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Chen X, Cheng Z, Xu J, Wang Q, Zhao Z, Jiang Q. Causal effects of educational attainment on temporomandibular disorders and the mediating pathways: A Mendelian randomization study. J Oral Rehabil 2024; 51:817-826. [PMID: 38205584 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As one of the most important indicators of socioeconomic status, educational attainment (EA) exhibits a strong association with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Despite this link, there is a lack of evidence regarding the causal role of EA in either facilitating or preventing TMDs. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the causal effect of education on TMDs and explore potential mediating pathways. METHODS Utilizing summary statistics from genome-wide association studies on years of schooling (N = 766 345) and TMDs (N = 211 023), we conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the overall effect of education. Additionally, a two-step MR approach was employed to evaluate 30 potential mediators and calculate the mediation proportions in the association. Comprehensive sensitivity analyses were used to verify the robustness, heterogeneity, and pleiotropy. RESULTS Univariable MR analyses revealed a causal effect of lower EA on an increased risk of TMDs (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.43-0.66, p < .001). Five out of 30 modifiable factors were identified as causal mediators in the associations of EA with TMDs, including feeling nervous (mediation proportion: 11.6%), feeling tense (10.2%), depression (9.6%), feeling worry (7.6%) and daily smoking (8.9%). Meanwhile, no pleiotropy was detected in the analyses (p > .05). CONCLUSION Our findings supported that higher EA has a protective effect on the onset of TMDs, with partial mediation by psychological disorders and daily smoking. Interventions on these factors thus have the potential of substantially reducing the burden of TMDs attributed to low education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Jiangyin, China
| | - Zheng Cheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Jiangyin, China
| | - Junyu Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Jiangyin, China
| | - Qianyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Jiangyin, China
| | - Zhibai Zhao
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianglin Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Jiangyin, China
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Zheng T, Liu C, Wang Y, Zhou H, Zhou R, Zhu X, Zhu Z, Tan Y, Li Z, Huang X, Tan J, Zhu K. Inflammatory cytokines mediating the effect of oral lichen planus on oral cavity cancer risk: a univariable and multivariable mendelian randomization study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:375. [PMID: 38519926 PMCID: PMC10958829 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While observational studies and experimental data suggest a link between oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral cavity cancer (OCC), the causal relationship and the role of inflammatory cytokines remain unclear. METHODS This study employed a univariable and multivariable Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationship between OLP and the risk of OCC. Additionally, the potential role of inflammatory cytokines in modulating this association was explored. Instrumental variables were derived from genetic variants associated with OLP (n = 377,277) identified in Finngen R9 datasets, with 41 inflammatory cytokines as potential mediators, and OCC (n = 4,151) as the outcome variable. Analytical methods including Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW), Weighted Median, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO were utilized to assess the causal links among OLP, inflammatory cytokines, and OCC risk. Multivariable MR (MVMR) was then applied to quantify the mediating effects of these cytokines in the relationship between OLP and increased OCC risk. RESULTS MR analysis provided strong evidence of a causal relationship between OLP (OR = 1.417, 95% CI = 1.167-1.721, p < 0.001) and the risk of OCC. Furthermore, two inflammatory cytokines significantly influenced by OLP, IL-13 (OR = 1.088, 95% CI: 1.007-1.175, P = 0.032) and IL-9 (OR = 1.085, 95% CI: 1.005-1.171, P = 0.037), were identified. Subsequent analysis revealed a significant causal association only between IL-13 (OR = 1.408, 95% CI: 1.147-1.727, P = 0.001) and higher OCC risk, establishing it as a potential mediator. Further, MVMR analysis indicated that IL-13 (OR = 1.437, 95% CI = 1.139-1.815, P = 0.002) mediated the relationship between OLP and OCC, accounting for 8.13% of the mediation. CONCLUSION This study not only elucidates the potential causal relationship between OLP and the risk of OCC but also highlights the pivotal mediating role of IL-13 in this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chengyong Liu
- Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yetong Wang
- Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zibing Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yisi Tan
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengrui Li
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xufeng Huang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Jin Tan
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Keke Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Watts EL, Moore SC, Gunter MJ, Chatterjee N. Adiposity and cancer: meta-analysis, mechanisms, and future perspectives. medRxiv 2024:2024.02.16.24302944. [PMID: 38405761 PMCID: PMC10889047 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.16.24302944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a recognised risk factor for many cancers and with rising global prevalence, has become a leading cause of cancer. Here we summarise the current evidence from both population-based epidemiologic investigations and experimental studies on the role of obesity in cancer development. This review presents a new meta-analysis using data from 40 million individuals and reports positive associations with 19 cancer types. Utilising major new data from East Asia, the meta-analysis also shows that the strength of obesity and cancer associations varies regionally, with stronger relative risks for several cancers in East Asia. This review also presents current evidence on the mechanisms linking obesity and cancer and identifies promising future research directions. These include the use of new imaging data to circumvent the methodological issues involved with body mass index and the use of omics technologies to resolve biologic mechanisms with greater precision and clarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor L Watts
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Shady Grove, MD, USA
| | - Steven C Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Shady Grove, MD, USA
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
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Dai N, Deng Y, Wang B. Association between human blood metabolome and the risk of hypertension. BMC Genom Data 2023; 24:79. [PMID: 38102541 PMCID: PMC10724971 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-023-01180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension, commonly referred to as high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure levels. It is a prevalent global health issue, affecting a significant portion of the population worldwide. Hypertension is often asymptomatic, making it a silent but potentially dangerous condition if left untreated. Genetic instruments for 1,091 were from a recent comprehensive metabolome genome-wide association study (GWAS). Summary statistics of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) involving 757,601 sample size were analyzed. Two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) was conducted to assess causal effect of metabolites on DBP and SBP risk, and reverse MR analysis was performed to identify the DBP/SBP causal effect on blood metabolites. Twelve and twenty-two metabolites were identified to be associated with DBP and SBP, respectively. Sensitive analysis showed four metabolites had robustness association on BP. Reverse MR demonstrated DBP and SBP could decrease the tricosanoyl sphingomyelin (d18:1/23:0)* level and increase the 2-hydroxyhippurate (salicylurate) level in blood, respectively. Our findings reveal an association between blood metabolites and blood pressure (DBP and SBP), suggesting potential therapeutic targets for hypertension intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Dai
- The Eco-city Hospital of Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300467, China.
| | - Yujuan Deng
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050010, China
- College of Future Information Technology, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Baishi Wang
- The Eco-city Hospital of Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300467, China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have reported controversial results on the association between obesity and head and neck cancer risk. This study aimed to perform a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the causal association between obesity and head and neck cancer risk using publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics. METHODS Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for obesity [body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), whole body fat mass, lean body mass, and trunk fat mass] and head and neck cancer (total head and neck cancer, oral cavity cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, and oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer) were retrieved from published GWASs and used as genetic instrumental variables. Five methods including inverse-variance-weighted (IVW), weighted-median, MR-Egger, weighted mode, and MR-PRESSO were used to obtain reliable results, and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Tests for horizontal pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and sensitivity were performed separately. RESULTS Genetically predicted BMI was negatively associated with the risk of total head and neck cancer, which was significant in the IVW [OR (95%CI), 0.990 (0.984-0.996), P = 0.0005], weighted-median [OR (95%CI), 0.984 (0.975-0.993), P = 0.0009], and MR-PRESSO [OR (95%CI), 0.990 (0.984-0.995), P = 0.0004] analyses, but suggestive significant in the MR-Egger [OR (95%CI), 0.9980 (0.9968-0.9991), P < 0.001] and weighted mode [OR (95%CI), 0.9980 (0.9968-0.9991), P < 0.001] analyses. Similar, genetically predicted BMI adjust for smoking may also be negatively associated with the risk of total head and neck cancer (P < 0.05). Genetically predicted BMI may be negatively related to the risk of oral cavity cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, and oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer (P < 0.05), but no causal association was observed for BMI adjust for smoking (P > 0.05). In addition, no causal associations were observed for other exposures and outcomes (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION This MR analysis supported the causal association of BMI-related obesity with decreased risk of total head and neck cancer. However, the effect estimates from the MR analysis were close to 1, suggesting a slight protective effect of BMI-related obesity on head and neck cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gui
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Xiaohui He
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Le Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jiarui Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jinping Pi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chao yang District San huan Cancer Hospital, Beijing, 100122, China
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Min Y, Wei X, Peng X. Letter: Mendelian randomization-New perspective in inflammatory bowel disease and pancreatic cancer? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2023; 58:143-144. [PMID: 37307560 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Min
- Department of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wei
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingchen Peng
- Department of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
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