and biochemical evidence that the Ku protein components Ku70 and Ku80 act as positive regulators of IK function via formation of IK-Ku70 and IK-Ku80 heterodimers with augmented sequence-specific DNA binding activity. siRNA-mediated depletion of Ku70 or Ku80 reduced the sequence-specific DNA binding activity of IK in EMSA as well as the RT-PCR measured IK target gene expression levels in human cells. The interaction of Ku components with IK likely contributes to the anti-leukemic effects of IK as a tumor suppressor, because Ku70 as well as Ku80 haploinsuffiency in mice caused development of a lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) involving CD2+CD4+CD8+CD1+IL7R+ thymic T-cell precursors with functional IK deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahide Ozer
- Systems Immunobiology Laboratory and Developmental Therapeutics Program, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027 ; Molecular Oncology Program, Parker Hughes Institute, St. Paul, MN 55113
| | - Sanjive Qazi
- Systems Immunobiology Laboratory and Developmental Therapeutics Program, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027 ; Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Gustavus Adolphus College, 800 W College Avenue, St. Peter, MN 56082
| | - Rita Ishkhanian
- Systems Immunobiology Laboratory and Developmental Therapeutics Program, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027
| | - Paul Hasty
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78425
| | - Hong Ma
- Systems Immunobiology Laboratory and Developmental Therapeutics Program, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027
| | - Fatih M Uckun
- Systems Immunobiology Laboratory and Developmental Therapeutics Program, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027 ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA ; Developmental Therapeutics Program, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90089
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Li Z, Song C, Ouyang H, Lai L, Payne KJ, Dovat S. Cell cycle-specific function of Ikaros in human leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59:69-76. [PMID: 22106042 PMCID: PMC3292658 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.23406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The loss of Ikaros is associated with the development of B and T cell leukemia. Data on Ikaros function, including its role as a tumor suppressor and a regulator of cell cycle progression, come almost exclusively from murine studies; little is known of the mechanisms that regulate human Ikaros function. Our studies are the first to examine the function and regulation of human Ikaros isoforms during the cell cycle in human ALL. PROCEDURES Electromobility shift assay (EMSA), confocal microscopy, and phosphopeptide mapping were used to study Ikaros function during different stages of the cell cycle. RESULTS The DNA-binding activity of human Ikaros complexes undergoes dynamic changes as the cell cycle progresses. In S phase, Ikaros DNA-binding affinity for regulatory regions of its target genes decreases, while its binding to pericentromeric heterochromatin is preserved and correlates with Ikaros pericentromeric localization. These S phase-specific changes in Ikaros function are controlled by phosphorylation via the CK2 kinase pathway. During cell cycle progression, the subcellular pericentromeric localization of the largest human Ikaros isoforms is different from that in mouse cells, suggesting unique functions for human Ikaros. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the function of Ikaros is cell cycle-specific and controlled by CK2-mediated phosphorylation during S phase of the cell cycle in human T-cell and B-cell ALL. The differences we observe in murine and human Ikaros function highlight the importance of using human cells in studies of ALL. These data identify the CK2 pathway as a target for therapies in ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjun Li
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA,Jilin Province Animal Embryo Engineering Key Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Chunhua Song
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Jilin Province Animal Embryo Engineering Key Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Liangxue Lai
- Jilin Province Animal Embryo Engineering Key Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | | | - Sinisa Dovat
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
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Abstract
The Ikzf1 gene encodes Ikaros-a DNA-binding zinc finger protein. Ikaros functions as a regulator of gene expression and chromatin remodeling. The biological roles of Ikaros include regulating the development and function of the immune system and acting as a master regulator of hematopoietic differentiation. Genomic profiling studies identified Ikzf1 as an important tumor suppressor in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), particularly in ALL that is associated with poor prognosis. This review summarizes currently available data regarding the structure and function of Ikaros, the clinical relevance of genetic inactivation of Ikzf1, and signal transduction pathways that regulate Ikaros function.
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Abstract
Ikaros is a gene whose activity is essential for normal hematopoiesis. Ikaros acts as a master regulator of lymphoid and myeloid development as well as a tumor suppressor. In cells, Ikaros regulates gene expression via chromatin remodeling. During the past 15 years tremendous advances have been made in understanding the role of Ikaros in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. In this Topic Highlights series of reviews, several groups of international experts in this field summarize the experimental data that is shaping the emerging picture of Ikaros function at the biochemical and cellular levels. The articles provide detailed analyses of recent scientific advancements and present models that will serve as a basis for future studies aimed at developing a better understanding of normal hematopoiesis and hematological malignancies and at accelerating the application of this knowledge in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinisa Dovat
- Sinisa Dovat, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, United States
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