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Vyas A, Doshi G. A cross talk on the role of contemporary biomarkers in depression. Biomarkers 2024; 29:18-29. [PMID: 38261718 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2024.2308834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Biomarkers can be used to identify determinants of response to various treatments of mental disorders. Evidence to date demonstrates that markers of inflammatory, neurotransmitter, neurotrophic, neuroendocrine, and metabolic function can predict the psychological and physical consequences of depression in individuals, allowing for the development of new therapeutic targets with fewer side effects. Extensive research has included hundreds of potential biomarkers of depression, but their roles in depression, abnormal patients, and how bioinformatics can be used to improve diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis have not been determined or defined. To determine which biomarkers can and cannot be used to predict treatment response, classify patients for specific treatments, and develop targets for new interventions, proprietary strategies, and current research projects need to be tailored.Material and Methods: This review article focuses on - biomarker systems that would help in the further development and expansion of newer targets - which holds great promise for reducing the burden of depression.Results and Discussion: Further, this review point to the inflammatory response, metabolic marker, and microribonucleic acids, long non-coding RNAs, HPA axis which are - related to depression and can serve as future targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Vyas
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Gaurav Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
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Guo Y, Liang R, Ren J, Cheng L, Wang M, Chai H, Cheng X, Yang Y, Sun Y, Li J, Zhao S, Hou W, Zhang J, Liu F, Wang R, Niu Q, Yu H, Yang S, Bai J, Zhang H, Qin X, Xia N. Cognitive status and its risk factors in patients with hypertension and diabetes in a low-income rural area of China: A cross-sectional study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e6010. [PMID: 37794769 DOI: 10.1002/gps.6010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The proportion of older people with dementia in China is gradually increasing with the increase in the aging population over recent years. Hypertension and diabetes are common non-communicable diseases among rural populations in China. However, it remains unclear whether these conditions affect the occurrence and development of cognitive impairment as there is limited research on cognitive status and its risk factors among residents of rural areas. METHODS A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 5400 participants from rural permanent residents. A self-designed structured questionnaire was used to investigate demographic data of the participants. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Function Assessment Scale (MoCA). The results were analyzed using chi-square test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 5028 participants returned the survey, giving a response rate of 93.1%. Higher education (odds ratio (OR) = 3.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.87-3.54, p < 0.001), higher income (OR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.16-2.07, p < 0.001), and dietary control (OR = 0.66, 95%CI 0.34-0.98, p < 0.001) were protective factors. A visual representation of the relationship between annual income and MoCA score showed an inverted U-curve, the group with an annual income of 6000-7999 RMB had a maximum OR of 1.93 (95%CI 0.12-2.74, p < 0.001). While difficulty in maintaining sleep were risk factors for cognitive impairment (OR = -2.28, 95% CI-4.18-0.39, p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS Participants with middle incomes had better cognitive status than those with the highest incomes. Higher education, proper diet control and good sleep are beneficial to the cognitive status of residents in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Guo
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruifeng Liang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jingjuan Ren
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Liting Cheng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Jinzhong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Health Commission of Shanxi Province, Jinzhong, China
| | - Mengqin Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huilin Chai
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cheng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yaowen Yang
- Health Commission Supervision & Inspection Center, Health Commission of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yajuan Sun
- Evaluation Center for Medical Service and Administration, Health Commission of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiantao Li
- Department of Health Economics, School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuhong Zhao
- Evaluation Center for Medical Service and Administration, Health Commission of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenjing Hou
- Evaluation Center for Medical Service and Administration, Health Commission of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Health Commission and Sports Bureau of Yangqu County, Taiyuan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Yangqu People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Yangqu People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongmei Yu
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shoulin Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianying Bai
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaojiang Qin
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Na Xia
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Samojedny S, Czechowska E, Pańczyszyn-trzewik P, Sowa-kućma M. Postsynaptic Proteins at Excitatory Synapses in the Brain—Relationship with Depressive Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11423. [PMID: 36232725 PMCID: PMC9569598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders (DDs) are an increasingly common health problem that affects all age groups. DDs pathogenesis is multifactorial. However, it was proven that stress is one of the most important environmental factors contributing to the development of these conditions. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the role of the glutamatergic system in the context of pharmacotherapy of DDs. Thus, it has become increasingly important to explore the functioning of excitatory synapses in pathogenesis and pharmacological treatment of psychiatric disorders (including DDs). This knowledge may lead to the description of new mechanisms of depression and indicate new potential targets for the pharmacotherapy of illness. An excitatory synapse is a highly complex and very dynamic structure, containing a vast number of proteins. This review aimed to discuss in detail the role of the key postsynaptic proteins (e.g., NMDAR, AMPAR, mGluR5, PSD-95, Homer, NOS etc.) in the excitatory synapse and to systematize the knowledge about changes that occur in the clinical course of depression and after antidepressant treatment. In addition, a discussion on the potential use of ligands and/or modulators of postsynaptic proteins at the excitatory synapse has been presented.
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