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Hong Y, Tan JY, Xue H, Chow ML, Ali M, Ng A, Leong A, Yeo J, Koh SM, Tang MSY, Lee YY, Choong AMF, Lee SML, Delli Ponti R, Chan PM, Lee D, Wong JY, Mutwil M, Fong YK. A Metagenomic Survey of Wood Decay Fungi in the Urban Trees of Singapore. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040460. [PMID: 37108914 PMCID: PMC10145048 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature tropical urban trees are susceptible to root and trunk rot caused by pathogenic fungi. A metagenomic survey of such fungi was carried out on 210 soil and tissue samples collected from 134 trees of 14 common species in Singapore. Furthermore, 121 fruiting bodies were collected and barcoded. Out of the 22,067 OTUs (operational taxonomic units) identified, 10,646 OTUs had annotation information, and most were either ascomycetes (63.4%) or basidiomycetes (22.5%). Based on their detection in the diseased tissues and surrounding soils and/or the presence of fruiting bodies, fourteen basidiomycetes (nine Polyporales, four Hymenochaetales, one Boletales) and three ascomycetes (three species of Scytalidium) were strongly associated with the diseased trees. Fulvifomes siamensis affected the largest number of tree species surveyed. The association of three fungi was further supported by in vitro wood decay studies. Genetic heterogeneity was common in the diseased tissues and fruiting bodies (Ganoderma species especially). This survey identified the common pathogenic fungi of tropical urban trees and laid the foundation for early diagnosis and targeted mitigation efforts. It also illustrated the complexity of fungal ecology and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Jhing Yein Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Huiyu Xue
- National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore 259569, Singapore
| | - Mei Lun Chow
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Mohamed Ali
- National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore 259569, Singapore
| | - Arthur Ng
- National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore 259569, Singapore
| | - Abigail Leong
- National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore 259569, Singapore
| | - Jeb Yeo
- National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore 259569, Singapore
| | - Shao Ming Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Megan Shi Ying Tang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Yan Yi Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Amy Mei Fun Choong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14, Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | | | - Riccardo Delli Ponti
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Perry M Chan
- School of Applied Science, Nanyang Polytechnic, 180 Ang Mo Kio Avenue 8, Singapore 569830, Singapore
| | - Daryl Lee
- National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore 259569, Singapore
| | - Jia Yih Wong
- National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore 259569, Singapore
| | - Marek Mutwil
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Yok King Fong
- National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore 259569, Singapore
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