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Benešová I, Křížová Ľ, Kverka M. Microbiota as the unifying factor behind the hallmarks of cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:14429-14450. [PMID: 37555952 PMCID: PMC10590318 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiota is a complex ecosystem that colonizes body surfaces and interacts with host organ systems, especially the immune system. Since the composition of this ecosystem depends on a variety of internal and external factors, each individual harbors a unique set of microbes. These differences in microbiota composition make individuals either more or less susceptible to various diseases, including cancer. Specific microbes are associated with cancer etiology and pathogenesis and several mechanisms of how they drive the typical hallmarks of cancer were recently identified. Although most microbes reside in the distal gut, they can influence cancer initiation and progression in distant tissues, as well as modulate the outcomes of established cancer therapies. Here, we describe the mechanisms by which microbes influence carcinogenesis and discuss their current and potential future applications in cancer diagnostics and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Benešová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00, Prague 4-Krč, Czech Republic
| | - Ľudmila Křížová
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Kverka
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00, Prague 4-Krč, Czech Republic.
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Argalácsová S, Křížová Ľ, Matějů M, Svobodová D, Vočka M. Radiation-Induced Lymphopoenia and Treatment Outcome in Hereditary Breast Cancer Patients. Folia Biol (Praha) 2023; 69:91-98. [PMID: 38206774 DOI: 10.14712/fb2023069030091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Many breast cancer (BC) predisposition genes encode proteins involved in DNA damage repair (DDR). Identification of germline pathogenic va-riants (PV) in DDR genes raises the question whether their presence can influence the treatment outcomes and potential radiation-induced toxicity in their carriers treated by adjuvant radiotherapy, which has not yet been answered conclusively. We retrospectively examined records of 213 BC patients treated by adjuvant radiotherapy, including 39 (18.3 %) BRCA1/2 PV carriers, 25 carriers (11.7 %) of PV in other breast cancer-predisposing genes, and 149 (70 %) non-carriers. Our goal was to examine 5-year disease-free survival (5y DFS) rates among the study groups and determine the impact of radiotherapy-induced lymphopoenia (RIL) on this outcome. While we found no significant difference in 5y DFS between non-carriers and carriers of BRCA mutations (86.4 % vs 78.4 % P = 0.24) or between non-carriers and other studied mutations (86.4 % vs 93.3 %; P = 0.27), respectively, we observed that the entire group of PV carriers had a significantly lower proportion of patients without RIL (P = 0.04) than the non-carriers. In contrast, subsequent analyses indicated a non-significant trend toward an increased 5y DFS in PV carriers with RIL. Our single-centre study indicated that the presence of PV in BC patients has an insignificant impact on DFS but can reduce the risk of RIL associated with adjuvant radiotherapy. It remains unclear whether this may result from the paradoxical activation of anti-tumour immunity in PV carriers with higher lymphocyte consumption resulting from higher immune effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soňa Argalácsová
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ľudmila Křížová
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Matějů
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Svobodová
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vočka
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
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Křížová Ľ, Šafaříková M, Kalousová M, Pfeiferová L, Kuběna AA, Vočka M, Ulrych J, Franková V, Petruželka L, Zima T, Feltl D. New methodology of TMB assessment from tissue and liquid biopsy in NSCLC. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275121. [PMID: 36155654 PMCID: PMC9512185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has dramatically influenced and changed therapeutical approach in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in recent five years. Even though we can reach long-term response to this treatment in approximately 20% of patients with NSCLC, we are still not able to identify this cohort of patients based on predictive biomarkers. In our study we have focused on tumor mutation burden (TMB), one of the potential biomarkers which could predict effectiveness of check-point inhibitors, but has several limitations, especially in multiple approaches to TMB quantification and ununiform threshold. We determined the value of TMB in tumor tissue (tTMB) and blood (bTMB) in 20 patients with early stage NSCLC using original custom gene panel LMB_TMB1. We evaluated various possibilities of TMB calculation and concluded that TMB should be counted from both somatic non-synonymous and synonymous mutations. Considering various factors, we established cut-offs of tTMB in/excluding HLA genes as ≥22 mut/Mb and 12 mut/Mb respectively, and cut-offs of bTMB were defined as ≥21 mut/Mb and ≥5 mut/Mb, respectively. We also observed trend in correlation of somatic mutations in HLA genes with overall survival of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ľudmila Křížová
- Department of Oncology, General University Hospital in Prague and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Markéta Šafaříková
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital in Prague and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Kalousová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital in Prague and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Pfeiferová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital in Prague and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Antonín Kuběna
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital in Prague and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vočka
- Department of Oncology, General University Hospital in Prague and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Ulrych
- First Department of Surgery, Department of Abdominal, Thoracic Surgery and Traumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Franková
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luboš Petruželka
- Department of Oncology, General University Hospital in Prague and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Zima
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital in Prague and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Feltl
- Department of Oncology, General University Hospital in Prague and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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