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Nik Muhammad NA, Huda N, Karim AA, Mohammadi Nafchi A. Effects of acid type extraction on characterization and sensory profile of duck feet gelatin: towards finding bovine gelatin alternative. Food Measure 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-017-9661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mohammadi Nafchi A, Olfat A, Bagheri M, Nouri L, Karim AA, Ariffin F. Preparation and characterization of a novel edible film based on Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum. J Food Sci Technol 2017; 54:1703-1710. [PMID: 28559629 PMCID: PMC5430202 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2602-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study a novel biodegradable edible film based on Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) was fabricated and characterized. Glycerol at three levels (25, 35, and 45% based on dried AHSG) as plasticizer were added. The microstructure and barrier, electromagnetic, mechanical, and thermal properties of the film were characterized. Results showed that permeability to both oxygen and water vapor, increased as the plasticizer content increased from 25 to 45%. The mechanical properties of AHSG films were comparable to those of polysaccharide films. Results showed that the glycerol content significantly decreased the glass-transition temperature of the film. The color measurement indicated that increasing the plasticizer content augmented the b* and L* values. Results of the field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed a uniform and smooth surface morphology and an absence of phase separation among the film compositions. The findings demonstrated that AHSG has the potential to fabricate edible films with enhanced quality characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdorreza Mohammadi Nafchi
- Food Biopolymer Research Group, Food Science and Technology Department, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Ali Olfat
- Food Biopolymer Research Group, Food Science and Technology Department, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Mina Bagheri
- Food Biopolymer Research Group, Food Science and Technology Department, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Leila Nouri
- Food Biopolymer Research Group, Food Science and Technology Department, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - A. A. Karim
- Food Biopolymer Research Group, Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang Malaysia
| | - Fazilah Ariffin
- Food Biopolymer Research Group, Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang Malaysia
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Chang S, Mohammadi Nafchi A, Karim AA. Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial properties of three selected varieties of Iranian fennel seeds. Journal of Essential Oil Research 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2016.1146169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Chang
- Food Science and Technology Division, Agriculture Department, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Semanan, Iran
| | - Abdorreza Mohammadi Nafchi
- Food Science and Technology Division, Agriculture Department, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Semanan, Iran
| | - A. A. Karim
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Sood S, Winn T, Ibrahim S, Gobindram A, Arumugam AAV, Razali NC, Yasmin P, Hidayu N, Sani H, Mustafa MH, Fatinah A, Devi A, Karim AA, Obaid KJ, Haron NH, Fitjerald H, Koshy M. Natural history of asymptomatic gallstones: differential behaviour in male and female subjects. Med J Malaysia 2015; 70:341-345. [PMID: 26988206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The natural history of asymptomatic (silent) gallstones has been inadequately studied. Existing information derives from studies based on oral cholecystography or relatively small sample sizes. We planned a retrospective cohort study in subjects with gallstones to determine conversion rates from asymptomatic to symptomatic. METHODS We extracted data from computerised databases of one government hospital and two private clinics in Malaysia. Files were scrutinised to ensure that criteria for asymptomatic gallstones were fulfilled. Patients were called on telephone, further questioned to confirm that the gallstones at detection were truly asymptomatic, and asked about symptoms that were consistent with previously defined criteria for biliary colic. Appropriate ethical clearances were taken. RESULTS 213 (112 males) patients fulfilled the criteria for asymptomatic gallstones and could be contacted. 23 (10.8%) developed pain after an average follow up interval of 4.02 years (range 0.1-11 years). Conversion rates from asymptomatic to symptomatic gallstones were high in the first two years of follow up, averaging 4.03±0.965 per year. Over time the conversion rates slowed, and by year 10 the annual conversion rate averaged only 1.38±0.29. Conversion rates were much higher for females compared to males (F:M hazard ratio 3.23, SE 1.54, p>z 0.014). The lifetime risks for conversion approached 6.15% for males, and 22.1% for females. CONCLUSION In conclusion, asymptomatic gallstones are much more likely to convert to symptomatic in females than in males. Males in whom asymptomatic stones are discovered should be advised conservative treatment. Surgery may be preferable to conservative management if the subject is a young female.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sood
- Monash University Malaysia, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine, 8 Jalan Masjid Abu Bakar, 80100 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - T Winn
- MAHSA University, Jalan University Campus, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Ibrahim
- Hospital Putrajaya, Putrajaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A Gobindram
- Mahameru International Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - N C Razali
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Medicine, Malaysia
| | - P Yasmin
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Medicine, Malaysia
| | - N Hidayu
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Medicine, Malaysia
| | - H Sani
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Medicine, Malaysia
| | - M H Mustafa
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Medicine, Malaysia
| | - A Fatinah
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Medicine, Malaysia
| | - A Devi
- National Defence University of Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A A Karim
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Medicine, Malaysia
| | - K J Obaid
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Medicine, Malaysia
| | - N H Haron
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Medicine, Malaysia
| | | | - M Koshy
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Medicine, Malaysia
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Nouri L, Nafchi AM, Karim AA. Mechanical and Sensory Evaluation of Noodles Incorporated with Betel Leaf Extract. International Journal of Food Engineering 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2014-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Noodles promote health as a source of essential nutrients and fiber. This study evaluated the effects of incorporating various levels of betel leaf extract on the quality and sensory acceptability of Hokkien noodles. Hokkien noodles incorporated with betel leaf extract (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% based on flour weight) were prepared from wheat flour with a moisture content of 14%. The hardness, elongation, adhesiveness, color, and sensory evaluation of the noodles were then determined. Results clearly show that the incorporation of betel leaf extract at various levels led to the structural modification of the noodles and to a soft product compare to the control. However, the product scores in all sensory attributes were higher than the control scores. The sample was incorporated 15% betel leaf extract had the best acceptance quality wherein the beneficial effects of betel leaf polyphenols can be utilized.
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Khedr EM, Kotb HI, Mostafa MG, Mohamad MF, Amr SA, Ahmed MA, Karim AA, Kamal SMM. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in neuropathic pain secondary to malignancy: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Pain 2014; 19:519-27. [PMID: 25142867 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant analgesic effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have been found in several studies of patients with chronic pain of various origins, but never for malignancy. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of 10 sessions of rTMS over the primary motor cortex (M1) in patients suffering from malignant neuropathic pain. METHODS Thirty-four patients were randomly allocated into one of two groups to receive real (20 Hz, 10 s, 10 trains with 80% intensity) or sham rTMS daily for 10 consecutive days. Patients were evaluated using a verbal descriptor scale (VDS), a visual analogue scale (VAS), Leeds assessment of neuropathic symptoms and signs (LANSS) and Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAM-D) at baseline, after the first, fifth and 10th treatment sessions, and then 15 days and 1 month after treatment. RESULTS There were no significant differences between real and sham groups in the duration of illness or pain rating scores at the baseline. A significant 'Time × Group' interaction was recorded indicating that real and sham rTMS had different effects on the VDS, VAS, LANSS and HAM-D scales. Post-hoc testing showed that the group of patients treated with real rTMS had greater improvement in all scales that persisted up to 15 days, but were not present 1 month later. Significant positive correlations between the percentage of pain reduction and HAM-D after the 10th session and 15 days later were recorded. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that 10 rTMS sessions over the M1 can induce short-term pain relief in malignant neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Khedr
- Department of Neurology, Assiut University Hospital, Egypt
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Uthumporn U, Wahidah N, Karim AA. Physicochemical Properties Of Starch From Sago (Metroxylon Sagu) Palm Grown In Mineral Soil At Different Growth Stages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/62/1/012026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Karim AA, Schneider M, Kipping J, Kotchoubey B, Khedr E, Birbaumer N, Fallgatter AJ. Psychopathic traits and neurophysiology of deception. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1371186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lye HS, Khoo BY, Karim AA, Rusul G, Liong MT. Ultrasound enhanced growth and cholesterol removal of Lactobacillus fermentum FTDC 1311 in the parent cells but not the subsequent passages. Ultrason Sonochem 2012; 19:901-908. [PMID: 22265020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ultrasound on the intestinal adherence ability, cell growth, and cholesterol removal ability of parent cells and subsequent passages of Lactobacillus fermentum FTDC 1311. Ultrasound significantly decreased the intestinal adherence ability of treated parent cells compared to that of the control by 11.32% (P<0.05), which may be due to the protein denaturation upon local heating. Growth of treated parent cells also decreased by 4.45% (P<0.05) immediately upon ultrasound (0-4h) and showed an increase (P<0.05) in the viability by 2.18-2.34% during the later stage of fermentation (12-20 h) compared to that of the control. In addition, an increase (P<0.05) in assimilation of cholesterol (>9.74%) was also observed for treated parent cells compared to that of the control, accompanied by increased (P<0.05) incorporation of cholesterol into the cellular membrane. This was supported by the increased ratio of membrane cholesterol:phospholipids (C:P), saturation of cholesterol in the apolar regions, upper phospholipids regions, and polar regions of membrane phospholipids of parent cells compared to that of the control (P<0.05). However, such traits were not inherited by the subsequent passages of treated cells (first, second, and third passages). Our data suggested that ultrasound treatment could be used to improve cholesterol removal ability of parent cells without inducing permanent damage/defects on treated cells of subsequent passages.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Lye
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
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Uthumporn U, Shariffa YN, Fazilah A, Karim AA. Effects of NaOH treatment of cereal starch granules on the extent of granular starch hydrolysis. Colloid Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-012-2674-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
Theory of mind (ToM), the ability to recognize mental states of others, and empathy are crucial cognitive-emotional processes for appropriate social interactions. Deficits in these processes can lead to maladjusted social behavior or even to aggressive or criminal behavior. ToM and empathy deficits have been found in different forensically relevant disorders, such as schizophrenia, pedophilia but especially in autism and psychopathy according to Hare. Most notably, autistic and psychopathic patients differ in their type of deficits and in their neuronal correlates. While autistic individuals lack the ability to take the perspective of others, psychopaths lack empathy. The aim of this article is to provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology of ToM and empathy deficits in forensically relevant disorders by reviewing and discussing the findings of neuroimaging and lesion studies and to highlight crucial implications for neuropsychotherapy according to Grawe.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Krippl
- Forensische Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland.
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Lye HS, Karim AA, Rusul G, Liong MT. Electroporation enhances the ability of lactobacilli to remove cholesterol. J Dairy Sci 2012; 94:4820-30. [PMID: 21943733 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of electroporation on the membrane properties of lactobacilli and their ability to remove cholesterol in vitro. The growth of lactobacilli cells treated at 7.5 kV/cm for 4 ms was increased by 0.89 to 1.96 log(10) cfu/mL upon fermentation at 37 °C for 20 h, the increase being attributed to the reversible and transient formation of pores and defragmentation of clumped cells. In addition, an increase of cholesterol assimilation as high as 127.2% was observed for most cells electroporated at a field strength of 7.5 kV/cm for 3.5 ms compared with a lower field strength of 2.5 kV/cm. Electroporation also increased the incorporation of cholesterol into the cellular membrane, as shown by an increased cholesterol:phospholipids ratio (50.0-59.6%) upon treatment at 7.5 kV/cm compared with treatment at 2.5 kV/cm. Saturation of cholesterol was observed in different regions of the membrane bilayer such as upper phospholipids, apolar tail, and polar heads, as indicated by fluorescence anisotropy using 3 fluorescent probes. Electroporation could be a useful technique to increase the ability of lactobacilli to remove cholesterol for possible use as cholesterol-lowering adjuncts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Lye
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia
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Bhat R, Karim AA. Towards producing novel fish gelatin films by combination treatments of ultraviolet radiation and sugars (ribose and lactose) as cross-linking agents. J Food Sci Technol 2012; 51:1326-33. [PMID: 24966426 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-012-0652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Developing novel fish gelatin films with better mechanical properties than mammalian gelatin is a challenging but promising endeavor. Studies were undertaken to produce fish gelatin films by combining treatments with different sugars (ribose and lactose) followed 'by' 'and' ultraviolet (UV) radiation, as possible cross-linking agents. Increase in tensile strength and percent elongation at break was recorded, which was more significant in films without sugars that were exposed to UV radiation. Films with added ribose showed decreased solubility after UV treatment and exhibited higher swelling percentage than films with added lactose, which readily dissolved in water. FTIR spectra of all the films showed identical patterns, which indicated no major changes to have occurred in the functional groups as a result of interaction between gelatin, sugars and UV irradiation. The results of this study could be explored for commercial use, depending on industrial needs for either production of edible films or for food packaging purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Bhat
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang Malaysia
| | - A A Karim
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang Malaysia
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Ewe JA, Wan Abdullah WN, Bhat R, Karim AA, Liong MT. Enhanced growth of lactobacilli and bioconversion of isoflavones in biotin-supplemented soymilk upon ultrasound-treatment. Ultrason Sonochem 2012; 19:160-173. [PMID: 21775184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at utilizing ultrasound treatment to further enhance the growth of lactobacilli and their isoflavone bioconversion activities in biotin-supplemented soymilk. Strains of lactobacilli (Lactobacillus acidophilus BT 1088, L. fermentum BT 8219, L. acidophilus FTDC 8633, L. gasseri FTDC 8131) were treated with ultrasound (30 kHz, 100 W) at different amplitudes (20%, 60% and 100%) for 60, 120 and 180 s prior to inoculation and fermentation in biotin-soymilk. The treatment affected the fatty acids chain of the cellular membrane lipid bilayer, as shown by an increased lipid peroxidation (P<0.05). This led to increased membrane fluidity and subsequently, membrane permeability (P<0.05). The permeabilized cellular membranes had facilitated nutrient internalization and subsequent growth enhancement (P<0.05). Higher amplitudes and longer durations of the treatment promoted growth of lactobacilli in soymilk, with viable counts exceeding 9 log CFU/mL. The intracellular and extracellular β-glucosidase specific activities of lactobacilli were also enhanced (P<0.05) upon ultrasound treatment, leading to increased bioconversion of isoflavones in soymilk, particularly genistin and malonyl genistin to genistein. Results from this study show that ultrasound treatment on lactobacilli cells promotes (P<0.05) the β-glucosidase activity of cells for the benefit of enhanced (P<0.05) isoflavone glucosides bioconversion to bioactive aglycones in soymilk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Ann Ewe
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
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Uthumporn U, Shariffa YN, Karim AA. Hydrolysis of Native and Heat-Treated Starches at Sub-Gelatinization Temperature Using Granular Starch Hydrolyzing Enzyme. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 166:1167-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Bhat R, Kamaruddin NSBC, Min-Tze L, Karim AA. Sonication improves kasturi lime (Citrus microcarpa) juice quality. Ultrason Sonochem 2011; 18:1295-1300. [PMID: 21550834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Freshly squeezed kasturi lime fruit juice was sonicated (for 0, 30 and 60min at 20°C, 25kHz frequency) to evaluate its impact on selected physico-chemical and antioxidant properties, such as pH, °Brix, titratable acidity, Hunter color values (L(∗), a(∗), b(∗)), ascorbic acid, DPPH radical scavenging activity, total phenolics, antioxidant capacity, flavonoids and flavonols. Additionally, the effect of sonication treatments on the microbial load (TPC, yeast and mold) were also evaluated. Sonication of juice samples for 60min showed enhancement in most of the bioactive compounds compared to samples treated for 30min and control samples (untreated). Significant reductions in the microbial load corresponding to sonication time were also recorded. Results of the present study indicate that sonication may be employed as a suitable technique for kasturi lime juice processing, where antioxidant and other bioactive compound retention or enhancement is desired, along with the achievement of safety and quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Bhat
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
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Annegowda HV, Bhat R, Min-Tze L, Karim AA, Mansor SM. Influence of sonication treatments and extraction solvents on the phenolics and antioxidants in star fruits. J Food Sci Technol 2011; 49:510-4. [PMID: 23904662 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-011-0435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to examine the effects of sonication treatments (time intervals of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min.) on phenolics and other antioxidant compounds in starfruits extracted in methanol and water. Overall, methanolic extracts exhibited significantly higher extractability, percentage inhibition of DPPH radicals, ferric reducing antioxidant property (FRAP) value, antioxidant capacity, flavonoids, total phenolics and tannins (p < 0.05) compared to control (0 min) and aqueous extracts. Methanolic extract obtained after 30 min of sonication proved to be the best treatment with regard to various parameters evaluated. Results of the present study clearly indicated sonication treatments to be effective in enhancing the antioxidant compounds in starfruit extracts and could be further explored for commercial purposes to benefit the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H V Annegowda
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800 Malaysia
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Voon HC, Bhat R, Easa AM, Liong MT, Karim AA. Effect of Addition of Halloysite Nanoclay and SiO2 Nanoparticles on Barrier and Mechanical Properties of Bovine Gelatin Films. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-010-0461-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
The direct consumption of vegetable proteins in food products has been increasing over the years because of animal diseases, global shortage of animal protein, strong demand for wholesome and religious (halal) food, and economic reasons. The increasing importance of legume and oilseed proteins in the manufacturing of various functional food products is due to their high-protein contents. However, the greatest obstacle to utilizing these legumes and oilseeds is the presence of antinutrients; but these antinutrients can be successfully removed or inactivated by employing certain processing methods. In contrast, the potential negative impact of the antinutrients is partially balanced by the fact that they may have a health-promoting role. Legumes and oilseeds provide well-balanced amino acid profiles when consumed with cereals. Soybean proteins, wheat gluten, cottonseed proteins, and other plant proteins have been used for texturization. Texturized vegetable proteins can extend meat products while providing an economical, functional, and high-protein food ingredient or can be consumed directly as a meat analog. Meat analogs are successful because of their healthy image (cholesterol free), meat-like texture, and low cost. Mycoprotein is fungal in origin and is used as a high-protein, low-fat, health-promoting food ingredient. Mycoprotein has a good taste and texture. Texturized vegetable proteins and a number of mycoprotein products are accepted as halal foods. This article summarizes information regarding the molecular, nutritional, and functional properties of alternative protein sources to meat and presents current knowledge to encourage further research to optimize the beneficial effects of alternative protein sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Asgar
- Author Asgar is with Dept. of Crop Science and Technology, Univ. of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Authors Asgar, Fazilah, Huda, Bhat, and Karim are with Food Biopolymer Group, School of Industrial Technology, Univ. Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia. Direct inquiries to author Karim (E-mail: )
| | - A Fazilah
- Author Asgar is with Dept. of Crop Science and Technology, Univ. of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Authors Asgar, Fazilah, Huda, Bhat, and Karim are with Food Biopolymer Group, School of Industrial Technology, Univ. Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia. Direct inquiries to author Karim (E-mail: )
| | - Nurul Huda
- Author Asgar is with Dept. of Crop Science and Technology, Univ. of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Authors Asgar, Fazilah, Huda, Bhat, and Karim are with Food Biopolymer Group, School of Industrial Technology, Univ. Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia. Direct inquiries to author Karim (E-mail: )
| | - Rajeev Bhat
- Author Asgar is with Dept. of Crop Science and Technology, Univ. of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Authors Asgar, Fazilah, Huda, Bhat, and Karim are with Food Biopolymer Group, School of Industrial Technology, Univ. Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia. Direct inquiries to author Karim (E-mail: )
| | - A A Karim
- Author Asgar is with Dept. of Crop Science and Technology, Univ. of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Authors Asgar, Fazilah, Huda, Bhat, and Karim are with Food Biopolymer Group, School of Industrial Technology, Univ. Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia. Direct inquiries to author Karim (E-mail: )
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Bhat R, Karim AA. Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack): a review on its ethnobotany and pharmacological importance. Fitoterapia 2010; 81:669-79. [PMID: 20434529 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 04/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Eurycoma longifolia Jack is an herbal medicinal plant of South-East Asian origin, popularly recognized as 'Tongkat Ali.' The plant parts have been traditionally used for its antimalarial, aphrodisiac, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial and anti-pyretic activities, which have also been proved scientifically. The plant parts are rich in various bioactive compounds (like eurycomaoside, eurycolactone, eurycomalactone, eurycomanone, and pasakbumin-B) among which the alkaloids and quassinoids form a major portion. Even though toxicity and safety evaluation studies have been pursued, still a major gap exists in providing scientific base for commercial utilization and clearance of the Tongkat Ali products with regard to consumer's safety. The present review aims at reviewing the research works undertaken till date, on this plant in order to provide sufficient baseline information for future works and for commercial exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Bhat
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
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Bhat R, Karim AA. Effect of ionizing radiation on some quality attributes of nutraceutically valued lotus seeds. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009; 60 Suppl 4:9-20. [DOI: 10.1080/09637480802241626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bhat R, Kiran K, Arun AB, Karim AA. Determination of Mineral Composition and Heavy Metal Content of Some Nutraceutically Valued Plant Products. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-009-9107-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Karim
- Queens Park Hospital, Blackburn, UK.
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Bhat R, Khalil HPSA, Karim AA. Exploring the antioxidant potential of lignin isolated from black liquor of oil palm waste. C R Biol 2009; 332:827-31. [PMID: 19748457 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the potential antioxidant activity of lignin obtained from black liquor, a hazardous waste product generated during the extraction of palm oil. Antioxidant potential of the extracted lignin was evaluated by dissolving the extracted samples in 2 different solvent systems, namely, 2-methoxy ethanol and DMSO. Results revealed high percent inhibition of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical in the lignin sample dissolved in 2-methoxy ethanol over DMSO (concentration range of 1-100 microg/ml). Lignin extracted in 2-methoxy ethanol exhibited higher inhibition percentage (at 50 microg/ml, 84.2%), whereas a concentration of 100 microg/ml was found to be effective in the case of the DMSO solvent (69.8%). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry revealed that the functional groups from the extracted lignin and commercial lignin were highly similar, indicating the purity of the lignin extracted from black liquor. These results provide a strong basis for further applications of lignin in the food industry and also illustrate an eco-friendly approach to utilize oil palm black liquor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Bhat
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Minden, Malaysia.
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Karim AA, Sufha EH, Zaidul ISM. Dual modification of starch via partial enzymatic hydrolysis in the granular state and subsequent hydroxypropylation. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56:10901-10907. [PMID: 18975963 DOI: 10.1021/jf8015442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effect of enzymatic pretreatment on the degree of corn and mung bean starch derivatization by propylene oxide was investigated. The starch was enzymatically treated in the granular state with a mixture of fungal alpha-amylase and glucoamylase at 35 degrees C for 16 h and then chemically modified to produce enzyme-hydrolyzed-hydroxypropyl (HP) starch. Partial enzyme hydrolysis of starch in the granular state appeared to enhance the subsequent hydroxypropylation, as judged from the significant increase in the molar substitution. A variable degree of granule modification was obtained after enzyme hydrolysis, and one of the determinants of the modification degree appeared to be the presence of natural pores in the granules. Enzyme-hydrolyzed-HP starch exhibited significantly different functional properties compared to hydroxypropyl starch prepared from untreated (native) starch. It is evident that the dual modification of starch using this approach provides a range of functional properties that can be customized for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Karim
- Food Biopolymer Science Research Group, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
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Lai LN, Karim AA, Norziah MH, Seow CC. Effects of Na2CO3 and NaOH on Retrogradation of Selected Native Cereal Starches Studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. J Food Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb06330.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Al-Arabi AM, Rahim SI, Al-Bar AA, AbuMadiny MS, Karim AA. Validity of self-reporting questionnaire and Rahim Anxiety Depression Scale. Saudi Med J 1999; 20:711-716. [PMID: 27645595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Al-Arabi
- Ministry of Health, Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Abdel Hafeiz HB, Al-Quorain A, Karim AA, Al-Mangoor S. The psychopathology of duodenal ulcer compared with functional dyspepsia: a case-control study. Saudi J Gastroenterol 1999; 5:18-22. [PMID: 19864755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a prospective study of the psychiatric morbidity in 80 patients with duodenal ulcer, 80 with functional dyspepsia and 80 healthy controls; matched for age, sex and marital status. A semi structured psychiatric interview and clinical mental state examination were used in the psychiatric assessment of the patients and controls. Psychiatric diagnoses were made according to DSM3-R. A modified version of Life Events Scale by Tennant and Andrews was used in the assessment of life events in relation to psychiatric illness. Psychiatric illness was significantly more in the patients than the controls. Anxiety and depressive disorders dominated the clinical picture and the symptoms were usually of mild nature. Other neurotic were rare and psychotic illness was absent. Though more psychiatric patients experienced life events than the controls, differences, however were not statistically significant. Further studies are needed, especially in relation to the causative association between the functional dyspepsia and psychiatric disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Abdel Hafeiz
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Abdel Hafeiz HB, Al Quorain A, Karim AA, Al-Mangoor S. Life event stress in duodenal ulcer compared with functional dyspepsia: a case-control study. Saudi J Gastroenterol 1997; 3:84-9. [PMID: 19864799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a prospective study of life event stress in 80 duodenal ulcer patients compared with 80 patients with functional dyspepsia and 80 healthy controls; matched for age, sex and marital status. A semi structured psychiatric interview was used in the psychiatric assessment of the dyspeptic patients and controls. A modified version of Life Events Scale by Tennant and Andrews was used in the assessment of life event stress. More dyspeptic patients reported life events than the controls, but, on the whole, the differences were not statistically significant. On the other hand, more patients with functional dyspepsia experienced life events than the patients with duodenal ulcer, but again the results were not consistent. Life event stress as measured by the experience of undesirable life events was significantly reported by more patients with functional dyspepsia. The significance of the presence of life events in duodenal ulcer and functional dyspepsia patients is not substantiated in the present study, as the positive findings were few and sometimes inconsistent. More quantitative studies are needed, taking into consideration the other aspects of the problem like personality, cognition and the complex interaction of stressors and personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Abdel Hafeiz
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the possible relationship between life-events stress and functional dyspepsia. DESIGN Prospective and case-control study. Exclusion of obvious organic disease for the dyspepsia. METHODS Life-events stress scale; derived from life-events scale by Tennant and Andrews. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and abdominal sonography. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the patients and controls in relation to the number and categories of life events. Significant differences, however, were noticed in relation to experiencing individual life events, but the interpretation of these differences is not clear-cut, as they were present in both patients and controls. CONCLUSION The question of the relationship between the stress and functional dyspepsia remains unresolved and further quantitative studies are needed before reaching a final conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Hafeiz
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Karim AA, Haridi AA, el Rayah EA. The environmental impacts of four insecticides on non-target organisms in the Gezira Irrigation Scheme canals of Sudan. J Trop Med Hyg 1985; 88:161-8. [PMID: 2411946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The toxic effects of the insecticides endosulfan, decamethrin, dimethoate and dursban on the aquatic fauna of some of the Gezira irrigation canals were studied. The animal groups selected were fishes, arthropods and snails. Endosulfan was found to be highly toxic, particularly to Gambusia affinis, under field and laboratory conditions. All animals proved to be less sensitive to decamethrin in the field probably because this insecticide reacted with the organic matter and hence its toxicity was reduced. However in the laboratory it proved to be the most toxic chemical to all organisms probably because of the presence of the solvent in the emulsifiable concentrate formulation. The third insecticide, dimethoate had a very low toxicity to all organisms in the field or in the laboratory. Similarly dursban had a lower toxicity to fish than endosulfan under laboratory conditions, but higher toxicity to arthropods and snails. In the field the highest mortality among fish was obtained when dursban was mixed with endosulfan. For all insecticides, fish were the least tolerant of all animals tested, followed by arthropods and then molluscs.
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Abstract
Administration of pentagastrin in depot form to 20 pregnant bitches produced pyloric hypertrophy in about 28% and gastroduodenal ulceration in about 16% of their pups. The two lesions were not necessarily found in the same individuals. Histological appearances of the pylorus in affected pups closely resembled those of human infantile pyloric stenosis.
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Karim AA, Morrison JE, Parks TG. Proceedings: The role of pentagastrin in the production of canine hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and pyloroduodenal ulceration. Br J Surg 1974; 61:327. [PMID: 4832665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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