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do Nascimento RP, dos Santos BL, Amparo JAO, Soares JRP, da Silva KC, Santana MR, Almeida ÁMAN, da Silva VDA, Costa MDFD, Ulrich H, Moura-Neto V, Lopes GPDF, Costa SL. Neuroimmunomodulatory Properties of Flavonoids and Derivates: A Potential Action as Adjuvants for the Treatment of Glioblastoma. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010116. [PMID: 35057010 PMCID: PMC8778519 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are tumors that have a high ability to migrate, invade and proliferate in the healthy tissue, what greatly impairs their treatment. These characteristics are associated with the complex microenvironment, formed by the perivascular niche, which is also composed of several stromal cells including astrocytes, microglia, fibroblasts, pericytes and endothelial cells, supporting tumor progression. Further microglia and macrophages associated with GBMs infiltrate the tumor. These innate immune cells are meant to participate in tumor surveillance and eradication, but they become compromised by GBM cells and exploited in the process. In this review we discuss the context of the GBM microenvironment together with the actions of flavonoids, which have attracted scientific attention due to their pharmacological properties as possible anti-tumor agents. Flavonoids act on a variety of signaling pathways, counteracting the invasion process. Luteolin and rutin inhibit NFκB activation, reducing IL-6 production. Fisetin promotes tumor apoptosis, while inhibiting ADAM expression, reducing invasion. Naringenin reduces tumor invasion by down-regulating metalloproteinases expression. Apigenin and rutin induce apoptosis in C6 cells increasing TNFα, while decreasing IL-10 production, denoting a shift from the immunosuppressive Th2 to the Th1 profile. Overall, flavonoids should be further exploited for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravena Pereira do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
| | - Balbino Lino dos Santos
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
- Academic College of Nurse, Department of Health, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56304-205, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jéssika Alves Oliveira Amparo
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
| | - Janaina Ribeiro Pereira Soares
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
| | - Karina Costa da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
| | - Monique Reis Santana
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
| | - Áurea Maria Alves Nunes Almeida
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
| | - Victor Diógenes Amaral da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
| | - Maria de Fátima Dias Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
- National Institute for Translational Neurosciences (INCT/CNPq INNT), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence: (H.U.); (S.L.C.)
| | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- National Institute for Translational Neurosciences (INCT/CNPq INNT), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Paulo Niemeyer State Institute of the Brain, Rio de Janeiro 20230-024, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giselle Pinto de Faria Lopes
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Admiral Paulo Moreira Institute for Sea Studies (IEAPM), Arraial do Cabo 28930-000, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-902, Bahia, Brazil; (R.P.d.N.); (B.L.d.S.); (J.A.O.A.); (J.R.P.S.); (K.C.d.S.); (M.R.S.); (Á.M.A.N.A.); (V.D.A.d.S.); (M.d.F.D.C.)
- National Institute for Translational Neurosciences (INCT/CNPq INNT), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (H.U.); (S.L.C.)
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