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Hu J, Yang X, Ren J, Zhong S, Fan Q, Li W. Identification and verification of characteristic differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes in osteosarcoma using bioinformatics analysis. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:781-795. [PMID: 37488941 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2240879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study identified and verified the characteristic differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes (CDEFRGs) in osteosarcoma (OS). METHODS We extracted ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs), identified differentially expressed FRGs (DEFRGs) in OS, and conducted correlation analysis between DEFRGs. Next, we conducted GO and KEGG analyses to explore the biological functions and pathways of DEFRGs. Furthermore, we used LASSO and SVM-RFE algorithms to screen CDEFRGs, and evaluated its accuracy in diagnosing OS through ROC curves. Then, we demonstrated the molecular function and pathway enrichment of CDEFRGs through GSEA analysis. In addition, we evaluated the differences in immune cell infiltration between OS and NC groups, as well as the correlation between CDEFRGs expressions and immune cell infiltrations. Finally, the expression of CDEFRGs was verified through qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry experiments. RESULTS We identified 51 DEFRGs and the expression relationship between them. GO and KEGG analysis revealed their key functions and important pathways. Based on four CDEFRGs (PEX3, CPEB1, NOX1, and ALOX5), we built the OS diagnostic model, and verified its accuracy. GSEA analysis further revealed the important functions and pathways of CDEFRGs. In addition, there were differences in immune cell infiltration between OS group and NC group, and CDEFRGs showed significant correlation with certain infiltrating immune cells. Finally, we validated the differential expression levels of four CDEFRGs through external experiments. CONCLUSIONS This study has shed light on the molecular pathological mechanism of OS and has offered novel perspectives for the early diagnosis and immune-targeted therapy of OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P. R. China
- Faculty of Medical Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P. R. China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopaedics, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Qujing No. 1 Hospital, Affiliated Qujing Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, P. R. China
| | - Shixiao Zhong
- Faculty of Medical Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P. R. China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopaedics, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Qianbo Fan
- Faculty of Medical Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P. R. China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopaedics, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Weichao Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P. R. China
- Faculty of Medical Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P. R. China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopaedics, Kunming, P. R. China
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2
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Zhang Z, Wu W, Shao Z. NOTCH Signaling in Osteosarcoma. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2266-2283. [PMID: 36975516 PMCID: PMC10047431 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery has been promoted for the treatment of osteosarcoma; however, the local recurrence and lung metastasis rates remain high. Therefore, it is crucial to explore new therapeutic targets and strategies that are more effective. The NOTCH pathway is not only involved in normal embryonic development but also plays an important role in the development of cancers. The expression level and signaling functional status of the NOTCH pathway vary in different histological types of cancer as well as in the same type of cancer from different patients, reflecting the distinct roles of the Notch pathway in tumorigenesis. Studies have reported abnormal activation of the NOTCH signaling pathway in most clinical specimens of osteosarcoma, which is closely related to a poor prognosis. Similarly, studies have reported that NOTCH signaling affected the biological behavior of osteosarcoma through various molecular mechanisms. NOTCH-targeted therapy has shown potential for the treatment of osteosarcoma in clinical research. After the introduction of the composition and biological functions of the NOTCH signaling pathway, the review paper discussed the clinical significance of dysfunction in osteosarcoma. Then the paper reviewed the recent relevant research progress made both in the cell lines and in the animal models of osteosarcoma. Finally, the paper explored the potential of the clinical application of NOTCH-targeted therapy for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Zhang B, Zhang Z, Gao B, Zhang F, Tian L, Zeng H, Wang S. Raman microspectroscopy based TNM staging and grading of breast cancer. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 285:121937. [PMID: 36201869 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) system is the most common way that doctors determine the anatomical extent of cancer on the basis of clinical and pathological criteria. In this study, a spectral histopathological study has been carried out to bridge Raman micro spectroscopy with the breast cancer TNM system. A total of seventy breast tissue samples, including healthy tissue, early, middle, and advanced cancer, were investigated to provide detailed insights into compositional and structural variations that accompany breast malignant evolution. After evaluating the main spectral variations in all tissue types, the generalized discriminant analysis (GDA) pathological diagnostic model was established to discriminate the TNM staging and grading information. Moreover, micro-Raman images were reconstructed by K-means clustering analysis (KCA) for visualizing the lobular acinar in healthy tissue and ductal structures in all early, middle and advanced breast cancer tissue groups. While, univariate imaging techniques were adapted to describe the distribution differences of biochemical components such as tryptophan, β-carotene, proteins, and lipids in the scanned regions. The achieved spectral histopathological results not only established a spectra-structure correlations via tissue biochemical profiles but also provided important data and discriminative model references for in vivo Raman-based breast cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoping Zhang
- Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Zhanqin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Bingran Gao
- Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Furong Zhang
- Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Lu Tian
- Department of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Haishan Zeng
- Imaging Unit - Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Shuang Wang
- Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China.
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4
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Li J, Li J, Wang H, Chen Y, Qin J, Zeng H, Wang K, Wang S. Microscopic Raman illustrating antitumor enhancement effects by the combination drugs of γ-secretase inhibitor and cisplatin on osteosarcoma cells. J Biophotonics 2022; 15:e202200189. [PMID: 36057844 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
By using Raman microspectroscopy, it aims to elucidate the cellular variations caused by the combination drug of γ-secretase inhibitor (DAPT) and cisplatin in osteosarcoma (OS) cells. Illustrated by the obtained results of spectral analysis, the intracellular composition significantly changed after combined drug actions compared to the solo DAPT treatment, indicating the synergistic effect of DAPT combined with cisplatin on OS cells. Meanwhile, multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) algorithm was utilized to address the biochemical constitution changes in all investigated groups including the untreated (UT), DAPT (40D) and combined drug (40D + 20C) treated cells. K-means cluster and univariate imaging were both utilized to visualize the changes in subcellular morphology and biochemical distribution. The presented study provides a unique understanding on the cellular responses to DAPT combined with cisplatin from the natural biochemical perspectives, and laids an experimental foundation for exploring the therapeutic strategies of other combined anticancer drugs in cancer cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yishen Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haishan Zeng
- Imaging Unit-Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kaige Wang
- Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Wang H, Li J, Qin J, Li J, Chen Y, Song D, Zeng H, Wang S. Investigating the cellular responses of osteosarcoma to cisplatin by confocal Raman microspectroscopy. J Photochem Photobiol B 2022; 226:112366. [PMID: 34826719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy (CRM) was employed to clarify the cellular response of cisplatin in osteosarcoma (OS) cells with different dosages and incubation times. The K7M2 mouse osteosarcoma cells were treated by cisplatin in 0 μM (UT group), 20 μM (20 T group), and 40 μM (40 T group) doses for 24-h (24H group) and 48-h (48H group), respectively. Raman spectroscopy was utilized to analyze the drug induced variations of intracellular biochemical components in osteosarcoma cells. The spectral results shows that the main changes in its biochemical composition come from nucleic acids. By adopting three different kernel functions (linear, polynomial, and Gaussian radial basis function (RBF)), principal component analysis combined with support vector machine models (PCA-SVM) was built to address the spectral variations among all investigated groups. Meanwhile, multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) was further utilized to discuss on the chemical interpretation on the acquired spectral results. Moreover, Raman spectral images, which is reconstructed by K-means cluster analysis (KCA) with point-scanned hyperspectral dataset, was applied to illustrate the drug induced compositional and morphological variations in each subcellular region. The achieved results not only prove the application potential of Raman based analytical technique in non-labeled intracellular studies, but also illustrate the detailed compositional and structural information of cisplatin induced OS cell responses from the perspective of multivariate analysis and imaging of Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China.
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Yishen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Dongliang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Haishan Zeng
- Imaging Unit - Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China.
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Huang X, Song D, Li J, Qin J, Wang D, Li J, Wang H, Wang S. Validating Multivariate Classification Algorithms in Raman Spectroscopy-Based Osteosarcoma Cellular Analysis. ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.1982959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongliang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Difan Wang
- School of Life, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Li J, Li J, Wang H, Qin J, Zeng H, Wang K, Wang S. Unveiling osteosarcoma responses to DAPT combined with cisplatin by using confocal Raman microscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2021; 12:5514-5528. [PMID: 34692198 PMCID: PMC8515968 DOI: 10.1364/boe.432933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the dose- and time-dependent effect of the γ-secretase inhibitor (DAPT) combined with cisplatin on osteosarcoma (OS) cells, evaluated by confocal Raman microspectral imaging (CRMI) technology. The intracellular composition significantly changed after combined drug action compared with the sole cisplatin treatment, proving the synergistic effect of DAPT combined with cisplatin on OS cells. The principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis revealed the main compositional variations by distinguishing spectral characteristics. K-means cluster and univariate imaging were used to visualize the changes in subcellular morphology and biochemical distribution. The results showed that the increase of the DAPT dose and cisplatin treatment time in the combination treatment induced the division of the nucleus in OS cells, and other organelles also showed significant physiological changes compared with the effect of sole cisplatin treatment. After understanding the cellular response to the combined drug treatment at a molecular level, the achieved results provide an experimental fact for developing suitable individualized tumor treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Haishan Zeng
- Imaging Unit-Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Kaige Wang
- Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
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Wang H, Li J, Qin J, Li J, Chen Y, Song D, Zeng H, Wang S. Confocal Raman microspectral analysis and imaging of the drug response of osteosarcoma to cisplatin. Anal Methods 2021; 13:2527-2536. [PMID: 34008598 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00626f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Confocal Raman microspectral analysis and imaging were used to elucidate the drug response of osteosarcoma (OS) to cisplatin. Raman spectral data were obtained from OS cells that were untreated (UT group) and treated with 20 µM (20T group) and 40 µM (40T group) cisplatin for 24 hours. Statistical analysis of the changes in specific Raman signals was performed using a one-way ANOVA and multiple Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD) post hoc tests. Principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) was used to highlight the featured cellular drug responses based on the obtained spectral information. For spectral imaging analysis, k-means cluster analysis (KCA) was adopted to clarify the effect of cisplatin dose changes on the subcellular structure and its biochemical composition. The results suggest that the major biochemical changes induced by cisplatin in OS cells undergoing apoptosis are reduced protein and nucleic acid content. Through univariate analysis, the changes in the distribution of nucleic acids in OS cells induced by different doses of cisplatin were obtained. The combination of Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis shows that cisplatin mainly acts on the nucleus and causes changes in the secondary structure of proteins. These results indicate that Raman imaging technology has the potential to offer the basis of dose optimization for personalized cancer treatment by helping to understand in vitro cellular drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, #1 Xuefu Avenue, Guodu Education and Technology Industrial Zone Chang'an District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, #1 Xuefu Avenue, Guodu Education and Technology Industrial Zone Chang'an District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China.
| | - Yishen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, #1 Xuefu Avenue, Guodu Education and Technology Industrial Zone Chang'an District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China.
| | - Dongliang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, #1 Xuefu Avenue, Guodu Education and Technology Industrial Zone Chang'an District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China.
| | - Haishan Zeng
- Imaging Unit - Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, #1 Xuefu Avenue, Guodu Education and Technology Industrial Zone Chang'an District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China.
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Song D, Chen Y, Li J, Wang H, Ning T, Wang S. A graphical user interface (NWUSA) for Raman spectral processing, analysis and feature recognition. J Biophotonics 2021; 14:e202000456. [PMID: 33547854 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
It is a practical necessity for non-professional users to interpret biologically derived Raman spectral information for obtaining accurate and reliable analytical results. An integrated Raman spectral analysis software (NWUSA) was developed for spectral processing, analysis, and feature recognition. It provides a user-friendly graphical interface to perform the following preprocessing tasks: spectral range selection, cosmic ray removal, polynomial fitting based background subtraction, Savitzky-Golay smoothing, area-under-curve normalization, mean-centered procedure, as well as multivariate analysis algorithms including principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis, partial least squares-discriminant analysis, support vector machine (SVM), and PCA-SVM. A spectral dataset obtained from two different samples was utilized to evaluate the performance of the developed software, which demonstrated that the analysis software can quickly and accurately achieve functional requirements in spectral data processing and feature recognition. Besides, the open-source software can not only be customized with more novel functional modules to suit the specific needs, but also benefit many Raman based investigations, especially for clinical usages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yishen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Li J, Qin J, Zeng H, Li J, Wang K, Wang S. Unveiling dose- and time-dependent osteosarcoma cell responses to the γ-secretase inhibitor, DAPT, by confocal Raman microscopy. J Biophotonics 2020; 13:e202000238. [PMID: 32697432 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Using confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy, this study aims to elucidate the cellular responses of the γ-secretase inhibitor, N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT), in osteosarcoma (OS) cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The K7M2 murine OS cell line was treated with different DAPT doses (0, 10, 20, and 40 μM) for 24 and 48 hours before investigations. Significant compositional changes (nucleic acids, protein and lipid) after DAPT treatment were addressed, which testified inhibitory effect of DAPT on the growth of OS cells. Moreover, both partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) analyses revealed governing composition variations among groups by distinguishing their spectral characteristics. Furthermore, by adopting leave-one-out cross validation method, it is shown that PLS-DA exhibited more classification capacity than PCA-LDA algorithm. Hence, by understanding the DAPT-based cellular variations, the achieved results provided an experimental foundation to establish new DAPT-based anticancer therapeutic strategies, and preclinical Raman analytical methodologies on drug-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haishan Zeng
- Imaging Unit-Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kaige Wang
- Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Li J, Li J, Qin J, Zeng H, Wang K, Wang D, Wang S. Confocal Raman microspectroscopic analysis on the time-dependent impact of DAPT, a γ-secretase inhibitor, to osteosarcoma cells. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 239:118372. [PMID: 32416170 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Confocal Raman microspectroscopy (CRM) analysis provides subcellular compositional and morphology related information. In this study, we used CRM in conjunction with multivariate statistical analysis to elucidate the time-dependent impact of the γ-secretase inhibitor, DAPT (N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester) of osteosarcoma (OS) cells. The interactions of DAPT (20 μM) with a murine OS cell line K7M2 at 24 and 48 h were monitored. The spectral characteristics of drug action were identified to illustrate the cellular compositional alterations, showing that DAPT induced apoptosis by reducing the protein, lipid and nucleic acid content and structural changes. Multivariate algorithms, principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) revealed a clear separation among cells in the untreated control (UT), 24H (DAPT-treated for 24 h), and 48H (DAPT-treated for 48 h) groups, achieving sensitivities of 100%, 96%, 100% and specificities of 98%, 100%, 100%, respectively. After point-scanned spectral imaging, K-means clustering analysis (KCA) was further used to visualize sub-cellular morphological changes and the underlying spectral characteristics in a temporal sequence. Compared with the UT group, Raman imaging results exhibited gradually increased nuclear division of OS cells with DAPT treatment duration extension, along with changes in the physiology of other organelles within the cell. By providing a unique perspective for understanding the temporary cellular responses to DAPT at molecular level, the achieved results form the foundation of strategies for the application of CRM and other Raman-based techniques for studying the therapeutic responses of other anticancer agents in cancer model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Haishan Zeng
- Imaging Unit - Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Kaige Wang
- Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Difan Wang
- School of Life, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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