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Dalal A, Kamat N, Maydeo A, Patil G, Vadgaonkar A, Parekh S, Vora S. Assessment of pancreatic ductal stone density on non-contrast computed tomography for predicting the outcome of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Endosc Int Open 2024; 12:E274-E281. [PMID: 38420153 PMCID: PMC10901651 DOI: 10.1055/a-2226-1464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims The utility of stone density at non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) for predicting the effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in chronic calcific pancreatitis (CCP) is relatively unexplored. Patients and methods This was a prospective observational study of patients with CCP. Hounsfield units (HU) were determined for the largest pancreatic ductal stone during pretreatment NCCT. All patients underwent ESWL until the largest stone was fragmented to <3mm, followed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for stone extraction. The predictive factors following ESWL for successful stone extraction were studied and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve determined the HU optimal cut-point. Results Eighty-two patients with a median (interquartile range) age of 36 years (range, 29-55); majority male 45 (54.9%), were included. Idiopathic CCP was noted in 78 patients (95.1%). The median stone density (SD) was 1095 HU (range, 860.7-1260.7) and the number of ESWL sessions was 2 (range, 2-3). Complete stone removal at index ERCP was achieved in 55 patients (67.1%). Those with partial clearance (n=27) needed a repeat ERCP, which was successful in 26 (96.3%); one patient (3.7%) underwent surgery. There was a significant, positive correlation between number of ESWL sessions and SD (r=0.797; P <0.001). On bivariate analysis, SD and the number of ESWL sessions revealed a significant association with complete ductal clearance. The optimal cut-point for complete stone removal by the ROC curve was 1106.5 HU (Youden index 0.726), with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 80%. Conclusions The SD is a significant predictor of ESWL success followed by ductal clearance at ERCP, and <1106.5 HU is a predictor of good candidates for ESWL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Dalal
- Institute of Gastrosciences, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Nagesh Kamat
- Institute of Gastrosciences, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Amit Maydeo
- Institute of Gastrosciences, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Gaurav Patil
- Institute of Gastrosciences, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Amol Vadgaonkar
- Institute of Gastrosciences, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanil Parekh
- Institute of Gastrosciences, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Sehajad Vora
- Institute of Gastrosciences, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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Sánchez-Pozos K, Ramírez-Jurado AA, Medina-Escobedo M, Garrido-Dzib ÁG, González-Rocha LA, Gutiérrez-Solis AL, Avila-Nava A, Lugo R. Computed tomographic characterization of urinary stones in patients with urolithiasis from Southeast Mexico. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23547. [PMID: 38169908 PMCID: PMC10758874 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Urolithiasis (UL) is a severe public health concern in southeastern Mexico. Computed tomography (CT) is the first-line diagnostic method for patients with suspected UL. The present study aimed to characterize stones in the entire urinary system using CT and to contribute to personalized treatment in patients with UL. Patients >18 years of age with suspected UL were enrolled. Characteristics of UL included stone size, location (kidney, ureters, and bladder), composition of the stone in Hounsfield units (HU), presence of staghorn stone(s), and obstructive uropathy. Patients were stratified according to sex and age to determine whether stone size and HU were dependent on hormonal factors in females and on prostatic hyperplasia in males. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare median values. Frequencies are expressed as percentages and were analyzed using the Mantel-Haenszel chi-squared test. A total of 1150 patients were included in this study, of whom 744 (64.7 %) had UL in only 1 anatomical location in the urinary system, and 406 (35.3 %) had stones in ≥2 anatomical locations. Localization and stone size differed between males and females (p < 0.05). Additionally, males exhibited differences in HU (p = 0.024) and frequency of obstructive uropathy (p = 0.10) when stratified according to age (≤50 and > 50 years). In addition, females exhibited statistical differences in HU (p = 0.010) and kidney stone size (p = 0.047) dependent on age (≤47 and > 47 years). In conclusion, findings suggest that HU and stone size differ in different anatomical structures of the urinary system. In addition, differences in stone size and composition may be associated with age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Sánchez-Pozos
- Research Division, Hospital Juarez de Mexico, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 5160, Magdalena de las Salinas, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, 07760. Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Abraham Adolfo Ramírez-Jurado
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Peninsula de Yucatan, Calle 7 por 20 y 22 Num 433, Fracc. Altabrisa, 97130, Merida, Mexico
| | - Martha Medina-Escobedo
- Research Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Peninsula de Yucatan, Calle 7 por 20 y 22 Num 433, Fracc. Altabrisa, 97130, Merida, Mexico
| | - Ángel Gabriel Garrido-Dzib
- Research Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Peninsula de Yucatan, Calle 7 por 20 y 22 Num 433, Fracc. Altabrisa, 97130, Merida, Mexico
| | - Lizeth Araceli González-Rocha
- Research Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Peninsula de Yucatan, Calle 7 por 20 y 22 Num 433, Fracc. Altabrisa, 97130, Merida, Mexico
| | - Ana Ligia Gutiérrez-Solis
- Research Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Peninsula de Yucatan, Calle 7 por 20 y 22 Num 433, Fracc. Altabrisa, 97130, Merida, Mexico
| | - Azalia Avila-Nava
- Research Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Peninsula de Yucatan, Calle 7 por 20 y 22 Num 433, Fracc. Altabrisa, 97130, Merida, Mexico
| | - Roberto Lugo
- Research Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Peninsula de Yucatan, Calle 7 por 20 y 22 Num 433, Fracc. Altabrisa, 97130, Merida, Mexico
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Rodríguez D, Gurevich E, Mohammadi Jouabadi S, Pastor Arroyo EM, Ritter A, Estoppey Younes S, Wagner CA, Imenez Silva PH, Seeger H, Mohebbi N. Serum sclerostin is associated with recurrent kidney stone formation independent of hypercalciuria. Clin Kidney J 2024; 17:sfad256. [PMID: 38186870 PMCID: PMC10768761 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Kidney stones are frequent in industrialized countries with a lifetime risk of 10 to 15%. A high percentage of individuals experience recurrence. Calcium-containing stones account for more than 80% of kidney stones. Diet, environmental factors, behavior, and genetic variants contribute to the development of kidney stones. Osteocytes excrete the 21 kDa glycoprotein sclerostin, which inhibits bone formation by osteoblasts. Animal data suggests that sclerostin might directly or indirectly regulate calcium excretion via the kidney. As hypercalciuria is one of the most relevant risk factors for kidney stones, sclerostin might possess pathogenic relevance in nephrolithiasis. Methods We performed a prospective cross-sectional observational controlled study in 150 recurrent kidney stone formers (rKSF) to analyse the association of sclerostin with known stone risk factors and important modulators of calcium-phosphate metabolism. Serum sclerostin levels were determined at the first visit. As controls, we used 388 non-stone formers from a large Swiss epidemiological cohort. Results Sclerostin was mildly increased in rKSF in comparison to controls. This finding was more pronounced in women compared to men. Logistic regression indicated an association of serum sclerostin with rKSF status. In hypercalciuric individuals, sclerostin levels were not different from normocalciuric patients. In Spearman correlation analysis we found a positive correlation between sclerostin, age, and BMI and a negative correlation with eGFR. There was a weak correlation with iPTH and intact FGF 23. In contrast, serum sclerostin levels were not associated with 25-OH Vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxy-Vitamin D3, urinary calcium and phosphate or other urinary lithogenic risk factors. Conclusion This is the first prospective controlled study investigating serum sclerostin in rKSF. Sclerostin levels were increased in rKSF independent of hypercalciuria and significantly associated with the status as rKSF. It appears that mechanisms other than hypercalciuria may be involved and thus further studies are required to elucidate underlying pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rodríguez
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Soroush Mohammadi Jouabadi
- Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Alexander Ritter
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Henrique Imenez Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harald Seeger
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nilufar Mohebbi
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Grossu I, Savencu O, Verga M, Verga N. Optimization technique for increasing resolution in computed tomography imaging. MethodsX 2023; 10:102228. [PMID: 37255576 PMCID: PMC10225926 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Starting from the importance of conforming to biological reality in medicine, in this paper we propose an optimization technique for increasing resolution of computed tomography (CT) images acquired using various existing scanners. Considering a three-dimensional Hounsfield Units (HU) array, together with the corresponding spatial metadata of interest (pixel sizes and slice thickness), the procedure is based on halving each voxel along the directions of the device's Cartesian frame of reference and find those values which are both satisfying the X-Rays attenuation coefficient average requirement and minimizing the HU distance to classical interpolation points. The discussed method was tested by implementing a C# .Net 6, cross-platform library containing two algorithm flavors that could be independently applied: "Z" for doubling the number of slices, and "XY" for doubling the resolution of individual slices. This design allows also chaining (e.g. one could apply the "Z,XY,Z" sequence in order to reduce four times slice thickness). In the context of existing unavoidable limitations, the first results are suggesting the "CT compatible" interpolation technique could provide a reasonable approximation of reality. However, the main advantage comes from satisfying mass conservation, which is of high importance in medical diagnosis and treatment.•The Hounsfield Units scale is defined as a linear transformation of the X-Rays attenuation coefficients. Thus, splitting a computed tomography voxel into two congruent volumes must satisfy the HU average requirement (the initial value must equal the average of the two output HU values).•Existing interpolation methods (linear, spline, etc.) are not compatible with the computed tomography HU average requirement. This could also result in mass estimate anomalies with significant impact in medical diagnosis.•The proposed "CT compatible" interpolation method is based on finding those values which are both satisfying the X-Rays attenuation coefficient average requirement and minimizing the Hounsfield Units distance to classical interpolation points.
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Affiliation(s)
- I.V. Grossu
- Coltea Clinical Hospital, I.C. Bratianu 1, Bucuresti 030171, Romania
| | - O. Savencu
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dionisie Lupu 37, Bucuresti 020021, Romania
| | - M. Verga
- Emergency University Hospital, Splaiul Independentei, 169, Bucuresti 050098, Romania
| | - N. Verga
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dionisie Lupu 37, Bucuresti 020021, Romania
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Moon HW, Taeyb M, Park YH, Bae WJ, Ha US, Hong SH, Lee JY, Kim SW, Cho HJ. The impact of Hounsfield unit-related variables on percutaneous nephrolithotomy outcomes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18451. [PMID: 36323761 PMCID: PMC9630435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify the association between Hounsfield Unit(HU)-related variables and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) outcomes. We enrolled patients with single renal stones (1-3 cm) who underwent single-tract PCNL between January 2014 and October 2019. Demographics and stone characteristics were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative computerized tomography (CT) and follow-up CT within at least 3 months after PCNL were included in this analysis. Stone-free status was defined as residual stone measuring ≤ 2 mm within 3 months postoperatively. HU and cross-sectional area (CSA) were measured using the free-draw technique. We analyzed HU-related variables using logistic regression model for outcomes. Altogether, 188 out of 683 patients met the inclusion criteria. The stone-free rate (SFR) was 79.2%. There were no significant differences in age, sex, BMI, ASA class, laterality, pre-op shockwave lithotripsy, stone size, stone burden, skin-to-stone distance, and HU between the stone-free and remnant groups. CSA and HU/CSA in the stone-free and remnant groups were 94.5 ± 46.1 and 128.3 ± 98.5 (p = 0.043) and 10.1 ± 5.6 and 7.3 ± 3.4 (p = 0.001), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that pelvis, ureteropelvic junction stones, and HU/CSA were independent predictors of SFR. HU did not affect PCNL outcomes. We believe that HU/CSA could be used for determining stone treatment plans and predicting outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyong Woo Moon
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Mustafa Taeyb
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea ,grid.415310.20000 0001 2191 4301Department of Urology, King Faisal Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yong Hyun Park
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Jin Bae
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - U.-Syn Ha
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoo Hong
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Youl Lee
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Woong Kim
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Jin Cho
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
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Lu X, Hu D, Zhou B. High attenuation value in non-contrast computer tomography can predict pyonephrosis in patients with upper urinary tract stones. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30557. [PMID: 36181040 PMCID: PMC9524909 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate whether the higher attenuation value [Hounsfield unit (HU)] in non-contrast CT can predict pyonephrosis in patients with upper urinary tract stones (UTS). Between October 2019 and October 2021, patients with hydronephrosis or pyonephrosis secondary to upper UTS were retrospectively searched in our study. All patients with UTS were treated with percutaneous nephrostomy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, retrograde ureteral stent or transurethral ureteroscope lithotripsy. We excluded patients treated with extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy. Patients whose CT was not performed in our hospital or treated in another hospital were also excluded. Clinical data regarding basic information, clinical feature, Calculi-related indicators, HU values of the renal pelvis, the thick wall of the renal pelvis on CT were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were performed. Receiver operative characteristic curves were drawn to predict pyonephrosis. A total of 240 patients with UTS were retrospected in this research, 191 patients had hydronephrosis (Group 1), and 49 patients had hydronephrosis with pyonephrosis (Group 2). The HU value of the renal collecting system in Group 2 (mean, 15.46; range, +1/+30) was significantly higher than that in Group 1 (mean, 5.5; 5 range -6/+24) (P = .02); the receiver operative characteristic curve analysis revealed that the best cut-off value of 9.5 could predict the presence of pyonephrosis, with 71.4% sensitivity and 70.2% specificity (area under the curve = 0.613; 95% CI: 0.514-0.713). In this study, we found the HU attenuation value of the renal collecting system can be used to distinguish pyonephrosis from hydronephrosis in patients with UTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Lu
- Department of Urology, Xiang Yang No. 1 People’s Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
- * Correspondence: Xiaofei Lu and Benzheng Zhou, Department of Urology, Xiang Yang No. 1 People’s Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 44100, China (e-mail: ; )
| | - Dechao Hu
- Department of Urology, Xiang Yang No. 1 People’s Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Benzheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, Xiang Yang No. 1 People’s Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
- * Correspondence: Xiaofei Lu and Benzheng Zhou, Department of Urology, Xiang Yang No. 1 People’s Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 44100, China (e-mail: ; )
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Saad Elsayed M, Abo Ghareeb ME, Hamed H, Elmoazen M, Shorbagy AA. Evaluation of the relation between size of stone and its attenuation measured by Hounsfield units and the total laser energy required to fragment it. Scand J Urol 2022; 56:308-312. [PMID: 35929867 DOI: 10.1080/21681805.2022.2104366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anticipating the total laser energy (TLE) of Holmium YAG laser required for ureteroscopic (URS) lithotripsy is essential to guide urologists in selecting the optimal fiber size. This study aimed at evaluating the relationship between stone size and stone attenuation measured by HU as predictors for the TLE during the procedure. METHODS We conducted an observational prospective cohort study of patients undergoing URS lithotripsy at the Urology department of Ain Shams University Hospitals from September 2018 to September 2019 with the use of a holmium YAG laser as the lithotripsy method. Patients' demographic and clinical characteristics, stone location, stone size, stone attenuation measured by HU from the non-contrast CT, TLE, and procedure time were recorded. Data were analyzed using Jamovi software (version 2.0 for macOS). RESULTS Forty patients were included in the study (22 males and 18 females) with a mean age of 57.8 years. The mean stone size was 9.8 mm3, the mean HU was 858.8 units, and the mean TLE was 3.5 KJ. Both stone size and stone attenuation measured by HU were positively correlated with TLE (r = 0.81 and 0.84, respectively; p < 0.001 for both). Further, regression analysis showed that both variables could significantly predict the TLE (ß = 0.001 and 0.71, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Both stone attenuation, as measured by HU, and stone size positively correlate with TLE required for URS lithotripsy. Therefore, both HU and stone size can predict the TLE, which will be helpful to guide the urologist in selecting the optimal fiber size for the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hany Hamed
- Department of Urology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Chen M, Yang J, Lu J, Zhou Z, Huang K, Zhang S, Yuan G, Zhang Q, Li Z. Ureteral calculi lithotripsy for single ureteral calculi: can DNN-assisted model help preoperatively predict risk factors for sepsis? Eur Radiol 2022. [PMID: 35731290 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-08882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the utility of radiomics and deep learning model in assessing the risk factors for sepsis after flexible ureteroscopy lithotripsy (FURL) or percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in patients with ureteral calculi. METHODS This retrospective analysis included 847 patients with treatment-naive proximal ureteral calculi who received FURL or PCNL. All participants were preoperatively conducted non-contrast computed tomography scans, and relevant clinical information was meanwhile collected. After propensity score matching, the radiomics model was established to predict the onset of sepsis. A deep learning model was also adapted to further improve the prediction accuracy. Performance of these trained models was verified in another independent external validation set including 40 cases of ureteral calculi patients. RESULTS The overall incidence of sepsis after FURL or PCNL was 5.9%. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis revealed 26 predictive variables, with an overall AUC of 0.881 (95% CI, 0.813-0.931) and an AUC of 0.783 (95% CI, 0.766-0.801) in external validation cohort. Judicious adaption of a deep neural network (DNN) model to our dataset improved the AUC to 0.920 (95% CI, 0.906-0.933) in the internal validation. To eliminate the overfitting, external validation was carried out for DNN model (AUC = 0.874 (95% CI, 0.858-0.891)). CONCLUSIONS The DNN was more effective than the LASSO model in revealing risk factors for sepsis after FURL or PCNL in single ureteral calculi patients, and females are more susceptible to sepsis than males. Deep learning models have the potential to act as gatekeepers to facilitate patient stratification. KEY POINTS • Both the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and deep neural network (DNN) models were shown to be effective in sepsis prediction. • The DNN model achieved superior prediction capability, with an AUC of 0.920 (95% CI, 0.906-0.933). • DNN-assisted model has potential to serve as a gatekeeper to facilitate patient stratification.
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Öztürk E, Yıkılmaz TN, Hamidi N, Öztürk FU, Selvi İ, Başar H, Reşorlu B. Stones hounsfield unit value and predictors of urinary leakage after PCNL. Afr J Urol 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s12301-022-00281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
To evaluate the predictive factors of urinary leakage (UL) following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) and to investigate the relationship between Hounsfield unit (HU) of stone and UL.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the data of 728 patients who underwent PNL between January 2012 and January 2017. In total, 396 patients were eligible for the study. Patient demographics, renal factors, stone properties and operative details were collected. The association between UL and these variables were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis.
Results
There was no statistically significant correlation considering age, body mass index and the presence of hypertension. The presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) was significantly correlated with UL (p < 0.001). Kidney related factors such as parenchymal thickness, hydronephrosis grade (HN), previous stone treatment, and stone related factors, such as stone surface area, stone burden, stone localization and HU value of stone, were found to affect UL status significantly (p < 0.001). Operation time, fluoroscopy time, treatment outcome, j stent use, percutenous nephrostomy (PCN) catheter stay time and the hospitalization time also had significant effect on UL (p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic analysis showed that presence of DM, parenchymal thickness, HU values, HN, operation time, j stent use, and PCN catheter stay time are independently related with UL following PCNL. Moreover, we determined a HU cut-off value of 933 with ROC analysis, which demostrated 84.9% sensitivity and 67.1% specificity for predicting UL.
Conclusion
This study has shown that we are more likely to encounter postoperative UL in stones with higher HU values. Therefore, we suggest clinicians to inform patients with this type of kidney stones about the probable complication of UL.
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Moghisi R, El Morr C, Pace KT, Hajiha M, Huang J. A Machine Learning Approach to Predict the Outcome of Urinary Calculi Treatment Using Shock Wave Lithotripsy: Model Development and Validation Study. Interact J Med Res 2022; 11:e33357. [PMID: 35293872 PMCID: PMC8968550 DOI: 10.2196/33357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), ureteroscopy, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy are established treatments for renal stones. Historically, SWL has been a predominant and commonly used procedure for treating upper tract renal stones smaller than 20 mm in diameter due to its noninvasive nature. However, the reported failure rate of SWL after one treatment session ranges from 30% to 89%. The failure rate can be reduced by identifying candidates likely to benefit from SWL and manage patients who are likely to fail SWL with other treatment modalities. This would enhance and optimize treatment results for SWL candidates. Objective We proposed to develop a machine learning model that can predict SWL outcomes to assist practitioners in the decision-making process when considering patients for stone treatment. Methods A data set including 58,349 SWL procedures performed during 31,569 patient visits for SWL to a single hospital between 1990 and 2016 was used to construct and validate the predictive model. The AdaBoost algorithm was applied to a data set with 17 predictive attributes related to patient demographics and stone characteristics, with success or failure as an outcome. The AdaBoost algorithm was also applied to a training data set. The generated model’s performance was compared to that of 5 other machine learning algorithms, namely C4.5 decision tree, naïve Bayes, Bayesian network, K-nearest neighbors, and multilayer perceptron. Results The developed model was validated with a testing data set and performed significantly better than the models generated by the other 5 predictive algorithms. The sensitivity and specificity of the model were 0.875 and 0.653, respectively, while its positive predictive value was 0.7159 and negative predictive value was 0.839. The C-statistics of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was 0.843, which reflects an excellent test. Conclusions We have developed a rigorous machine learning model to assist physicians and decision-makers to choose patients with renal stones who are most likely to have successful SWL treatment based on their demographics and stone characteristics. The proposed machine learning model can assist physicians and decision-makers in planning for SWL treatment and allow for more effective use of limited health care resources and improve patient prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Moghisi
- School of Information Technology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christo El Morr
- School of Health Policy and Management, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth T Pace
- Division of Urology, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammad Hajiha
- Department of Urology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Jimmy Huang
- School of Information Technology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Medina-Escobedo M, Sánchez-Pozos K, Gutiérrez-Solis AL, Avila-Nava A, González-Rocha L, Lugo R. Recurrence of Nephrolithiasis and Surgical Events Are Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease in Adult Patients. Medicina (Kaunas) 2022; 58:medicina58030420. [PMID: 35334596 PMCID: PMC8954899 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58030420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective: Nephrolithiasis (NL) is a public health problem in the population of Southeast Mexico because of its high prevalence and recurrence. The evolution of this pathology can result in renal damage and may even cause chronic kidney disease (CKD), leading to a reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR), decreased kidney function, and kidney loss in advanced stages. However, few studies support this evidence in the population. The present study aimed to determine risk factors associated with CKD in adult patients in an endemic population of Mexico. Materials and methods: A case-control study was carried out with patients diagnosed with NL. Additionally, the clinical information of patients (age, weight, height, blood pressure, comorbidities, and time of progress of NL), characteristics of the stones (number, location, and Hounsfield units), and biochemical parameters were collected. Results: The recurrence of NL was associated with CKD (OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.37−2.27; p = 0.003). In addition, male sex (p = 0.016), surgical history (p = 0.011), bilateral kidney stones (p < 0.001), and urinary tract infections (p = 0.004) were other factors associated with CKD. Interestingly, thirty-two patients younger than 50 years old with >2 surgical events presented a significant decrease in GFR (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The recurrence of NL and the number of surgical events were risk factors associated with CKD in patients with NL treated in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Medina-Escobedo
- Research Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Peninsula de Yucatán, Calle 7 por 20 y 22, Fraccionamiento Altabrisa, Merida 97130, Mexico; (M.M.-E.); (A.L.G.-S.); (A.A.-N.); (L.G.-R.)
| | - Katy Sánchez-Pozos
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Hospital Juarez de Mexico, Av. Instituto Politecnico Nacional 5160, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07760, Mexico;
| | - Ana Ligia Gutiérrez-Solis
- Research Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Peninsula de Yucatán, Calle 7 por 20 y 22, Fraccionamiento Altabrisa, Merida 97130, Mexico; (M.M.-E.); (A.L.G.-S.); (A.A.-N.); (L.G.-R.)
| | - Azalia Avila-Nava
- Research Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Peninsula de Yucatán, Calle 7 por 20 y 22, Fraccionamiento Altabrisa, Merida 97130, Mexico; (M.M.-E.); (A.L.G.-S.); (A.A.-N.); (L.G.-R.)
| | - Lizeth González-Rocha
- Research Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Peninsula de Yucatán, Calle 7 por 20 y 22, Fraccionamiento Altabrisa, Merida 97130, Mexico; (M.M.-E.); (A.L.G.-S.); (A.A.-N.); (L.G.-R.)
| | - Roberto Lugo
- Research Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Peninsula de Yucatán, Calle 7 por 20 y 22, Fraccionamiento Altabrisa, Merida 97130, Mexico; (M.M.-E.); (A.L.G.-S.); (A.A.-N.); (L.G.-R.)
- Correspondence:
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Bongrand B, Millet I, Autissier C, Faget C, Robert M. Efficacy of electromagnetic extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy on high-density ureteral stones. Prog Urol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Tolonen A, Pakarinen T, Sassi A, Kyttä J, Cancino W, Rinta-Kiikka I, Pertuz S, Arponen O. Methodology, clinical applications, and future directions of body composition analysis using computed tomography (CT) images: A review. Eur J Radiol 2021; 145:109943. [PMID: 34839215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW We aim to review the methods, current research evidence, and future directions in body composition analysis (BCA) with CT imaging. RECENT FINDINGS CT images can be used to evaluate muscle tissue, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) compartments. Manual and semiautomatic segmentation methods are still the gold standards. The segmentation of skeletal muscle tissue and VAT and SAT compartments is most often performed at the level of the 3rd lumbar vertebra. A decreased amount of CT-determined skeletal muscle mass is a marker of impaired survival in many patient populations, including patients with most types of cancer, some surgical patients, and those admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Patients with increased VAT are more susceptible to impaired survival / worse outcomes; however, those patients who are critically ill or admitted to the ICU or who will undergo surgery appear to be exceptions. The independent significance of SAT is less well established. Recently, the roles of the CT-determined decrease of muscle mass and increased VAT area and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume have been shown to predict a more debilitating course of illness in patients suffering from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) infection. SUMMARY The field of CT-based body composition analysis is rapidly evolving and shows great potential for clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Tolonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tampere University, Kauppi Campus, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Tomppa Pakarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tampere University, Kauppi Campus, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Department of Radiology, Tampere University Hospital, Elämänaukio, Kuntokatu 2, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Antti Sassi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tampere University, Kauppi Campus, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Department of Radiology, Tampere University Hospital, Elämänaukio, Kuntokatu 2, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jere Kyttä
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tampere University, Kauppi Campus, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - William Cancino
- Connectivity and Signal Processing Group, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Cl. 9 #Cra 27, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Irina Rinta-Kiikka
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tampere University, Kauppi Campus, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Department of Radiology, Tampere University Hospital, Elämänaukio, Kuntokatu 2, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Said Pertuz
- Connectivity and Signal Processing Group, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Cl. 9 #Cra 27, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Otso Arponen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tampere University, Kauppi Campus, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Department of Radiology, Tampere University Hospital, Elämänaukio, Kuntokatu 2, 33520 Tampere, Finland
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García Rojo E, Teoh JYC, Castellani D, Brime Menéndez R, Tanidir Y, Benedetto Galosi A, Bhatia TP, Soebhali B, Sridharan V, Corrales M, Vaddi CM, Shrestha A, Singh A, Lakmichi MA, Ragoori D, Sepulveda F, Hamri SB, Ganpule AP, Emiliani E, Somani B, Traxer O, Gauhar V. Real-world Global Outcomes of Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery in Anomalous Kidneys: A High Volume International Multicenter Study. Urology 2021; 159:41-47. [PMID: 34715241 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the trends and outcomes of retrograde intrarenal surgery for treatment of urolithiasis in anomalous kidneys in a large international multicenter series. MATERIALS AND METHODS We designed a multicentric retrospective study. Nineteen high-volume centers worldwide were included. Pre-, peri- and postoperative data were collected, and a subgroup analysis was performed according to renal anomaly. RESULTS We analyzed 414 procedures: 119 (28.7%) were horseshoe kidneys, 102 (24.6%) pelvic ectopic kidneys, 69 (16.7%) malrotated kidneys and 50 (12.1%) diverticular calculus. The average size (SD) of the stone was 13.9 (±6) millimeters and 193 (46.6%) patients had a pre-operative stent. In 249 cases (60.1%) a disposable scope was used. A UAS (ureteral access sheath) was used in 373 (90%) patients. A Holmium laser was used in 391 (94.4%) patients. The average (SD) operating time was 65.3 (±24.2) minutes. Hematuria, caliceal perforation and difficulty in stone localisation were mostly seen in diverticular stones and difficulty in UAS placement and lithotripsy in the cases of renal malrotation. The overall complication rate was 12%. Global stone-free rate was 79.2%. Residual fragments (RF) were significantly lesser in the pre-stented group (P <.05). Diverticular calculi was the group with more RF and needed ancillary procedures (P <.05). CONCLUSION Retrograde intrarenal surgery in patients with anomalous kidneys is safe and effective with a high single-stage stone-free rate and low complication rate. There is a trend toward using smaller and disposable scopes and smaller UAS. Diverticular stones can still be challenging with higher rates of intraoperative hematuria, caliceal perforation and RF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther García Rojo
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, HM Hospitales and ROC Clinic, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh
- Department of Surgery, S.H. Ho Urology Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniele Castellani
- Department of Urology, Universita Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ricardo Brime Menéndez
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, HM Hospitales and ROC Clinic, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yiloren Tanidir
- Department of Urology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Tanuj Pal Bhatia
- Departmen of Urology, Sarvodaya Hospital and Research Centre, Faridabad, Haryana , India
| | - Boyke Soebhali
- Department of Urology, Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Hospital Samarinda, Kota Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia
| | - Vikram Sridharan
- Department of Urology, Sree Paduka Speciality Hospital, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mariela Corrales
- Department of Urology Hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Chandra Mohan Vaddi
- Department of Urology, Preeti Urology and Kidney Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Anil Shrestha
- Department of Urology, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Abhishek Singh
- Department of Urology, Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital, Nadiad, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohamed Amine Lakmichi
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Mohammed the VIth of Marrakesh, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Deepak Ragoori
- Department of Urology, Asian Institute of Nephrology and Urology, Banjara Hills, Telangana, India
| | - Fabio Sepulveda
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Saeed Bin Hamri
- Department of Urology, Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arvind Prakash Ganpule
- Department of Urology, Urology Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital, Nadiad, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Bhaskar Somani
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Traxer
- Department of Urology Hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Vineet Gauhar
- Department of Urology, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Jurong East, Singapore
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Lee S, Lee DH, Lee JH, Lee S, Han K, Park CH, Kim TH. Semi-Quantitative Analysis for Determining the Optimal Threshold Value on CT to Measure the Solid Portion of Pulmonary Subsolid Nodules. Taehan Yongsang Uihakhoe Chi 2021; 82:670-681. [PMID: 36238777 PMCID: PMC9432458 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2020.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the optimal threshold value in Hounsfield units (HU) on CT to detect the solid components of pulmonary subsolid nodules using pathologic invasive foci as reference. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thin-section non-enhanced chest CT scans of 25 patients with pathologically confirmed minimally invasive adenocarcinoma were retrospectively reviewed. On CT images, the solid portion was defined as the area with higher attenuation than various HU thresholds ranging from -600 to -100 HU in 50-HU intervals. The solid portion was measured as the largest diameter on axial images and as the maximum diameter on multiplanar reconstruction images. A linear mixed model was used to evaluate bias in each threshold by using the pathological size of invasive foci as reference. RESULTS At a threshold of -400 HU, the biases were lowest between the largest/maximum diameter of the solid portion of subsolid nodule and the size of invasive foci of the pathological specimen, with 0.388 and -0.0176, respectively. They showed insignificant difference (p = 0.2682, p = 0.963, respectively) at a threshold of -400 HU. CONCLUSION For quantitative analysis, -400 HU may be the optimal threshold to define the solid portion of subsolid nodules as a surrogate marker of invasive foci.
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Mohammadinejad P, Ferrero A, Bartlett DJ, Khandelwal A, Marcus R, Lieske JC, Moen TR, Mara KC, Enders FT, McCollough CH, Fletcher JG. Automated radiomic analysis of CT images to predict likelihood of spontaneous passage of symptomatic renal stones. Emerg Radiol 2021; 28:781-8. [PMID: 33644833 DOI: 10.1007/s10140-021-01915-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the ability of a semi-automated radiomic analysis software in predicting the likelihood of spontaneous passage of urinary stones compared with manual measurements. METHODS Symptomatic patients visiting the emergency department with suspected stones in either kidney or ureters who underwent a CT scan were included. Patients were followed for up to 6 months for the outcome of a trial of passage. Maximum stone diameters in axial and coronal images were measured manually. Stone length, width, height, max diameter, volume, the mean and standard deviation of the Hounsfield units, and morphologic features were also measured using automated radiomic analysis software. Multivariate models were developed using these data to predict subsequent spontaneous stone passage, with results expressed as the area under a receiver operating curve (AUC). RESULTS One hundred eighty-four patients (69 females) with a median age of 56 years were included. Spontaneous stone passage occurred in 114 patients (62%). Univariate analysis demonstrated an AUC of 0.83 and 0.82 for the maximum stone diameter determined manually in the axial and coronal planes, respectively. Multivariate models demonstrated an AUC of 0.82 for a model including manual measurement of maximum stone diameter in axial and coronal planes. The same AUC was found for a model including automatic measurement of maximum height and diameter of the stone. Further addition of morphological parameters measured automatically did not increase AUC beyond 0.83. CONCLUSION The semi-automated radiomic analysis of urinary stones shows similar accuracy compared with manual measurements for predicting urinary stone passage. Further studies are needed to predict clinical impacts of reporting the likelihood of urinary stone passage and improving inter-observer variation using automatic radiomic analysis software.
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Erdogan A, Sambel M, Caglayan V, Avci S. Importance of the Hounsfield Unit Value Measured by Computed Tomography in the Differentiation of Hydronephrosis and Pyonephrosis. Cureus 2020; 12:e11675. [PMID: 33391912 PMCID: PMC7769741 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of the non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography (NCECT) renal pelvis Hounsfield unit (HU) values in differentiating between the hydronephrosis and pyonephrosis in dilated urinary systems. Materials and methods Patients who underwent percutaneous nephrostomy (PN) due to urinary system obstruction in the last three years were retrospectively evaluated. Pyonephrosis and hydronephrosis groups were differentiated according to the clarity of percutaneous needle aspiration. The patients’ renal pelvic anteroposterior (AP) diameter, renal pelvic area, and mean HU values were measured on NCECT and compared between two groups. Results PN was performed on a total of 523 patients. The study included 159 patients and 214 renal units. Hydronephrosis was detected in 176 renal units and pyonephrosis in 38 renal units. No statistically significant difference was observed between the measured AP diameter and renal pelvic area in the two groups (28.45 ± 10.1 mm vs. 31.13 ± 14.4 mm, p = 0.36 and 658.51 ± 433.1 mm2 vs. 755.14 ± 470.6 mm2, p = 0.22, respectively). The mean HU value of the pyonephrosis group was significantly higher (2.30 ± 5.02 vs. 10.97 ± 6.68, p < 0.001). At the cut-off value of 8.46, HU had a sensitivity of 68.4% and specificity of 92.6% in the diagnosis of pyonephrosis. Conclusions It is possible to determine differential diagnosis between pyonephrosis and hydronephrosis easily and without additional cost by performing dilated renal pelvis HU measurements on NCECT.
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Kim HJ. Non-surgical treatment of urinary stone. J Korean Med Assoc 2020. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2020.63.11.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Some patients with urinary stones can be managed non-surgically through observation, medication, or extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL). Symptomatic urinary stones can initially be treated conservatively using analgesics and hydration. When uncontrolled pain or infection is present, immediate diversion via either percutaneous nephrostomy or ureteral stenting may be necessary. Medical expulsive therapy utilizing alpha-blocker may benefit a selected group of patients with stones larger than 5 mm. Oral or percutaneous chemolysis is a well-established non-invasive option with a reasonable success rate for patients with a certain component such as uric acid. When medical treatment is applied, its unintended side effects should be considered and routinely monitored. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy is a highly effective and safe modality in treating urinary stones when adequately indicated. In addition to the size and location of the stone, information obtained from non-enhanced computed tomography such as stone density, stone heterogenicity index, and stone-to-skin distance can be applied to predict the possibility of ESWL failure. Modifications in shock wave delivery by altering shock rate and voltage can improve shock wave efficacy. Urinary stones can be managed effectively and safely using non-surgical approaches.
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Boeri L, Fulgheri I, Palmisano F, Lievore E, Lorusso V, Ripa F, D'Amico M, Spinelli MG, Salonia A, Carrafiello G, Montanari E. Hounsfield unit attenuation value can differentiate pyonephrosis from hydronephrosis and predict septic complications in patients with obstructive uropathy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18546. [PMID: 33122830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75672-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess the role of computerized tomography attenuation values (Hounsfield unit-HU) for differentiating pyonephrosis from hydronephrosis and for predicting postoperative infectious complications in patients with obstructive uropathy. We analysed data from 122 patients who underwent nephrostomy tube or ureteral catheter placement for obstructive uropathy. A radiologist drew the region of interest for quantitative measurement of the HU values in the hydronephrotic region of the affected kidney. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models tested the predictive value of HU determination in differentiating pyonephrosis from hydronephrosis and in predicting postoperative sepsis. A HU cut-off value of 6.3 could diagnose the presence of pyonephrosis with 71.6% sensitivity and 71.5% specificity (AUC 0.76; 95%CI: 0.66-0.85). At multivariable logistic regression analysis HU ≥ 6.3 (p ≤ 0.001) was independently associated with pyonephrosis. Patients who developed sepsis had higher HU values (p ≤ 0.001) than those without sepsis. A HU cut-off value of 7.3 could diagnose the presence of sepsis with 76.5% sensitivity and 74.3% specificity (AUC 0.79; 95%CI: 0.71-0.90). At multivariable logistic regression analysis, HU ≥ 7.3 (p ≤ 0.001) was independently associated with sepsis, after accounting for clinical and laboratory parameters. Measuring HU values of the fluid of the dilated collecting system may be useful to differentiate pyonephrosis from hydronephrosis and to predict septic complications in patients with obstructive uropathy.
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Xun Y, Chen M, Liang P, Tripathi P, Deng H, Zhou Z, Xie Q, Li C, Wang S, Li Z, Hu D, Kamel I. A Novel Clinical-Radiomics Model Pre-operatively Predicted the Stone-Free Rate of Flexible Ureteroscopy Strategy in Kidney Stone Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:576925. [PMID: 33178719 PMCID: PMC7593485 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.576925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the study is to develop and validate a novel clinical–radiomics nomogram model for pre-operatively predicting the stone-free rate of flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) in kidney stone patients. Patients and Methods: Altogether, 2,129 fURS cases with kidney stones were retrospectively analyzed, and 264 patients with a solitary kidney stone were included in a further study. For lower calyx calculi, a radiomics model was generated in a primary cohort of 99 patients who underwent non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography (NCCT). Radiomics feature selection and signature building were conducted by using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to build a model incorporating radiomics and potential clinical factors. Model performance was evaluated by its discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility. The model was internally validated in 43 patients. Results: The overall success rate of fURS was 72%, while the stone-free rate (SFR) for lower calyx calculi and non-lower calyx calculi was 56.3 and 90.16%, respectively. On multivariate logistic regression analysis of the primary cohort, independent predictors for SFR were radiomics signature, stone volume, operator experience, and hydronephrosis level, which were all selected into the nomogram. The area under the curve (AUC) of clinical–radiomics model was 0.949 and 0.947 in the primary and validation cohorts, respectively. Moreover, the calibration curve showed a satisfactory predictive accuracy, and the decision curve analysis indicated that the nomogram has superior clinical application value. Conclusion: In this novel clinical–radiomics model, the radiomics scores, stone volume, hydronephrosis level, and operator experience were crucial for the flexible ureteroscopy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xun
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingzhen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pratik Tripathi
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huchuan Deng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziling Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingguo Xie
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaogang Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Daoyu Hu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ihab Kamel
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Alić J, Lepara Z, Spahović H, Bajramović S, Heljić J. Against the Odds: Management of Ureteral Calculus in Patient With Crossed Fused Renal Ectopia. Cureus 2020; 12:e10895. [PMID: 33194464 PMCID: PMC7654557 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Crossed fused renal ectopia (CFRE) is a rare congenital abnormality of the urinary tract where the kidneys are fused on one side, while the ureter of the ectopic kidney crosses the midline with the normal entrance in the bladder on the contralateral side. Congenital anomalies are associated with a stone formation whose management represents a real challenge. To our knowledge, we report the second case of CFRE associated with ureteral stone, which has been successfully resolved with Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy (ESWL) and the first of its kind where a sufficient degree of stone disintegration has been achieved after a single session with a complete stone clearance during the follow-up. Radiological examination showed an inferior type of CFRE with stone in the proximal part of the ureter of the upper kidney. ESWL is an acceptable and effective treatment option in CFRE patients due to the minimally invasive approach, potentially high stone-free rate, and rare complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Alić
- Urology Clinic, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, BIH
| | - Zahid Lepara
- Urology Clinic, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, BIH
| | - Hajrudin Spahović
- Urology Clinic, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, BIH
| | - Senad Bajramović
- Urology Clinic, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, BIH
| | - Jasmina Heljić
- Pediatrics, General Hospital "Prim. Dr. Abdulah Nakaš", Sarajevo, BIH
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22
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P M, M JT, M G. CT Role in the Assessment of Existence of Breast Cancerous Cells. J Biomed Phys Eng 2020; 10:349-356. [PMID: 32637379 PMCID: PMC7321400 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Application of CT- scanning image information and radiation physical characteristics of the biomaterials are two measurable assays for presenting modified cells. OBJECTIVE This study presented that CT number (HU) and linear attenuation coefficient contain useful information which can be determined during usual CT scanning for the prediction of breast cancerous cells existence based on hemoglobin concentration. MATERIAL AND METHODS This experimental study used breast phantom containing major and minor vessels with diameters of 10 and 5 mm, respectively. The major vessels are filled by water, fat, hemoglobin (Hb) as a normal and 4× concentration of hemoglobin (4×Hb) as a cancerous breast cells, then scanned by single slice CT (GE, Hi Speed) 120 kVp, 100 mA for the determination of linear attenuation coefficient (μL ). RESULTS The CT numbers were for water (-7 to +7 HU), Hb (22±6 HU) and 4×Hb (80±4 HU). The difference between Hb and 4×Hb was significant (p <0.000). Minimum μL was 0.1190±0.00680 cm-1 for fat and maximum was 0.1449±0.00794 cm-1 for 4×Hb. CONCLUSION The study of CT number and linear attenuation coefficient of different concentration of Hb provides a possibility for early predicting of breast cancerous cells existence (4×Hb).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehnati P
- PhD, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafari Tirtash M
- MSc Student, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ghavami M
- MD, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Cannella R, Shahait M, Furlan A, Zhang F, Bigley JD, Averch TD, Borhani AA. Efficacy of single-source rapid kV-switching dual-energy CT for characterization of non-uric acid renal stones: a prospective ex vivo study using anthropomorphic phantom. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2020; 45:1092-1099. [PMID: 31385007 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-02164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the accuracy of rapid kV-switching single-source dual-energy computed tomography (rsDECT) for prediction of classes of non-uric-acid stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS Non-uric-acid renal stones retrieved via percutaneous nephrolithotomy were prospectively collected between January 2017 and February 2018 in a single institution. Only stones ≥ 5 mm and with pure composition (i.e., ≥ 80% composed of one component) were included. Stone composition was determined using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The stones were scanned in 32-cm-wide anthropomorphic whole-body phantom using rsDECT. The effective atomic number (Zeff), the attenuation at 40 keV (HU40), 70 keV (HU70), and 140 keV (HU140) virtual monochromatic sets of images as well as the ratios between the attenuations were calculated. Values of stone classes were compared using ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U test. Receiver operating curves and area under curve (AUC) were calculated. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The final study sample included 31 stones from 31 patients consisting of 25 (81%) calcium-based, 4 (13%) cystine, and 2 (6%) struvite pure stones. The mean size of the stones was 9.9 ± 2.4 mm. The mean Zeff of the stones was 12.01 ± 0.54 for calcium-based, 11.10 ± 0.68 for struvite, and 10.23 ± 0.75 for cystine stones (p < 0.001). Zeff had the best efficacy to separate different classes of stones. The calculated AUC was 0.947 for Zeff; 0.833 for HU40; 0.880 for HU70; and 0.893 for HU140. CONCLUSION Zeff derived from rsDECT has superior performance to HU and attenuation ratios for separation of different classes of non-uric-acid stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cannella
- Division of Abdominal Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Presbyterian, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Section of Radiology - BiND, University Hospital "Paolo Giaccone", Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mohammed Shahait
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alessandro Furlan
- Division of Abdominal Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Presbyterian, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, St. Joseph's Medical Center, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Joel D Bigley
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Timothy D Averch
- Department of Radiology, Palmetto Health-Health-University of South Carolina Medical Group, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Amir A Borhani
- Division of Abdominal Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Presbyterian, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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Alrehily F, Hogg P, Twiste M, Johansen S, Tootell A. Development and validation of a bespoke phantom to test accuracy of Cobb angle measurements. Radiography (Lond) 2020; 26:e78-87. [PMID: 32052769 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a spinal deformity that causes the spine to bend laterally. Patients with AIS undergo frequent X-ray examinations to monitor the progression of the disorder by through the measurement of the Cobb angle. Frequent exposure of adolescents poses the risk of radiation-induced cancer. The aim of this research was to design and build a bespoke phantom representing a 10-year-old child with AIS to allow optimisation of imaging protocols for AIS assessment through the accuracy of Cobb angle measurements. METHODS Poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and plaster of Paris (PoP) were used to represent human soft tissue and bone tissue, respectively, to construct a phantom exhibiting a 15° lateral curve of the spine. The phantom was validated by comparing the Hounsfield unit (HU) of its vertebrae with that of human and sheep. Additionally, comparisons of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to those from a commercially available phantom. An assessment of the accuracy of the radiographic assessment of the Cobb angle measurement was performed. RESULTS The HU of the PoP vertebrae was 628 (SD = 56), human vertebrae was 598 (SD = 79) and sheep vertebra was 605 (SD = 83). The SNR values of the two phantoms correlated strongly (r = 0.93 (p = 0.00)). The measured scoliosis angle was 14°. CONCLUSION The phantom has physical characteristics (in terms of spinal deformity) and radiological characteristics (in terms of HU and SNR values) of the spine of a 10-year-old child with AIS. This phantom has utility for the optimisation of x-ray imaging techniques in 10 year old children. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE A phantom to investigate new x-ray imaging techniques and technology in the assessment of scoliosis and to optimise currently used protocols.
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Yamashita S, Iwahashi Y, Deguchi R, Kikkawa K, Kohjimoto Y, Hara I. Three-dimensional mean stone density on non-contrast computed tomography can predict ureteroscopic lithotripsy outcome in ureteral stone cases. Urolithiasis 2020; 48:547-52. [PMID: 31993690 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-020-01178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The association between mean stone density (MSD) and ureteroscopic lithotripsy outcome remains controversial. MSD automatically measured by 3D images of stones (3D-MSD) was recently reported to be more useful than manual measuring methods for predicting outcomes of shock-wave lithotripsy. This study aims to investigate whether 3D-MSD can predict ureteroscopic lithotripsy outcome. We retrospectively identified 218 patients who underwent ureteroscopic lithotripsy for kidney stones (n = 135) and ureteral stones (n = 83) between February 2011 and April 2017 with pretreatment non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) at our hospital. Stone volume and 3D-MSD were automatically measured using high functional viewer. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors contributing to treatment failure. Treatment failure was determined as residual fragments ≥ 4 mm using NCCT within 3 months after operation. Treatment failure rate was 20.1% (44/218 cases). Patients in treatment failure group had higher percentage of kidney stones (< 0.01) and multiple stones (p < 0.01), larger stone volume (p < 0.01) and higher 3D-MSD (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that stone location (p < 0.01), stone number (p < 0.01), stone volume (p = 0.02) and 3D-MSD (p = 0.02) independently predicted the outcome. Categorized by stone location, 3D-MSD was the only significant independent predictor in cases of ureteral stones (p < 0.01), but was not significant in cases of kidney stones. 3D-MSD is useful for predicting ureteroscopic lithotripsy outcome in cases of ureteral stones.
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Çabuk H, İmren Y, Dedeoğlu SS, Kır MÇ, Gürbüz S, Gürbüz H. The epiphyseal scar joint line distance and age are important factors in determining the optimal screw length for medial malleoli fractures. Injury 2019; 50:1000-1003. [PMID: 30878257 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM The screw length is important to achieve a stable fixation for medial malleoli fractures. We aimed to evaluate the optimal screw length for different age groups in surgically treated medial malleoli fractures. The second aim was to identify the utility of the distance of epiphyseal scar to joint line or joint line to medullary space for assessment of screw length. MATERIAL METHOD 368 X-rays and computed tomography (CT) images of ankle joints were retrospectively evaluated for optimal screw length, epiphyseal scar to joint line distance, joint to medullary space distance. The mean screw length for each decade was calculated. The correlations of screw length with age, screw length with distance of epiphyseal scar to joint line, and screw length with distance of joint line to medullary space were evaluated. RESULTS The optimal screw length was obviously decreased in patients in 61-70 and >70 years old group (p = 0.002). As the distance of epiphyseal scar from joint line was increased, the optimal length of screw was also increased (p = 0.001). The distance of epiphyseal scar from joint line was decreased by age (p = 0.011). CONCLUSION The optimal screw length was decreased by age and the epiphyseal scar to joint line distance could be a clue for optimal screw length in medial malleoli fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Çabuk
- Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Y İmren
- Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - S S Dedeoğlu
- Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - M Ç Kır
- Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - S Gürbüz
- Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - H Gürbüz
- Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, İstanbul, Turkey
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Polat H, Danaei Mehr H. Classification of Pulmonary CT Images by Using Hybrid 3D-Deep Convolutional Neural Network Architecture. Applied Sciences 2019; 9:940. [DOI: 10.3390/app9050940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Hence, the survival rate of patients can be increased by early diagnosis. Recently, machine learning methods on Computed Tomography (CT) images have been used in the diagnosis of lung cancer to accelerate the diagnosis process and assist physicians. However, in conventional machine learning techniques, using handcrafted feature extraction methods on CT images are complicated processes. Hence, deep learning as an effective area of machine learning methods by using automatic feature extraction methods could minimize the process of feature extraction. In this study, two Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based models were proposed as deep learning methods to diagnose lung cancer on lung CT images. To investigate the performance of the two proposed models (Straight 3D-CNN with conventional softmax and hybrid 3D-CNN with Radial Basis Function (RBF)-based SVM), the altered models of two-well known CNN architectures (3D-AlexNet and 3D-GoogleNet) were considered. Experimental results showed that the performance of the two proposed models surpassed 3D-AlexNet and 3D-GoogleNet. Furthermore, the proposed hybrid 3D-CNN with SVM achieved more satisfying results (91.81%, 88.53% and 91.91% for accuracy rate, sensitivity and precision respectively) compared to straight 3D-CNN with softmax in the diagnosis of lung cancer.
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Rompsaithong U, Jongjitaree K, Korpraphong P, Woranisarakul V, Taweemonkongsap T, Nualyong C, Chotikawanich E. Characterization of renal stone composition by using fast kilovoltage switching dual-energy computed tomography compared to laboratory stone analysis: a pilot study. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2019; 44:1027-32. [PMID: 30259102 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-018-1787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To prospectively examine the diagnostic performance of fast kilovoltage switching dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in characterization of in vivo renal stone composition compared with postoperative stone analysis. METHODS Consecutive consenting patients scheduled for endoscopic kidney stone surgery in a tertiary referral hospital from June 2015 to January 2016 were enrolled. Patients were preoperatively scanned with single-source, fast kilovoltage switching DECT. Stone compositions were determined regarding the effective atomic number measurements. Results of the stone compositions from DECT were compared to postoperative infrared spectroscopy stone analysis as the standard reference. RESULTS For the 39 patients enrolled in the study, DECT was able to detect uric acid stone with sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 100%. There was 100% positive predictive value, 96.8% negative predictive value, and 97.4% accuracy. For non-contrast CT scan, sensitivity was 88.9%, specificity was 96.7%, positive predictive value was 88.9%, negative predictive value was 96.7%, and accuracy was 94.8%. Of the 39 samples examined, 21 (54%) were single composition, whereas 18 (46%) were combined. Single composition stones were correctly characterized by DECT in 100% (8/8) for uric acid. Whereas the result of uric acid stone containing stone discrimination in mixed composition was not so good with Zeff alone, iodine imaging can compensated this fault. CONCLUSIONS DECT provides excellent accuracy in characterizing uric acid stone compositions. With the addition of iodine image, all of uric acid-containing stones can be determined by the DECT.
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Sabler IM, Katafigiotis I, Gofrit ON, Duvdevani M. Present indications and techniques of percutaneous nephrolithotomy: What the future holds? Asian J Urol 2018; 5:287-294. [PMID: 30364501 PMCID: PMC6197369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the review was to present the latest updates on percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) procedure in terms of indications and evolving techniques, and to identify the advantages and disadvantages of each modality. The data for this review were collected after a thorough PubMed search in core clinical journals in English language. The key words included “PCNL” and “PNL” in combination with “indications”, “techniques”, “review” and “miniaturized PCNL”. Publications relevant to the subject were retrieved and critically reviewed. Current European and American Urology Association Nephrolithiasis Guidelines were included as well. The indications for standard PCNL have been changed through the past decade. Despite evolution of the procedure, innovations and the development of new technical approaches, the indications for miniaturized PCNL have not been standardized yet. There is a need for well-constructed randomized trials to explore the indications, complications and results for each evolving approach. A continuous reduction of tract size is not the only revolution of the last years. There is constant ongoing interest in developing new efficient miniature instruments, intracorporeal lithotripters and sophisticated tract creation methods. We can summarize that, PCNL represents a valuable well-known tool in the field of endourology. We should be open minded to future changes in surgical approaches and technological improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay M Sabler
- Department of Urology, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ioannis Katafigiotis
- Department of Urology, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer N Gofrit
- Department of Urology, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mordechai Duvdevani
- Department of Urology, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Lee JH, Kim TH, Lee S, Han K, Byun MK, Chang YS, Kim HJ, Lee GD, Park CH. High versus low attenuation thresholds to determine the solid component of ground-glass opacity nodules. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205490. [PMID: 30335856 PMCID: PMC6193644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy of high versus low attenuation thresholds for determining the solid component of ground-glass opacity nodules (GGNs) for the differential diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) from minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and invasive adenocarcinoma (IA). Methods Eighty-six pathologically confirmed GGNs < 3 cm observed in 86 patients (27 male, 59 female; mean age, 59.3 ± 11.0 years) between January 2013 and December 2015 were retrospectively included. The solid component of each GGN was defined using two different attenuation thresholds: high (-160 Hounsfield units [HU]) and low (-400 HU). According to the presence or absence of solid portions, each GGN was categorized as a pure GGN or part-solid GGN. Solid components were regarded as indicators of invasive foci, suggesting MIA or IA. Results Among the 86 GGNs, there were 57 cases of IA, 19 of MIA, and 10 of AIS. Using the high attenuation threshold, 44 were categorized as pure GGNs and 42 as part-solid GGNs. Using the low attenuation threshold, 13 were categorized as pure GGNs and 73 as part-solid GGNs. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy for the invasive focus were 55.2%, 100%, 100%, 22.7%, and 60.4%, respectively, for the high attenuation threshold, and 93.4%, 80%, 97.2%, 61.5%, and 91.8%, respectively, for the low attenuation threshold. Conclusion The low attenuation threshold was better than the conventional high attenuation threshold for determining the solid components of GGNs, which indicate invasive foci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ho Lee
- Department of Radiology and the Research Institute of Radiological Science, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University college of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Radiology and the Research Institute of Radiological Science, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University college of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsoo Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University college of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwa Han
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kwang Byun
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Soo Chang
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jung Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Dong Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University college of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (GDL); (CHP)
| | - Chul Hwan Park
- Department of Radiology and the Research Institute of Radiological Science, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University college of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (GDL); (CHP)
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Cahalane RM, Barrett HE, O'Brien JM, Kavanagh EG, Moloney MA, Walsh MT. Relating the mechanical properties of atherosclerotic calcification to radiographic density: A nanoindentation approach. Acta Biomater 2018; 80:228-236. [PMID: 30218776 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Calcification morphology can determine atherosclerotic plaque stability and is associated with increased failures rates for endovascular interventions. Computational efforts have sought to elucidate the relationship between calcification and plaque rupture in addition to predicting tissue response during aggressive revascularisation techniques. However, calcified material properties are currently estimated and may not reflect real tissue conditions. The objective of this study is to correlate calcification mechanical properties with three radiographic density groups obtained from corresponding Computed Tomography (CT) images. Seventeen human plaques extracted from carotid (n = 10) and peripheral lower limb (n = 7) arteries were examined using micro-computed tomography (µCT), simultaneously locating the calcified deposits within their internal structure and quantifying their densities. Three radiographic density groups were defined based on the sample density distribution: (A) 130-299.99 Hounsfield Units (HU), (B) 300-449.99 HU and (C) >450 HU. Nanoindentation was employed to determine the Elastic Modulus (E) and Hardness (H) values within the three density groups. Results reveal a clear distinction between mechanical properties with respect to radiographic density groups (p < 0.0005). No significant differences exist in the density-specific behaviours observed between carotid and peripheral samples. Previously defined calcification classifications indicate an association with specific radiographic density patterns. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) examination revealed that density group A regions consist of both calcified and non-calcified tissues. Further research is required to define the radiographic thresholds which identify varying degrees of tissue calcification. This study demonstrates that the mechanical properties of fully mineralised atherosclerotic calcification emulate that of bone tissues (17-25 GPa), affording computational models with accurate material parameters. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Global mechanical characterisation techniques disregard the heterogeneous nature of atherosclerotic lesions. Previous nanoindentation results for carotid calcifications have displayed a wide range. This study evaluates calcification properties with respect to radiographic density obtained from Micro-CT images. This is the first work to characterise calcifications from peripheral lower limb arteries using nanoindentation. Results demonstrate a strong positive correlation between radiographic density and calcification mechanical properties. Characterising calcifications using their density values provides clarity on the variation in published properties for calcified tissues. Furthermore, this study confirms the hypothesis that fully calcified plaque tissue behaviour similar to that of bone. Appropriate material parameters for calcified tissues can now be employed in computational simulations.
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Aminsharifi A, Irani D, Amirzargar H. Shock Wave Lithotripsy is More Effective for Residual Fragments after Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy than for Primary Stones of the Same Size: A Matched Pair Cohort Study. Curr Urol 2018; 12:27-32. [PMID: 30374277 DOI: 10.1159/000447227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To compare the outcome of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) on post-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) residual fragments (RFs) versus primary stones of the same size through a matched pair study. Methods Patients with a single 5-15 mm fragment 3 months after PCNL were enrolled (study group n = 59). The control group (n = 67) consisted of all adult patients with a single 5-15 mm renal stone. Results The success rate of SWL was significantly higher in the study group (81.4 vs. 59.7%; p = 0.008; OR: 2.95). With a cutoff point of Hounsfield units (HU) 750: the success rate was significantly lower in patients with a stone HU ≥ 750 (OR: 3.488). This HU cutoff value had no effect on the outcome of SWL in patients with post-PCNL RF (p = 0.14). On the other hand, the outcome of SWL was significantly more favorable in control group when HU < 750 (p = 0.02). Conclusion The success rate of SWL was 2.95-fold higher for post-PCNL RFs than in a stone burden-matched control group. The likelihood of stone clearance after SWL was 3.488-fold greater when HU was less than 750. This effect of HU was more prominent in patients receiving SWL for their primary stones while SWL was evenly effective on post PCNL RFs with different HUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Aminsharifi
- Department of Urology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Duke University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Urologic Surgery, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dariush Irani
- Department of Urology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Amirzargar
- Department of Urology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Lee JS, Cho KS, Lee SH, Yoon YE, Kang DH, Jeong WS, Jung HD, Kwon JK, Lee JY. Stone heterogeneity index on single-energy noncontrast computed tomography can be a positive predictor of urinary stone composition. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193945. [PMID: 29649219 PMCID: PMC5896902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between stone composition and single-energy noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) parameters, including stone heterogeneity index (SHI) and mean stone density (MSD), in patients with urinary calculi. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 255 patients who underwent operations or procedures for urinary stones or had spontaneous stone passage between December 2014 and October 2015. Among these, 214 patients with urinary calculi who underwent NCCT and stone composition analyses were included in the study. Maximal stone length (MSL), mean stone density (MSD), and stone heterogeneity index (SHI) were determined on pretreatment NCCT. The mean MSD (454.68±177.80 HU) and SHI (115.82±96.31 HU) of uric acid stones were lower than those of all other types. Based on post hoc tests, MSD was lower for uric acid stones than for the other types (vs. CaOx: P<0.001; vs. infection stones: P<0.001). SHI was lower for uric acid stones than for the other types (vs. CaOx: P<0.001; vs. infection stones: P<0.001) Receiver operating characteristic curves of uric acid stones for MSD and SHI demonstrated that SHI (cut-off value: 140.4 HU) was superior to MSD (cut-off value: 572.3 HU) in predicting uric acid stones (P<0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Soo Lee
- Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang Su Cho
- Department of Urology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Lee
- Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Eun Yoon
- Department of Urology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hyuk Kang
- Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Won Sik Jeong
- Department of Urology, Kwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hae Do Jung
- Department of Urology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jong Kyou Kwon
- Department of Urology, Severance Check-Up, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Yong Lee
- Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Monticelli P, Fitzgerald E, Viscasillas J. A sonographic investigation for the development of ultrasound-guided paravertebral brachial plexus block in dogs: cadaveric study. Vet Anaesth Analg 2018; 45:195-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Falahatkar S, Mokhtari G, Amin A, Kazemnezhad E, Esmaeili S, Herfeh NR, Falahatkar R. Comparison of the outcomes of complete supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with radiopaque and radiolucent kidney stones. Turk J Urol 2017; 43:490-496. [PMID: 29201513 DOI: 10.5152/tud.2017.14477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study compared the stone opacity effect in patients who had radiopaque and radiolucent stones in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) results. Material and methods The medical records of 171 complete supine PCNL procedures were gathered. Patients were categorized into two groups: those with radiopaque (n=141) and those with radiolucent (n=30) stones. Kidney, ureter and bladder x-ray was done a day after PCNL and Ultrasound imaging was done two weeks later to evaluate the stone free rate. A stone free result was defined as having less than 4 mm residual stone size. Outcome parameters were compared by univariate analysis and those which were significantly different between the two groups were assessed by multivariate binary logistic regression analysis. Results There were no significant differences in age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, pre-surgery hemoglobin, pre-surgery serum creatinine, stone and also surgery-related parameters between the two groups. Stone free rate, surgery time, complication-related parameters, hemoglobin drop, serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) changes were similar in both groups based on univariate analysis. The radiopaque group had higher post-surgery GFR (p=0.04) and longer hospital stay (p=0.009). However, opacity had no effect on these outcomes after multivariate analysis. Higher post-surgery GFR was seen in patient with higher GFR before surgery (p<0.0001). Also, higher hemoglobin before surgery was correlated with less hospital stay (p=0.001). Conclusion The complete supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy outcomes are similar in patients with radiopaque and radiolucent stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Falahatkar
- Urology Research Center, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Mokhtari
- Urology Research Center, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Atiyeh Amin
- Urology Research Center, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ehsan Kazemnezhad
- Urology Research Center, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Samaneh Esmaeili
- Urology Research Center, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nadia Rastjou Herfeh
- Urology Research Center, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Reza Falahatkar
- Urology Research Center, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Janssen KM, Brand TC, Bailey MR, Cunitz BW, Harper JD, Sorensen MD, Dunmire B. Effect of Stone Size and Composition on Ultrasonic Propulsion Ex Vivo. Urology 2017; 111:225-229. [PMID: 28964820 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate in more detail the effectiveness of a new designed more efficient ultrasonic propulsion for large stones and specific stone compositions in a tissue phantom model. In the first clinical trial of noninvasive ultrasonic propulsion, urinary stones of unknown compositions and sizes up to 10 mm were successfully repositioned. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 8- to 12-mm stones of 4 different primary compositions (calcium oxalate monohydrate, ammonium acid urate, calcium phosphate, and struvite) and a renal calyx phantom consisting of a 12 mm × 30 mm well in a 10-cm block of tissue-mimicking material. Primary outcome was the number of times a stone was expelled over 10 attempts, with ultrasonic propulsion burst duration varying from 0.5 seconds to 5 seconds. RESULTS Overall success rate at expelling stones was 95%. All calcium oxalate monohydrate and ammonium acid urate stones were expelled 100% of the time. The largest stone (12 mm) became lodged within the 12-mm phantom calyx 25% of the time regardless of the burst duration. With the 0.5-second burst, there was insufficient energy to expel the heaviest stone (0.88 g), but there was sufficient energy at the longer burst durations. CONCLUSION With a single burst, ultrasonic propulsion successfully moved most stones at least 3 cm and, regardless of size or composition, expelled them from the calyx. Ultrasonic propulsion is limited to the stones smaller than the calyceal space, and for each burst duration, related to maximum stone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael R Bailey
- Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Bryan W Cunitz
- Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jonathan D Harper
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Mathew D Sorensen
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Division of Urology, Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Barbrina Dunmire
- Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Waqas M, Ayaz Khan M, Waqas Iqbal M, Akbar MK, Saqib IUD, Akhter S. Non-Contrast Computed Tomography Scan Based Parameters of Ureteric Stones Affecting the Outcome of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy. Cureus 2017; 9:e1227. [PMID: 28589076 PMCID: PMC5459557 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) scan-based parameters of ureteric stones affecting the outcome of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Materials and methods We retrospectively evaluated the pre-procedure NCCT of 74 patients who had ESWL for solitary ureteric calculi of 5-20 mm in diameter. We assessed the age, sex, basal metabolic index (BMI), laterality, location, presence of double 'J' (DJ) stent, skin to stone distance (SSD), stone maximum diameter, Hounsfield unit (HU), Hounsfield density (HD), area, and volume. All those who had no stone on follow-up imaging within 30 days were declared successful while those who had residual stone were declared failures. Results The overall success rate was 78% (58/74). Sixty (81.1%) patients were male. The success of ESWL was correlated with lower SSD, Hounsfield units (HU) and Hounsfield density (HD). However, in multivariate analysis, SSD, Hounsfield unit, and stone area showed correlation with success of procedure but Hounsfield density failed to show correlation. The success rate in patients with stone HU <500, 500-1000 and >1000 were 93.9%, 69%, and 58.3%, respectively. Patients with lower BMI (<30 kg/m2) and HD (<76 HU/mm) were more prone towards success of the procedure than those with higher BMI (>30 kg/m2) and higher HD (>76 HU/mm). Conclusion BMI, SSD, stone Hounsfield units and Hounsfield unit density were strong predictors of outcome of ESWL for ureteric stone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Urology, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ayaz Khan
- Department of Urology, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Mian Khalid Akbar
- Department of Urology, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Imad-Ud-Din Saqib
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Akhter
- Department of Urology, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Ofude M, Shima T, Yotsuyanagi S, Ikeda D. Stone Attenuation Values Measured by Average Hounsfield Units and Stone Volume as Predictors of Total Laser Energy Required During Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy Using Holmium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Lasers. Urology 2017; 102:48-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2016.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chen WC, Chen HY, Liao PC, Wang SJ, Tsai MY, Chen YH, Lin WY. Toward a new insight of calcium oxalate stones in Drosophila by micro-computerized tomography. Urolithiasis 2017; 46:149-155. [DOI: 10.1007/s00240-017-0967-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Radfar MH, Basiri A, Nouralizadeh A, Shemshaki H, Sarhangnejad R, Kashi AH, Narouie B, Soltani AM, Nasiri M, Sotoudeh M. Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Ultrasonic Versus Pneumatic Lithotripsy in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Eur Urol Focus 2017; 3:82-88. [PMID: 28720372 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Percutaneous nephrolitotomy (PCNL) is the preferred treatment for large renal stones. There is a need for more comparative data for different lithotripters used in PCNL. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the comparative safety and efficacy of ultrasonic and pneumatic lithotripsy in patients undergoing PCNL. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This randomized clinical trial was conducted at Labbafinejad University Hospital, Tehran, Iran. A total of 180 patients were selected and divided randomly into two groups: 88 patients to pneumatic and 92 to ultrasonic lithotripsy. INTERVENTION Standard fluoroscopy-guided PCNL was performed using pneumatic or ultrasonic lithotripsy. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The primary outcome was the procedure success rate. We also evaluated other outcome measures including operation time, stone fragmentation and removal time (SFRT), length of hospital stay, and postoperative complications. We used SPSS software version 18.0 for data analysis. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS The two groups were similar in baseline characteristics. There were no significant differences between the groups in stone fragmentation and removal time (p=0.63), stone free rate (p=0.44), and hospital stay (p=0.66). SFRT for hard stones was shorter using pneumatic lithotripsy (p<0.001). By contrast, ultrasonic lithotripsy was associated with a shorter SFRT for soft stones (p<0.001). Postoperative complications were similar in the two groups. A limitation of this study might be the 3-mo follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS In general, there were no significant differences in the success rate and complications between pneumatic and ultrasonic lithotripsy. SFRT was significantly shorter using pneumatic lithotripsy for hard stones, and ultrasonic lithotripsy for soft stones. PATIENT SUMMARY We found no significant differences in the success rate and complications of percutaneous nephrolitotomy using pneumatic and ultrasonic lithotripsy. Ultrasonic and pneumatic lithotripsy differed in the time for stone fragmentation and removal for hard and soft stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hadi Radfar
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Basiri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Nouralizadeh
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Shemshaki
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Sarhangnejad
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Kashi
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Narouie
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Mohammad Soltani
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoudreza Nasiri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sotoudeh
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Gooran S, Rohani Z, Akhgar S, Rajabnia Chenari M, Rezghi Maleki E, Narouie B. How spiral computed tomography can be helpful in the evaluation of urinary stones composition? J Renal Inj Prev 2017. [DOI: 10.15171/jrip.2017.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Arrabal-Polo MA, Cano-Garcia MDC, Huerta-Brunel JE, Hidalgo-Agullo G, Roletto-Salmo L, Arrabal-Martín M. Usefulness of measuring renal papillae in Hounsfield units in stone - forming patients. Int Braz J Urol 2016; 42:973-976. [PMID: 27622277 PMCID: PMC5066894 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2015.0686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this work is to study the density of the renal papillae in stone-forming patients and to determine its usefulness. Materials and Methods: This study included a total of 79 patients diagnosed with renal stones and on whom a computed tomography without contrast was performed from June 2014 to May 2015. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (single episode) included 43 patients, and Group 2 (recurrent episodes) included 36 patients. The density of six renal papillae (3 per kidney) was measured, and the means obtained were compared between Groups 1 and 2. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0. Results: The mean papillary density in Group 1 was 32.26 (SD 4.07) HU compared to 42.36 (SD 8.03) HU in Group 2 (P=00001). A ROC curve was constructed, obtaining an optimal cut-off point of 36.8HU [area under the curve, 0.881 (95% CI; 0.804-0.958); P=0001], with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 90%. The relative risk was estimated at 40.3 (95% CI; 10.8-151.1), meaning that a patient with a mean papillary density greater than 36.8HU would have a 40 times greater risk of having recurrent renal stones. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 81% and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 90%. Conclusion: The measurement of renal papillary density could be useful in predicting recurrent stone-formers. These results need to be confirmed in future studies with a greater number of patients and a longer follow-up.
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Yuruk E, Tuken M, Sulejman S, Colakerol A, Serefoglu EC, Sarica K, Muslumanoglu AY. Computerized tomography attenuation values can be used to differentiate hydronephrosis from pyonephrosis. World J Urol 2016; 35:437-442. [PMID: 27369294 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-016-1888-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the diagnostic value of computerized tomography (CT) in differentiating pyonephrosis from hydronephrosis on the basis of attenuation values (Hounsfield unit-HU). METHODS Data of the patients with grades 1-3 hydronephrosis on abdominopelvic CT, who underwent nephrostomy tube placement for decompression of the collecting system, were retrospectively analyzed. Patient demographics and CT findings were recorded along with the first access urine culture results. Three physicians calculated the surface areas and the attenuation values of the dilated collecting systems using the system software. Mean HU of pyonephrosis and hydronephrosis cases was compared. RESULTS A total of 105 patients with the mean age of 47.7 ± 15.5 (range 20-80) were included. The interclass correlation coefficient of three physicians was 0.981 for HU measurement and 0.999 for calculation of collecting system surface area. Of the patients, 47 (44.8 %) had pyonephrosis. Mean surface areas of the collecting system were similar in patients with pyonephrosis and hydronephrosis (1481.13 ± 1562.94 vs. 1612.94 ± 2261.4 mm2, p = 0.735). Urine cultures were positive in all patients with pyonephrosis, whereas 12.7 % of hydronephrosis cases had bacterial in first access urine culture. The HU of the patients with pyonephrosis was significantly higher that that of patients with hydronephrosis (13.51 ± 13.29 vs. 4.67 ± 5.37, p = 0.0001). Having a HU of 9.21 or over diagnosed pyonephrosis accurately with 65.96 % sensitivity and 87.93 % specificity. CONCLUSION Measuring attenuation values of the collecting system may be useful to differentiate pyonephrosis from hydronephrosis. Diagnosing pyonephrosis accurately may avoid septic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Yuruk
- Department of Urology, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Murat Tuken
- Department of Urology, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suhejb Sulejman
- Department of Urology, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aykut Colakerol
- Department of Urology, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ege Can Serefoglu
- Department of Urology, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kemal Sarica
- Department of Urology, Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Lee JY, Kim JH, Kang DH, Chung DY, Lee DH, Do Jung H, Kwon JK, Cho KS. Stone heterogeneity index as the standard deviation of Hounsfield units: A novel predictor for shock-wave lithotripsy outcomes in ureter calculi. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23988. [PMID: 27035621 DOI: 10.1038/srep23988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether stone heterogeneity index (SHI), which a proxy of such variations, was defined as the standard deviation of a Hounsfield unit (HU) on non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT), can be a novel predictor for shock-wave lithotripsy (SWL) outcomes in patients with ureteral stones. Medical records were obtained from the consecutive database of 1,519 patients who underwent the first session of SWL for urinary stones between 2005 and 2013. Ultimately, 604 patients with radiopaque ureteral stones were eligible for this study. Stone related variables including stone size, mean stone density (MSD), skin-to-stone distance, and SHI were obtained on NCCT. Patients were classified into the low and high SHI groups using mean SHI and compared. One-session success rate in the high SHI group was better than in the low SHI group (74.3% vs. 63.9%, P = 0.008). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that smaller stone size (OR 0.889, 95% CI: 0.841–0.937, P < 0.001), lower MSD (OR 0.995, 95% CI: 0.994–0.996, P < 0.001), and higher SHI (OR 1.011, 95% CI: 1.008–1.014, P < 0.001) were independent predictors of one-session success. The radiologic heterogeneity of urinary stones or SHI was an independent predictor for SWL success in patients with ureteral calculi and a useful clinical parameter for stone fragility.
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Bulakçı M, Tefik T, Akbulut F, Örmeci MT, Beşe C, Şanlı Ö, Oktar T, Salmaslıoğlu A. The use of non-contrast computed tomography and color Doppler ultrasound in the characterization of urinary stones - preliminary results. Turk J Urol 2015; 41:165-70. [PMID: 26623143 DOI: 10.5152/tud.2015.91297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of density value in computed tomography (CT) and twinkling artifact observed in color Doppler analysis for the prediction of the mineral composition of urinary stones. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 42 patients who were operated via percutaneous or endoscopic means and had undergone abdominal non-contrast CT and color Doppler ultrasonography examinations were included in the study. X-ray diffraction method was utilized to analyze a total of 86 stones, and the correlations between calculated density values and twinkling intensities with stone types were investigated for each stone. RESULTS Analyses of extracted stones revealed the presence of 40 calcium oxalate monohydrate, 12 calcium oxalate dihydrate, 9 uric acid, 11 calcium phosphate, and 14 cystine stones. The density values were calculated as 1499±269 Hounsfield Units (HU) for calcium oxalate monohydrate, 1505±221 HU for calcium oxalate dihydrate, 348±67 HU for uric acid, 1106±219 HU for calcium phosphate, and 563±115 HU for cystine stones. The artifact intensities were determined as grade 0 in 15, grade 1 in 32, grade 2 in 24, and grade 3 in 15 stones. CONCLUSION In case the density value of the stone is measured below 780 HU and grade 3 artifact intensity is determined, it can be inferred that the mineral composition of the stone tends to be cystine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Bulakçı
- Department of Radiology, İstanbul University İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tzevat Tefik
- Department of Urology, İstanbul University İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Akbulut
- Department of Urology, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tolgahan Örmeci
- Department of Radiology, İstanbul University İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Caner Beşe
- Department of Urology, İstanbul University İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Öner Şanlı
- Department of Urology, İstanbul University İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Oktar
- Department of Urology, İstanbul University İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Artür Salmaslıoğlu
- Department of Radiology, İstanbul University İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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Abstract
Left lower quadrant pain is a frequent indication for imaging in the emergency department. Most causes of pain originate from the colon, including diverticulitis, colitis, fecal impaction, and epiploic appendagitis. Left-sided urolithiasis and spontaneous hemorrhage in the retroperitoneum or rectus sheath are additional causes of pain. Computed tomography is the preferred imaging modality in the emergent setting for all of these pathologic conditions. Gynecologic, testicular, and neoplastic pathology may also cause left lower quadrant pain but are not discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Bodmer
- Department of Radiology, Advocate Good Samaritan Hospital, 3815 Highland Avenue, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.
| | - Kiran H Thakrar
- Department of Radiology, Evanston NorthShore University, 2650 Ridge Avenue, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
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Abstract
Urolithiasis is a common disease with increasing prevalence worldwide and a lifetime-estimated recurrence risk of over 50%. Imaging plays a critical role in the initial diagnosis, follow-up and urological management of urinary tract stone disease. Unenhanced helical computed tomography (CT) is highly sensitive (>95%) and specific (>96%) in the diagnosis of urolithiasis and is the imaging investigation of choice for the initial assessment of patients with suspected urolithiasis. The emergence of multi-detector CT (MDCT) and technological innovations in CT such as dual-energy CT (DECT) has widened the scope of MDCT in the stone disease management from initial diagnosis to encompass treatment planning and monitoring of treatment success. DECT has been shown to enhance pre-treatment characterization of stone composition in comparison with conventional MDCT and is being increasingly used. Although CT-related radiation dose exposure remains a valid concern, the use of low-dose MDCT protocols and integration of newer iterative reconstruction algorithms into routine CT practice has resulted in a substantial decrease in ionizing radiation exposure. In this review article, our intent is to discuss the role of MDCT in the diagnosis and post-treatment evaluation of urolithiasis and review the impact of emerging CT technologies such as dual energy in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Andrabi
- Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manuel Patino
- Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chandan J Das
- Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Brian Eisner
- Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dushyant V Sahani
- Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Avinash Kambadakone
- Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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