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Subban K, Kempken F. Insights into Taxol® biosynthesis by endophytic fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6151-6162. [PMID: 37606790 PMCID: PMC10560151 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12713-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
There have been two hundred reports that endophytic fungi produce Taxol®, but its production yield is often rather low. Although considerable efforts have been made to increase Taxol/taxanes production in fungi by manipulating cocultures, mutagenesis, genome shuffles, and gene overexpression, little is known about the molecular signatures of Taxol biosynthesis and its regulation. It is known that some fungi have orthologs of the Taxol biosynthetic pathway, but the overall architecture of this pathway is unknown. A biosynthetic putative gene homology approach, combined with genomics and transcriptomics analysis, revealed that a few genes for metabolite residues may be located on dispensable chromosomes. This review explores a number of crucial topics (i) finding biosynthetic pathway genes using precursors, elicitors, and inhibitors; (ii) orthologs of the Taxol biosynthetic pathway for rate-limiting genes/enzymes; and (iii) genomics and transcriptomics can be used to accurately predict biosynthetic putative genes and regulators. This provides promising targets for future genetic engineering approaches to produce fungal Taxol and precursors. KEY POINTS: • A recent trend in predicting Taxol biosynthetic pathway from endophytic fungi. • Understanding the Taxol biosynthetic pathway and related enzymes in fungi. • The genetic evidence and formation of taxane from endophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalraj Subban
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Biology in Botany, Botanical Institute and Botanical Garden, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank Kempken
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Biology in Botany, Botanical Institute and Botanical Garden, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany.
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Abstract
A selection of the established and recently characterized alkaloids from the exploration of plant- and some marine-associated endophytic fungi is reviewed, with reference to alkaloids of biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geoffrey A Cordell
- Natural Products Inc., Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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Suresh G, Kokila D, Suresh TC, Kumaran S, Velmurugan P, Vedhanayakisri KA, Sivakumar S, Ravi AV. Mycosynthesis of anticancer drug taxol by Aspergillus oryzae, an endophyte of Tarenna asiatica, characterization, and its activity against a human lung cancer cell line. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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El-Bialy HA, El-Bastawisy HS. Elicitors stimulate paclitaxel production by endophytic fungi isolated from ecologically altered Taxus baccata. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16878507.2019.1702244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heba A. El-Bialy
- Radiation Microbiology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan S. El-Bastawisy
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Miao LY, Mo XC, Xi XY, Zhou L, De G, Ke YS, Liu P, Song FJ, Jin WW, Zhang P. Transcriptome analysis of a taxol-producing endophytic fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides MD2. AMB Express 2018; 8:41. [PMID: 29556854 PMCID: PMC5859003 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The shortage of molecular information for taxol-producing fungi has greatly impeded the understanding of fungal taxol biosynthesis mechanism. In this study, the transcriptome of one taxol-producing endophytic fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides MD2 was sequenced for the first time. About 1.77 Gbp clean reads were generated and further assembled into 16,603 unigenes with an average length of 1110 bp. All of the unigenes were annotated against seven public databases to present the transcriptome characteristics of C. cladosporioides MD2. A total of 12,479 unigenes could be annotated with at least one database, and 1593 unigenes could be annotated in all queried databases. In total, 8425 and 3350 unigenes were categorized into 57 GO functional groups and 262 KEGG pathways, respectively, exhibiting the dominant GO terms and metabolic pathways in the C. cladosporioides MD2 transcriptome. One potential and partial taxol biosynthetic pathway was speculated including 9 unigenes related to terpenoid backbone biosynthesis and 40 unigenes involved in the biosynthetic steps from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to 10-deacetylbaccatin III. These results provided valuable information for the molecular mechanism research of taxol biosynthesis in C. cladosporioides MD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yun Miao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission for Biological Technology, College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 China
- School of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Xin-Chun Mo
- School of Applied Technology, Lijiang Teacher College, Lijiang, 674100 China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Xi
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission for Biological Technology, College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Lan Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission for Biological Technology, College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Ge De
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission for Biological Technology, College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - You-Sheng Ke
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission for Biological Technology, College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Pan Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission for Biological Technology, College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Fa-Jun Song
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission for Biological Technology, College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Wen-Wen Jin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission for Biological Technology, College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 China
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Das A, Rahman MI, Ferdous AS, Amin A, Rahman MM, Nahar N, Uddin MA, Islam MR, Khan H. An endophytic Basidiomycete, Grammothele lineata, isolated from Corchorus olitorius, produces paclitaxel that shows cytotoxicity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178612. [PMID: 28636663 PMCID: PMC5479517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Grammothele lineata, an endophyte isolated in our laboratory from jute (Corchorus olitorius acc. 2015) was found to be a substantial paclitaxel producer. Taxol and its related compounds, produced by this endophyte were extracted by growing the fungus in simple nutrient media (potato dextrose broth, PDB). Taxol was identified and characterized by different analytical techniques (TLC, HPLC, FTIR, LC-ESI-MS/MS) following its extraction by ethyl acetate. In PDB media, this fungus was found to produce 382.2 μgL-1 of taxol which is about 7.6 x103 fold higher than the first reported endophytic fungi, Taxomyces andreanae. The extracted taxol exhibited cytotoxic activity in an in vitro culture of HeLa cancer cell line. The fungal extract also exhibited antifungal and antibacterial activities against different pathogenic strains. This is the first report of a jute endophytic fungus harboring the capacity to produce taxol and also the first reported taxol producing species that belongs to the Basidiomycota phylum, so far unknown to be a taxol producer. These findings suggest that the fungal endophyte, Grammothele lineata can be an excellent source of taxol and can also serve as a potential species for chemical and genetic engineering to enhance further the production of taxol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avizit Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ahlan Sabah Ferdous
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Al- Amin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Nilufar Nahar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Aftab Uddin
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Riazul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Haseena Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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