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Looby A, Davies H, Mealing S, Smith AB, Avey B, Laezza A, Crossland A, Lane EF, Ridler M, Cawson M. Time trade-off study to establish utility decrements in individuals with a spinal cord injury who perform intermittent catheterisation. J Med Econ 2023; 26:430-440. [PMID: 36892952 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2023.2189395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To generate utility decrements for three attributes associated with catheterisation for individuals with a spinal cord injury (SCI): the process of catheterisation, the physical impact of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and worry associated with hospitalisation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Health state vignettes comprising various levels of the three attributes were developed. Two cohorts of respondents, corresponding to people with SCIs and a sample broadly representative of the UK population, were presented with nine vignettes (three vignettes for the mild, moderate and severe health states in addition to a random set of six vignettes). It was assumed no or a nominal decrement was associated with the mild health state. Utility decrements were derived from analysing the data obtained from the online time trade-off (TTO). A proportion of the SCI cohort (n = 57) also completed the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. RESULTS Utility decrements were generated using statistical models for the general population (n = 358), the SCI population (n = 48) and the two populations combined (merged model, n = 406). Results from the two cohorts showed minimal differences. For the merged model, SCI status was not statistically significant. All interaction terms, excluding SCI and the severe level of the physical attribute, were not statistically significant. Compared to the mild level, the greatest utility decrement calculated was the severe level of the emotional (worry) attribute (0.09, p < 0.001) for the SCI population. A significant decrement of 0.02 (p <0.001) was calculated for the moderate level of the emotional attribute for all models. The mean utility score for those with SCI having completed the EQ-5D-5L was 0.371. LIMITATIONS Modest sample size of respondents from the SCI population (n = 48). CONCLUSIONS Worry associated with hospitalisation had the greatest impact on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The catheterisation process, such as the lubrication and repositioning of the catheter, also impacted on patients' HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Looby
- York Health Economics Consortium
| | - H Davies
- York Health Economics Consortium
| | | | | | - B Avey
- York Health Economics Consortium
| | | | | | - E F Lane
- York Health Economics Consortium
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2
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Smith AB, Kissling M, Capuano AM, Lewis SB, Mooney TA. Aerial hearing thresholds and ecoacoustics of a threatened pursuit-diving seabird, the marbled murrelet Brachyramphus marmoratus. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2023. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
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O’Kane D, Davis L, Ardern-Jones M, Laws P, Shaw L, Cork M, Velangi S, Cooper HL, Hudson R, Smith AB, Rout R. Treatment outcomes of patients with Atopic Dermatitis (AD) treated with dupilumab through the Early Access to Medicines Scheme (EAMS) in the UK. Ulster Med J 2021; 90:70-76. [PMID: 34276083 PMCID: PMC8278937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody against interleukin (IL)-4 receptor alpha that inhibits IL-4/IL-13 signalling is indicated in dermatology for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in adult and adolescent patients 12 years and older and severe AD in children 6-11 years, who are candidates for systemic therapy. Dupilumab received Early Access to Medicines Scheme (EAMS) approval for adults in March 2017. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy outcomes of treatment with dupilumab in EAMS. METHODS A retrospective analysis of adult patients enrolled in the dupilumab EAMS in the UK. Scores were assessed at baseline and follow up, including the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), Investigator's Global Assessment Score (IGA) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). RESULTS Data were available for 57 adult patients treated with dupilumab for at least 12 weeks; 73.6% of patients had received prior treatment with 3 or 4 immunosuppressants. Baseline scores for the EASI and DLQI were 27.93 (standard deviation, SD 13.09) and 18.26 (SD 6.18) respectively. AD severity scores showed statistically significant improvement at week 16±4 weeks (p <0.001 for all). The mean change in EASI was 14.13 points with 66.7% and 36.7% achieving a 50% (EASI-50) and 75% (EASI-75) improvement in EASI, respectively at 16+/- 4 weeks. IGA scores improved by at least two categories for 75% patients. DLQI scores decreased by a mean of 9.0 points, with 80% patients demonstrating a MCID 4-point improvement. For 85% patients, clinicians rated the treatment response as being either 'better' (19%) or 'much better' (65%). CONCLUSIONS Dupilumab is associated with a significant and clinically relevant improvements in AD as measured by patient- and physician-reported outcome measures. Importantly, the clinical efficacy, despite the refractory disease of this EAMS cohort, is comparable to that previously reported in clinical trials.
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Breyton M, Smith AB, Rouquette A, Mancini J. Cancer information overload and multiple prevention behaviors. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Many people feel overwhelmed by the increasing amount of cancer-related material available in the information environment. Our aims was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the brief version of the cancer information overload (CIO) scale and to examine the association between CIO and multiple cancer prevention behaviors.
Methods
A large survey using a self-administered online questionnaire was proposed to all adult members of the Seintinelles, a French national non-profit organization. The psychometric properties of the CIO scale were evaluated. Measurement invariance across French and English languages was studied using an additional sample of 224 Australian cancer survivors from Register4. We also collected functional, communicative, and critical health literacy (FCCHL), deprivation (EPICES index), current smoking, alcohol misuse, frequent sunburns, and rare skin self-examination.
Results
Between June 16th and 30th 2016, 2 363 French participants answered the online questionnaire. The five-item CIO scale demonstrated the best balance between psychometric properties and number of items. It showed satisfactory internal consistency and adequate fit. No measurement invariance issue was found across age, gender, education level, and language groups.
CIO was increased among people with higher deprivation, lower education and a cancer information avoidant profile. In multivariate analyses, CIO was associated with tobacco use (OR = 1.05, 95%CI [1.00-1.10]), rare skin checks (OR = 1.05 [1.01-1.08]) and frequent sunburns (OR = 1.04 [1.01-1.07]), but not with alcohol misuse.
Conclusions
The 5-item CIO scale is ready to be used in French and English-speaking countries. The links observed between CIO and multiple prevention behaviors encourage further research in order to better characterize the psycho-cognitive and environmental phenomena at play. Efforts are needed to communicate adequately and empower citizens to limit the growing burden of cancer.
Key messages
The 5-item CIO scale is ready to be used in French and English-speaking countries. Efforts are needed to communicate adequately and empower citizens to limit the growing burden of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Breyton
- SESSTIM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, Marseille, France
- Public Health Department, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - A B Smith
- CONCERT, UNSW, Liverpool, Australia
- PoCoG, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Rouquette
- Public Health and Epidemiology Department, AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- CESP, INSERM, Univ Paris-Saclay, Univ Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - J Mancini
- SESSTIM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, Marseille, France
- Public Health Department, APHM, Marseille, France
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5
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Evans ME, Lester CD, Smith AJ, Smith AB. Dos and don'ts of writing for Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 58:383-384. [PMID: 32139145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M E Evans
- British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, c/o Elsevier Ltd..
| | - C D Lester
- British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, c/o Elsevier Ltd
| | - A J Smith
- British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, c/o Elsevier Ltd
| | - A B Smith
- British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, c/o Elsevier Ltd
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Sharpe L, Turner J, Fardell JE, Thewes B, Smith AB, Gilchrist J, Beith J, Girgis A, Tesson S, Day S, Grunewald K, Butow P. Psychological intervention (ConquerFear) for treating fear of cancer recurrence: mediators and moderators of treatment efficacy. J Cancer Surviv 2019; 13:695-702. [PMID: 31347010 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-019-00788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE ConquerFear is an efficacious intervention for fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) that demonstrated greater improvements than an attention control (relaxation training) in a randomized controlled trial. This study aimed to determine mediators and moderators of the relative treatment efficacy of ConquerFear versus relaxation. METHODS One hundred and fifty-two cancer survivors completed 5 therapy sessions and outcome measures before and after intervention and at 6 months' follow-up. We examined theoretically relevant variables as potential mediators and moderators of treatment outcome. We hypothesized that metacognitions and intrusions would moderate and mediate the relationship between treatment group and FCR level at follow-up. RESULTS Only total FCR score at baseline moderated treatment outcome. Participants with higher levels of FCR benefited more from ConquerFear relative to relaxation on the primary outcome. Changes in metacognitions and intrusive thoughts about cancer during treatment partially mediated the relationship between treatment group and FCR. CONCLUSIONS These results show that ConquerFear is relatively more effective than relaxation for those with overall higher levels of FCR. The mediation analyses confirmed that the most likely mechanism of treatment efficacy was the reduction in unhelpful metacognitions and intrusive thoughts during treatment, consistent with the theoretical framework underpinning ConquerFear. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS ConquerFear is a brief, effective treatment for FCR in cancer survivors with early-stage disease. The treatment works by reducing intrusive thoughts about cancer and changing beliefs about worry and is particularly helpful for people with moderate to severe FCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Sharpe
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Brennan MacCallum (A18), Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - J Turner
- Mental Health Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Australia
| | - J E Fardell
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital and School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Saint Lucia, Australia
| | - B Thewes
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Brennan MacCallum (A18), Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Department Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - A B Smith
- Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - J Gilchrist
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Breast Cancer Institute, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | - J Beith
- Psycho-Oncology Co-operative Research Group (PoCoG), University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Missenden Rd., Camperdown, Australia
| | - A Girgis
- Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Tesson
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Brennan MacCallum (A18), Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - S Day
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Brennan MacCallum (A18), Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - K Grunewald
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Brennan MacCallum (A18), Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - P Butow
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Brennan MacCallum (A18), Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Psycho-Oncology Co-operative Research Group (PoCoG), University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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7
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Mitchell DA, Kanatas A, Murphy C, Chengot P, Smith AB, Ong TK. Margins and survival in oral cancer. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 56:820-829. [PMID: 30220612 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the surgical management of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) we aim to resect the tumour with clear margins in all planes. The aim of this study was to identify and compare overall survival in a group of 591 patients who had resections, and to relate this to the clearance of margins at the tumour bed. We used life tables to calculate survival at one, two, three, five, and 10 years after diagnosis by margin (clear=5mm or more; close=2-5mm; and involved=less than 2mm). Kaplan-Meier curves were produced for the margins alone, which were defined as clear in 480 patients (81%), close in 63 (11%), and involved in 48 (8%). Five-year survival was 81%, 75%, and 54% for clear, close, and involved margins, respectively, which highlights the importance of clear margins for survival. There is a significant prognostic implication associated with close, and particularly with involved, margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Mitchell
- Oral, Maxillofacial/Head & Neck Surgeon, Leeds South and East Clinical Commissioning Group.
| | | | | | - P Chengot
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathologist, Leeds Teaching Hospitals and St James Institute of Oncology.
| | - A B Smith
- York Health Economics Consortium, University of York.
| | - T K Ong
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon/Head and Neck Surgeon, Leeds Teaching Hospitals.
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Smith
- University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NQ, UK.
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Verrill M, Wardley A, Retzler J, Smith AB, McNicol D, Dando S, Tran I, Leslie I, Schmid P. Abstract P6-12-14: Quality of life and ability to work in patients at different disease stages of HER2+ breast cancer. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p6-12-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and ability to work in patients treated for HER2+ early breast cancer (EBC) are poorly understood. This study compared HRQoL and ability to work in 3 HER2+ patient cohorts: EBC during adjuvant treatment, EBC after treatment, and metastatic disease (MBC).
METHODS: A cross-sectional observational cohort study of 299 female consenting patients with HER2+BC, from 14 UK secondary care centres. Group1 (n=89): receiving targeted HER2 therapy±chemotherapy for EBC; Group2 (n=108): in follow up post-targeted treatment for eBC; Group3 (n=102): MBC on treatment. Data collected between Dec 2016-Mar 2017: HRQoL, demographic and employment status data collected via patient-reported questionnaires (including EQ-5D-5L and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy [FACT-B]); clinical data collected from medical records. Inter-group differences were assessed using univariate Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square tests as appropriate. [NCT03099200].
RESULTS: Table1 shows patient demographics, disease characteristics, employment status, and EQ-5D-5L scores. Group1 and Group2 patients did not differ in overall health utility or visual analogue scale (VAS) scores. However, Group3 patients reported significantly poorer health utility than Group1 (p<0.02) and Group2 (p<0.001), and significantly worse VAS scores than Group2 (p<0.001). Significantly fewer Group2 patients and more Group3 patients were unable to work (p<0.003), and fewer Group3 patients were employed than expected (by chi-square, p<0.003).
CONCLUSIONS: HRQoL in patients with EBC was similar whether on or off treatment, and better than those with MBC. HRQoL scores reported on the generic EQ-5D will be compared with those from the disease-specific FACT-B. A smaller proportion of patients with MBC were employed compared to the EBC groups, reflecting the impact of advanced disease. Fewer patients with EBC reported being unable to work than we expected, suggesting these patients maintain function.
Table1
Group1 (n=89)Group2 (n=108)Group3 (n=102)Age (years)↑55 (11)58 (11)55 (11)Hormone receptor status¥Positive64 (72%)84 (78%)74 (73%)Negative25 (28%)24 (22%)26 (26%)Unknown0 (0%)0 (0%)2 (2%)Time since diagnosis (months)+EBC9 (6)45 (32) (n=103)80 (82) (n=71*)MBC--39 (36) (n=101)Employment status¥Employed45 (51%)55 (51%)28 (28%)§Not employed41 (46%)52 (48%)69 (68%)Retired22 (25%)39 (36%)33 (32%)Unable to work7 (8%)5 (5%)§27 (27%)§Other12 (14%)8 (7%)9 (9%)Unknown3 (3%)1 (1%)5 (5%)EQ-5D summary scoresVisual analogue scale72.7 (18.4)†77.0 (17.5)†65.8 (22.9)† (n=99)Utility value0.809 (0.170)† (n=86)0.818 (0.181)†0.695 (0.262)† (n=97)↑mean (standard deviation); ¥n (%); +median (interquartile range); *excludes 27/102 patients (27%) with de novo MBC. Bold text: observed differences between three groups at significance thresholds of ‡p<0.05, §p<0.003 or †p<0.001. EBC/MBC: early/metastatic breast cancer. %s have been rounded so may not total 100%
Citation Format: Verrill M, Wardley A, Retzler J, Smith AB, McNicol D, Dando S, Tran I, Leslie I, Schmid P. Quality of life and ability to work in patients at different disease stages of HER2+ breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-12-14.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Verrill
- The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation, Newcastle, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; York Health Economics Consortium, York, United Kingdom; pH Associates Ltd (an Open Health Company), Marlow, United Kingdom; Roche Products Ltd, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Wardley
- The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation, Newcastle, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; York Health Economics Consortium, York, United Kingdom; pH Associates Ltd (an Open Health Company), Marlow, United Kingdom; Roche Products Ltd, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Retzler
- The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation, Newcastle, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; York Health Economics Consortium, York, United Kingdom; pH Associates Ltd (an Open Health Company), Marlow, United Kingdom; Roche Products Ltd, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - AB Smith
- The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation, Newcastle, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; York Health Economics Consortium, York, United Kingdom; pH Associates Ltd (an Open Health Company), Marlow, United Kingdom; Roche Products Ltd, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - D McNicol
- The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation, Newcastle, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; York Health Economics Consortium, York, United Kingdom; pH Associates Ltd (an Open Health Company), Marlow, United Kingdom; Roche Products Ltd, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Dando
- The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation, Newcastle, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; York Health Economics Consortium, York, United Kingdom; pH Associates Ltd (an Open Health Company), Marlow, United Kingdom; Roche Products Ltd, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - I Tran
- The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation, Newcastle, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; York Health Economics Consortium, York, United Kingdom; pH Associates Ltd (an Open Health Company), Marlow, United Kingdom; Roche Products Ltd, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - I Leslie
- The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation, Newcastle, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; York Health Economics Consortium, York, United Kingdom; pH Associates Ltd (an Open Health Company), Marlow, United Kingdom; Roche Products Ltd, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - P Schmid
- The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation, Newcastle, United Kingdom; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; York Health Economics Consortium, York, United Kingdom; pH Associates Ltd (an Open Health Company), Marlow, United Kingdom; Roche Products Ltd, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Diffey
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Biometrics; University of Wollongong; Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | - A. B. Smith
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Biometrics; University of Wollongong; Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | - A. H. Welsh
- Mathematical Sciences Institute; Australian National University; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
| | - B. R. Cullis
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Biometrics; University of Wollongong; Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
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11
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Dickins DW, Bentall RP, Smith AB. The Role of Individual Stimulus Names in The Emergence of Equivalence Relations: The Effects of Interpolated Paired-Associates Training of Discordant Associations Between Names. Psychol Rec 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03395908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Smith
- York Health Economics Consortium, Ltd., Enterprise House, Innovation Way, University of York, York YO10 5NQ, United Kingdom.
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13
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Heiniger LE, Smith AB, Olver I, Grimison P, Klein B, Wootten A, Abbott JAM, Price MA, McJannett M, Tran B, Stockler MR, Gurney H, Butow PN. e-TC: Development and pilot testing of a web-based intervention to reduce anxiety and depression in survivors of testicular cancer. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2017; 26. [PMID: 28544085 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
e-TC is an online intervention designed to address common psychosocial concerns of testicular cancer survivors. It aims to reduce anxiety, depression and fear of cancer recurrence by providing evidence-based information and psychological intervention. This paper details the development and pilot testing of e-TC. During pilot testing, 25 men (with varying psychological profiles) who had completed treatment for testicular cancer, 6 months to 5 years ago (which had not recurred), used e-TC over a 10-week period and provided quantitative and qualitative feedback on the feasibility and acceptability of the programme. Six men also completed a qualitative interview to provide detailed feedback on their experiences using e-TC. Fourteen men (56%) completed at least 80% of the programme. Participants reported a high level of satisfaction with the programme. Men's limited time was a barrier to programme use and completion, and participants suggested that men with a more recent diagnosis and a higher level of distress may be more likely to engage with the programme. e-TC appears to be a feasible and acceptable online intervention for survivors of testicular cancer. Findings from this study are currently being used to refine e-TC and guide the design of a larger efficacy study.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Heiniger
- Psycho-oncology Co-operative Research Group (PoCoG), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate (ANZUP) Cancer Trials Group, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-based Decision-making (CeMPED), School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A B Smith
- Psycho-oncology Co-operative Research Group (PoCoG), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate (ANZUP) Cancer Trials Group, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-based Decision-making (CeMPED), School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), The Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research & University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - I Olver
- Psycho-oncology Co-operative Research Group (PoCoG), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate (ANZUP) Cancer Trials Group, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Cancer Council Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - P Grimison
- Psycho-oncology Co-operative Research Group (PoCoG), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate (ANZUP) Cancer Trials Group, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - B Klein
- Centre for Biopsychosocial and eHealth Research and Innovation, Federation University, Ballarat, Vic., Australia.,National Institute for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - A Wootten
- Psycho-oncology Co-operative Research Group (PoCoG), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate (ANZUP) Cancer Trials Group, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Epworth Prostate Centre, Epworth, Vic., Australia
| | - J-A M Abbott
- Faculty of Health, Arts & Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Vic., Australia
| | - M A Price
- Psycho-oncology Co-operative Research Group (PoCoG), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate (ANZUP) Cancer Trials Group, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-based Decision-making (CeMPED), School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M McJannett
- Psycho-oncology Co-operative Research Group (PoCoG), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate (ANZUP) Cancer Trials Group, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - B Tran
- The Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate (ANZUP) Cancer Trials Group, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - M R Stockler
- Psycho-oncology Co-operative Research Group (PoCoG), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate (ANZUP) Cancer Trials Group, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia.,NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - H Gurney
- Psycho-oncology Co-operative Research Group (PoCoG), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate (ANZUP) Cancer Trials Group, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - P N Butow
- Psycho-oncology Co-operative Research Group (PoCoG), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate (ANZUP) Cancer Trials Group, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-based Decision-making (CeMPED), School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Okrent D, Loewenstein WB, Rossin AD, Smith AB, Zolotar BA, Kallfelz JM. Neutron-Energy Spectra for Fast Reactor Irradiation Effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt70-a28760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Okrent
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | | | - A. D. Rossin
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - A. B. Smith
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - B. A. Zolotar
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - J. M. Kallfelz
- Argonne National Laboratory and Georgia Institute of Technology
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A. B. Smith
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - J. F. Whalen
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
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Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Smith
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - P. T. Guenther
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - J. F. Whalen
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne, Illinois 60439
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Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Smith
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - J. F. Whalen
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - E. Barnard
- South African Atomic Energy Board, Pelindaba, Transvaal, Republic of South Africa, (Postal Address: Private Bag 256, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa)
| | - J. A. M. de Villiers
- South African Atomic Energy Board, Pelindaba, Transvaal, Republic of South Africa, (Postal Address: Private Bag 256, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa)
| | - D. Reitmann
- South African Atomic Energy Board, Pelindaba, Transvaal, Republic of South Africa, (Postal Address: Private Bag 256, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa)
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. B. Smith
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - J. F. Whalen
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
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Affiliation(s)
- W. P. Poenitz
- Argonne National Laboratory, Applied Physics Division 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - J. F. Whalen
- Argonne National Laboratory, Applied Physics Division 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - A. B. Smith
- Argonne National Laboratory, Applied Physics Division 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
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Guenther PT, Havel DG, Smith AB. Neutron Scattering and the Optical Model near A = 208 and Implications on the Inelastic Scattering Cross Section of Uranium-238. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse78-a27140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. T. Guenther
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - D. G. Havel
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - A. B. Smith
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne, Illinois 60439
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Smith
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | | | - J. F. Whalen
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Smith
- Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, Illinois 60439
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sugimoto
- Argonne National Laboratory, Engineering Physics Division 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - P. T. Guenther
- Argonne National Laboratory, Engineering Physics Division 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - J. E. Lynn
- Argonne National Laboratory, Engineering Physics Division 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - A. B. Smith
- Argonne National Laboratory, Engineering Physics Division 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - J. F. Whalen
- Argonne National Laboratory, Engineering Physics Division 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
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Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Smith
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | | | - P. Guenther
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - J. Whalen
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
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Affiliation(s)
- W. P. Poenitz
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - J. F. Whalen
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - P. Guenther
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - A. B. Smith
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- J. F. Whalen
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - A. B. Smith
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439
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Affiliation(s)
- J. P. Chien
- University of Michigan and Tsing Hua University Taiwan, China
| | - A. B. Smith
- Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, Illinois
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Hoole J, Kanatas A, Calvert A, Rogers SN, Smith AB, Mitchell DA. Validated questionnaires on intimacy in patients who have had cancer. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 53:584-93. [PMID: 26037739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Problems with intimacy in patients with cancer of the head and neck may not be recognised. Our aim was to review published papers on patient-reported outcomes that record concerns about intimacy, sex, and function, to help develop a tool for use in head and neck cancer. We specifically looked for instruments with evidence of validation in patients with cancer, which could be used to identify problems with intimacy and sexuality. After evaluating 2563 papers, we identified 20 that satisfied our inclusion criteria, and these have been presented in a tabulated form. This review has shown the need to develop a questionnaire on intimacy that is specific to patients with cancer of the head and neck. It is an important issue that must be addressed by clinical and research teams, and will be done most effectively if it is linked to specific interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hoole
- Lead Cancer Nurse and Psychosexual Therapist, Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust.
| | - A Kanatas
- Consultant Head and Neck Surgeon / Senior Lecturer, Leeds Teaching Hospitals and St James Institute of Oncology.
| | - A Calvert
- DFY2 in oral and maxillofacial surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds General Infirmary, LS1 3EX.
| | - S N Rogers
- Regional Maxillofacial Unit, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK.
| | - A B Smith
- York Health Economics Consortium Ltd, Level 2 Market Square, University of York, York, YO10 5NH, United Kingdom.
| | - D A Mitchell
- Consultant Oral/Maxillofacial & Head & Neck Surgeon, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.
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Lim L, Chantiluke K, Cubillo AI, Smith AB, Simmons A, Mehta MA, Rubia K. Disorder-specific grey matter deficits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder relative to autism spectrum disorder. Psychol Med 2015; 45:965-76. [PMID: 25229248 PMCID: PMC4413819 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714001974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are two common childhood disorders that exhibit genetic and behavioural overlap and have abnormalities in similar brain systems, in particular in frontal and cerebellar regions. This study compared the two neurodevelopmental disorders to investigate shared and disorder-specific structural brain abnormalities. METHOD Forty-four predominantly medication-naïve male adolescents with ADHD, 19 medication-naïve male adolescents with ASD and 33 age-matched healthy male controls were scanned using high-resolution T1-weighted volumetric imaging in a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to test for group-level differences in structural grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes. RESULTS There was a significant group difference in the GM of the right posterior cerebellum and left middle/superior temporal gyrus (MTG/STG). Post-hoc analyses revealed that this was due to ADHD boys having a significantly smaller right posterior cerebellar GM volume compared to healthy controls and ASD boys, who did not differ from each other. ASD boys had a larger left MTG/STG GM volume relative to healthy controls and at a more lenient threshold relative to ADHD boys. CONCLUSIONS The study shows for the first time that the GM reduction in the cerebellum in ADHD is disorder specific relative to ASD whereas GM enlargement in the MTG/STG in ASD may be disorder specific relative to ADHD. This study is a first step towards elucidating disorder-specific structural biomarkers for these two related childhood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Lim
- Department of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry,
King's College London, UK
- Department of Psychological Medicine,
Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National
University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - K. Chantiluke
- Department of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry,
King's College London, UK
| | - A. I. Cubillo
- Department of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry,
King's College London, UK
| | - A. B. Smith
- Department of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry,
King's College London, UK
| | - A. Simmons
- Department of Neuroimaging,
Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London,
UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London
and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM), London,
UK
| | - M. A. Mehta
- Department of Neuroimaging,
Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London,
UK
| | - K. Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry,
King's College London, UK
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Smith AB, Taylor M, Cocks K, Parry D. A Reliability Generalisation of the Eortc Qlq-Br23. Value Health 2014; 17:A571. [PMID: 27201905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M Taylor
- York Health Economics Consortium, York, UK
| | - K Cocks
- University of York, York, UK
| | - D Parry
- AstraZeneca UK, Macclesfield, UK
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Smith AB. Differential Item Functioning and the Eq-5d: Evidence From the Uk Hospital Episode Statistics. Value Health 2014; 17:A514. [PMID: 27201591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Juraskova I, Butow P, Bonner C, Bell ML, Smith AB, Seccombe M, Boyle F, Reaby L, Cuzick J, Forbes JF. Improving decision making about clinical trial participation - a randomised controlled trial of a decision aid for women considering participation in the IBIS-II breast cancer prevention trial. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1-7. [PMID: 24892447 PMCID: PMC4090720 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decision aids may improve informed consent in clinical trial recruitment, but have not been evaluated in this context. This study investigated whether decision aids (DAs) can reduce decisional difficulties among women considering participation in the International Breast Cancer Intervention Study-II (IBIS-II) trial. METHODS The IBIS-II trial investigated breast cancer prevention with anastrazole in two cohorts: women with increased risk (Prevention), and women treated for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Australia, New Zealand and United Kingdom participants were randomised to receive a DA (DA group) or standard trial consent materials (control group). Questionnaires were completed after deciding about participation in IBIS-II (post decision) and 3 months later (follow-up). RESULTS Data from 112 Prevention and 34 DCIS participants were analysed post decision (73 DA; 73 control); 95 Prevention and 24 DCIS participants were analysed at follow-up (58 DA; 61 control). There was no effect on the primary outcome of decisional conflict. The DCIS-DA group had higher knowledge post decision, and the Prevention-DA group had lower decisional regret at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This was the first study to evaluate a DA in the clinical trial setting. The results suggest DAs can potentially increase knowledge and reduce decisional regret about clinical trial participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Juraskova
- Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-based Decision-making (CeMPED), The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - P Butow
- Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-based Decision-making (CeMPED), The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - C Bonner
- Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-based Decision-making (CeMPED), The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - M L Bell
- Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-based Decision-making (CeMPED), The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - A B Smith
- Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-based Decision-making (CeMPED), The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - M Seccombe
- Australia and New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group, Australia University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2306, Australia
| | - F Boyle
- Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-based Decision-making (CeMPED), The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Australia and New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group, Australia University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2306, Australia
- Pam McLean Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - L Reaby
- Australia and New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group, Australia University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2306, Australia
| | - J Cuzick
- Cancer Research UK, Department of Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary College, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - J F Forbes
- Australia and New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group, Australia University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2306, Australia
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Cubillo A, Smith AB, Barrett N, Giampietro V, Brammer M, Simmons A, Rubia K. Drug-specific laterality effects on frontal lobe activation of atomoxetine and methylphenidate in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder boys during working memory. Psychol Med 2014; 44:633-646. [PMID: 23597077 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713000676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The catecholamine reuptake inhibitors methylphenidate (MPH) and atomoxetine (ATX) are the most common treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study compares the neurofunctional modulation and normalization effects of acute doses of MPH and ATX within medication-naive ADHD boys during working memory (WM). METHOD A total of 20 medication-naive ADHD boys underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a parametric WM n-back task three times, under a single clinical dose of either MPH, ATX or placebo in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. To test for normalization effects, brain activations in ADHD under each drug condition were compared with that of 20 age-matched healthy control boys. RESULTS Relative to healthy boys, ADHD boys under placebo showed impaired performance only under high WM load together with significant underactivation in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Both drugs normalized the performance deficits relative to controls. ATX significantly enhanced right DLPFC activation relative to MPH within patients, and significantly normalized its underactivation relative to controls. MPH, by contrast, both relative to placebo and ATX, as well as relative to controls, upregulated the left inferior frontal cortex (IFC), but only during 2-back. Both drugs enhanced fronto-temporo-striatal activation in ADHD relative to control boys and deactivated the default-mode network, which were negatively associated with the reduced DLPFC activation and performance deficits, suggesting compensation effects. CONCLUSIONS The study shows both shared and drug-specific effects. ATX upregulated and normalized right DLPFC underactivation, while MPH upregulated left IFC activation, suggesting drug-specific laterality effects on prefrontal regions mediating WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cubillo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A B Smith
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - N Barrett
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - V Giampietro
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Brammer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Simmons
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - K Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
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Belcher A, Epple G, Küderling I, Smith AB. Volatile components of scent material from cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus o. oedipus) : A chemical and behavioral study. J Chem Ecol 2013; 14:1367-84. [PMID: 24276286 DOI: 10.1007/bf01020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/1987] [Accepted: 07/20/1987] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The first chemical analysis of the volatile components of scent material from the cotton-top tamarin,Saguinus o. oedipus is presented. In contrast to our previous findings in saddle-back tamarins (Saguinus fuscicollis), the chemical composition of the scent marks is quite variable. Analysis of secretion expressed manually from different areas of the scent pads of sedated animals shows individual and regional variability. Only three components (squalene, cholesterol, andp-methoxybenzaldehyde) were found in all scent mark samples analyzed. However, suprapubic secretions obtained from one sedated female contained, in addition, 12 butyrate esters as well as five acetate esters which were homologous to the butyrates. The butyrate esters have been previously identified in scent material fromSaguinus fuscicollis. The variability of the composition of the scent material is discussed in relation to the scent-marking behavior of the cotton-top tamarins. Behavioral studies tested the ability of the cotton-top tamarins to discriminate between scent marks from conspecifics and scent marks from saddle-back tamarins. The group of 12 subjects discriminated between the scent marks from both species in choice tests during which they could freely contact the scent samples. However, when scent marks were presented under a screen, so that the subjects could smell but not contact the stimuli, no discrimination was shown. Four individuals displayed more interest in the screened scent stimuli than all other subjects. When these animals were tested in a second experiment for their ability to discriminate between material from the two species on the basis of only volatile cues, it became evident that they were able to do so. These results indicate that volatile cues alone enable the tamarins to recognize scent marks from conspecifics, but that additional cues perceived during contact with the scent are important for its full attractiveness and/or informational content.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Belcher
- German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 3400, Göttingen, Germany
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Scotece M, Gómez R, Conde J, Lopez V, Gómez-Reino JJ, Lago F, Smith AB, Gualillo O. Oleocanthal inhibits proliferation and MIP-1α expression in human multiple myeloma cells. Curr Med Chem 2013; 20:2467-75. [PMID: 23521677 DOI: 10.2174/0929867311320190006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy that causes devastating bone destruction by activating osteoclasts in the bone marrow milieu. MM is the second of all hematological malignancies. Thus, the search for new pharmacological weapons is under intensive investigation being MM a critically important public health goal. Recently, it has been demonstrated that macrophage inflammatory protein 1- alpha (MIP-1 α) is crucially involved in the development of osteolytic bone lesions in MM. Phenolic components of extra virgin olive oil are reported to have anti tumor activity. However, the underlying mechanisms and specific targets of extra virgin olive oil remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a recently isolated novel extra virgin olive oil polyphenol, oleocanthal, on the human multiple myeloma cell line ARH-77. Here we report that this natural compound has a remarkable in vitro activity by inhibiting MIP-1 α expression and secretion in MM cells. In addition, we also demonstrated that oleocanthal inhibits MM cells proliferation by inducing the activation of apoptosis mechanisms and by down-regulating ERK1/2 and AKT signal transduction pathways. This in vitro study suggests a therapeutic potential of oleocanthal in treating multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Scotece
- SERGAS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital Research Laboratory 9 (NEIRID LAB: Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Institute of Medical Research (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
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Childs THC, Smith AB. Effects of atmosphere on flank wear of high-speed steel tools used to turn medium-carbon steel in built-upedge conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/030716982803286188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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37
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Christakou A, Murphy CM, Chantiluke K, Cubillo AI, Smith AB, Giampietro V, Daly E, Ecker C, Robertson D, Murphy DG, Rubia K. Disorder-specific functional abnormalities during sustained attention in youth with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and with autism. Mol Psychiatry 2013; 18:236-44. [PMID: 22290121 PMCID: PMC3554878 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are often comorbid and share behavioural-cognitive abnormalities in sustained attention. A key question is whether this shared cognitive phenotype is based on common or different underlying pathophysiologies. To elucidate this question, we compared 20 boys with ADHD to 20 age and IQ matched ASD and 20 healthy boys using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a parametrically modulated vigilance task with a progressively increasing load of sustained attention. ADHD and ASD boys had significantly reduced activation relative to controls in bilateral striato-thalamic regions, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and superior parietal cortex. Both groups also displayed significantly increased precuneus activation relative to controls. Precuneus was negatively correlated with the DLPFC activation, and progressively more deactivated with increasing attention load in controls, but not patients, suggesting problems with deactivation of a task-related default mode network in both disorders. However, left DLPFC underactivation was significantly more pronounced in ADHD relative to ASD boys, which furthermore was associated with sustained performance measures that were only impaired in ADHD patients. ASD boys, on the other hand, had disorder-specific enhanced cerebellar activation relative to both ADHD and control boys, presumably reflecting compensation. The findings show that ADHD and ASD boys have both shared and disorder-specific abnormalities in brain function during sustained attention. Shared deficits were in fronto-striato-parietal activation and default mode suppression. Differences were a more severe DLPFC dysfunction in ADHD and a disorder-specific fronto-striato-cerebellar dysregulation in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Christakou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics and School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, London, UK
| | - C M Murphy
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK,Department of Forensic and Developmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - K Chantiluke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A I Cubillo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A B Smith
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - V Giampietro
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - E Daly
- Department of Forensic and Developmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C Ecker
- Department of Forensic and Developmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D Robertson
- Department of Forensic and Developmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - D G Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Developmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - K Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK,Department of Child Psychiatry/MRC Center for Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP), PO46, Institute of Psychiatry, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK. E-mail:
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Smith AB, Lattin GE, Berran P, Harcke HT. Common and expected postmortem CT observations involving the brain: mimics of antemortem pathology. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 33:1387-91. [PMID: 22492568 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Postmortem imaging with CT or MR is emerging as an effective technique to augment forensic autopsy. Expected findings on postmortem imaging of the brain may mimic pathologic processes in the living brain, leading to potential misdiagnosis. The purpose of this study is to describe the array of CT findings that can be expected to be present within the brain after death. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review was performed using an anonymized data base of 33 postmortem head CTs with no evidence of trauma to the face or scalp. Head CTs were assessed for 1) loss of gray-white differentiation, 2) effacement of the ventricles and cisterns, 3) postmortem intravascular blood distribution, 4) presence of intracranial or intravascular air, and 5) an irregular appearance of the falx. Imaging findings were correlated with autopsy findings. RESULTS Visualization of the basal ganglia was noted in 30 (91%) subjects, and the cortical ribbon was appreciated in 14 (42%). The ventricles and cisterns were effaced in 19 (58%) cases. An "expected postmortem blood distribution" was seen in 27 (82%) instances. Intravascular air was present in 14 cases (42%). A "lumpy" falx was present in 20 cases (61%). In 4 cases of subdural or subarachnoid hemorrhage noted on autopsy, but not on CT, retrospective review confirmed that a true discrepancy between the radiology and pathology findings persisted. CONCLUSIONS Recognition of expected postmortem patterns is required before pathology can be accurately diagnosed. A limitation of CT virtual autopsy is the possibility of missing small blood collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Smith
- Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Department of Radiologic Pathology, Washington, DC, USA.
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Kanatas AN, Smith AB, Mannion C, Ong TK, Mitchell DA. Delays in head and neck surgery-managers, theatre usage and suboptimal efficiency. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 51:e61-2. [PMID: 22497692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A N Kanatas
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Leeds Dental Institute, LS2 9LU, United Kingdom.
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Dawson PFL, Sharif MO, Smith AB, Brunton PA. A Clinical Study Comparing the Efficacy and Sensitivity of Home vs Combined Whitening. Oper Dent 2011; 36:460-6. [DOI: 10.2341/10-159-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
This randomized clinical study assessed efficacy in terms of color change and production of sensitivity after home whitening alone and home whitening supplemented with in-office bleaching. Thirty-six subjects (aged 19 to 58 years) were randomly assigned to one of three different treatment groups: (A) home whitening for two weeks, with 16% carbamide peroxide in custom-made trays; (B) home whitening for two weeks, with 16% carbamide peroxide in custom-made trays supplemented with in-office bleaching with 9% hydrogen peroxide (in the same trays); or (C) home whitening for two weeks, with 16% carbamide peroxide in custom-made trays supplemented with in-office bleaching with 27% hydrogen peroxide (in the same trays). The efficacy of tooth whitening was assessed by determining the color change associated with the six upper anterior teeth using a value-ordered shade guide. Sensitivity was self-assessed with the use of a visual analog scale (VAS). Tooth shade and sensitivity were assessed at the following points: pretreatment; immediately after the home whitening phase; immediately after the in-office phase (groups B and C); and one week post active treatment. At the one week follow-up visit, subjects in group A had a mean (SD) color change of 5.9 (1.83) (teeth were lighter) immediately after cessation of treatment (p<0.01). Subjects in groups B and C experienced a greater change in mean (SD) shade immediately following their respective in-office treatments of 5.1 (1.53) and 5.4 (1.55). However, within one week, the shade of these teeth regressed to a similar degree to that achieved by subjects treated in group A. Overall, no significant difference in shade change or sensitivity was produced between the three groups. Investigators concluded that the in-office element of combined whitening produced no significant difference in tooth color or sensitivity when compared with home whitening alone.
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Abstract
Feeding arms carrying coelomic extensions of the theca are thought to be unique to crinoids among stemmed echinoderms. However, a new two-armed echinoderm from the earliest Middle Cambrian of Spain displays a highly unexpected morphology. X-ray microtomographic analysis of its arms shows they are polyplated in their proximal part with a dorsal series of uniserial elements enclosing a large coelomic lumen. Distally, the arm transforms into the more standard biserial structure of a blastozoan brachiole. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that this taxon lies basal to rhombiferans as sister-group to pleurocystitid and glyptocystitid blastozoans, drawing those clades deep into the Cambrian. We demonstrate that Cambrian echinoderms show surprising variability in the way their appendages are constructed, and that the appendages of at least some blastozoans arose as direct outgrowths of the body in much the same way as the arms of crinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zamora
- Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK.
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Ballatore C, Brunden KR, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY, Smith AB, Huryn DM. Modulation of protein-protein interactions as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative tauopathies. Curr Top Med Chem 2011; 11:317-30. [PMID: 21320060 PMCID: PMC3069499 DOI: 10.2174/156802611794072605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The recognition that malfunction of the microtubule (MT) associated protein tau is likely to play a defining role in the onset and/or progression of a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, has resulted in the initiation of drug discovery programs that target this protein. Tau is an endogenous MT-stabilizing agent that is highly expressed in the axons of neurons. The MT-stabilizing function of tau is essential for the axonal transport of proteins, neurotransmitters and other cellular constituents. Under pathological conditions, tau misfolding and aggregation results in axonal transport deficits that appear to have deleterious consequences for the affected neurons, leading to synapse dysfunction and, ultimately, neuronal loss. This review focuses on both progress and unresolved issues surrounding the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of neurodegenerative tauopathies, which are based on (A) MT-stabilizing agents to compensate for the loss of normal tau function, and (B) small molecule inhibitors of tau aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ballatore
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA.
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Beeck CP, Cowling WA, Smith AB, Cullis BR. Analysis of yield and oil from a series of canola breeding trials. Part I. Fitting factor analytic mixed models with pedigree informationThis article is one of a selection of papers from the conference “Exploiting Genome-wide Association in Oilseed Brassicas: a model for genetic improvement of major OECD crops for sustainable farming”. Genome 2010; 53:992-1001. [DOI: 10.1139/g10-051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper multiplicative mixed models have been used for the analysis of multi-environment trial (MET) data for canola oil and grain yield. Information on pedigrees has been included to allow for the modelling of additive and nonadditive genetic effects. The MET data set included a total of 19 trials (synonymous with sites or environments), which were sown across southern Australia in 2007 and 2008. Each trial was designed as a p-rep design using DiGGeR with the default prespecified spatial model. Lines in their first year of testing were unreplicated, whereas there were two or three replications of advanced lines or varieties. Pedigree information on a total of 578 entries was available, and there were 69 entries that had unknown pedigrees. The degree of inbreeding varied from 0 (55 entries) to nearly fully inbred (337 entries). Subsamples of 2 g harvested grain were taken from each plot for determination of seed oil percentage by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. The MET analysis for both yield and oil modelled genetic effects in different trials using factor analytic models and the residual plot effects for each trial were modelled using spatial techniques. Models in which pedigree information was included provided significantly better fits to both yield and oil data.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. P. Beeck
- International Centre for Plant Breeding Education and Research, School of Plant Biology and The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Canola Breeders Western Australia Pty Ltd., 15/219 Canning Highway South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
- Industry & Investment NSW, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; and Adjunct Assoc. Prof., School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; and Mathematics Informatics and Statistics, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - W. A. Cowling
- International Centre for Plant Breeding Education and Research, School of Plant Biology and The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Canola Breeders Western Australia Pty Ltd., 15/219 Canning Highway South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
- Industry & Investment NSW, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; and Adjunct Assoc. Prof., School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; and Mathematics Informatics and Statistics, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - A. B. Smith
- International Centre for Plant Breeding Education and Research, School of Plant Biology and The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Canola Breeders Western Australia Pty Ltd., 15/219 Canning Highway South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
- Industry & Investment NSW, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; and Adjunct Assoc. Prof., School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; and Mathematics Informatics and Statistics, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - B. R. Cullis
- International Centre for Plant Breeding Education and Research, School of Plant Biology and The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Canola Breeders Western Australia Pty Ltd., 15/219 Canning Highway South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
- Industry & Investment NSW, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; and Adjunct Assoc. Prof., School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; and Mathematics Informatics and Statistics, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Gutiérrez Marco JC, Chauvel J, Meléndez B, Smith AB. Los equinodermos (Cystoidea. Homalozoa. Stelleroidea. Crinoidea) del Paleozoico Inferior de los Montes de Toledo y Sierra Morena (España). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3989/egeol.84405-6680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Lewis MM, Smith AB, Styner M, Gu H, Poole R, Zhu H, Li Y, Barbero X, Gouttard S, McKeown MJ, Mailman RB, Huang X. Asymmetrical lateral ventricular enlargement in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol 2009; 16:475-81. [PMID: 19187264 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02430.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent case report suggested the presence of asymmetrical lateral ventricular enlargement associated with motor asymmetry in Parkinson's disease (PD). The current study explored these associations further. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging (3T) scans were obtained on 17 PD and 15 healthy control subjects at baseline and 12-43 months later. Baseline and longitudinal lateral ventricular volumetric changes were compared between contralateral and ipsilateral ventricles in PD subjects relative to symptom onset side and in controls relative to their dominant hand. Correlations between changes in ventricular volume and United Parkinson's disease rating scale motor scores (UPDRS-III) whilst on medication were determined. RESULTS The lateral ventricle contralateral to symptom onset side displayed a faster rate of enlargement compared to the ipsilateral (P = 0.004) in PD subjects, with no such asymmetry detected (P = 0.312) in controls. There was a positive correlation between ventricular enlargement and worsening motor function assessed by UPDRS-III scores (r = 0.96, P < 0.001). DISCUSSION There is asymmetrical lateral ventricular enlargement that is associated with PD motor asymmetry and progression. Further studies are warranted to investigate the underlying mechanism(s), as well as the potential of using volumetric measurements as a marker for PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Lewis
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
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Abstract
The biodiversity scaling metrics widely studied in macroecology include the species-area relationship (SAR), the scale-dependent species-abundance distribution (SAD), the distribution of masses or metabolic energies of individuals within and across species, the abundance-energy or abundance-mass relationship across species, and the species-level occupancy distributions across space. We propose a theoretical framework for predicting the scaling forms of these and other metrics based on the state-variable concept and an analytical method derived from information theory. In statistical physics, a method of inference based on information entropy results in a complete macro-scale description of classical thermodynamic systems in terms of the state variables volume, temperature, and number of molecules. In analogy, we take the state variables of an ecosystem to be its total area, the total number of species within any specified taxonomic group in that area, the total number of individuals across those species, and the summed metabolic energy rate for all those individuals. In terms solely of ratios of those state variables, and without invoking any specific ecological mechanisms, we show that realistic functional forms for the macroecological metrics listed above are inferred based on information entropy. The Fisher log series SAD emerges naturally from the theory. The SAR is predicted to have negative curvature on a log-log plot, but as the ratio of the number of species to the number of individuals decreases, the SAR becomes better and better approximated by a power law, with the predicted slope z in the range of 0.14-0.20. Using the 3/4 power mass-metabolism scaling relation to relate energy requirements and measured body sizes, the Damuth scaling rule relating mass and abundance is also predicted by the theory. We argue that the predicted forms of the macroecological metrics are in reasonable agreement with the patterns observed from plant census data across habitats and spatial scales. While this is encouraging, given the absence of adjustable fitting parameters in the theory, we further argue that even small discrepancies between data and predictions can help identify ecological mechanisms that influence macroecological patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Harte
- Energy and Resources Group, University of California, 310 Barrows Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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Dasgupta D, Smith AB, Hamilton-Burke W, Prasad KR, Toogood GJ, Velikova G, Lodge JPA. Quality of life after liver resection for hepatobiliary malignancies. Br J Surg 2008; 95:845-54. [PMID: 18496887 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.6180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few prospective longitudinal studies have used a validated quality of life (QOL) instrument in patients undergoing liver resection for hepatobiliary malignancy. METHODS Patients undergoing liver resection for hepatobiliary tumours in a 1-year period were enrolled. The cancer-specific European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer core questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) was completed before operation, and at 6, 12 and 36-48 months after surgery. QOL over time was analysed in relation to several clinical factors. RESULTS A total of 103 patients were enrolled. Patient compliance was at least 75 per cent at all stages. Most functional scales and the global QOL scale showed a non-significant trend towards deterioration at 6 months and a return to preoperative level at 12 months. Physical functioning and dyspnoea deteriorated significantly at 6 months (P = 0.020 and P = 0.004 respectively) and did not recover by 12 months (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001 respectively). Pain and fatigue showed clinically significant deterioration over 12 months, which was not statistically significant. Survivors without recurrence at 36-48 months showed better QOL than those with recurrent disease. CONCLUSION Major liver resection is associated with acceptable QOL outcomes, and QOL continues to improve in the long term in those without recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dasgupta
- Department of HPB and Transplant Surgery, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
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Littlewood DTJ, Smith AB, Clough KA, Emson RH. The interrelationships of the echinoderm classes: morphological and molecular evidence. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1997.tb01799.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Li GD, Lodge GM, Moore GA, Craig AD, Dear BS, Boschma SP, Albertsen TO, Miller SM, Harden S, Hayes RC, Hughes SJ, Snowball R, Smith AB, Cullis BC. Evaluation of perennial pasture legumes and herbs to identify species with high herbage production and persistence in mixed farming zones in southern Australia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1071/ea07108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ninety-one perennial legumes and herbs (entries) from 47 species in 21 genera were evaluated at sites in New South Wales, South Australia and Western Australia over 3 years from 2002 to 2005 to identify plants with superior herbage production, persistence and the potential to reduce ground water recharge. Evaluation was undertaken in three nurseries (general, waterlogged soil and acid soil). Medicago sativa L. subsp. sativa (lucerne) cv. Sceptre was the best performing species across all sites. In the general and acid soil nurseries, Cichorium intybus L. (chicory) cv. Grasslands Puna was the only species comparable with Sceptre lucerne in terms of persistence and herbage production. Trifolium fragiferum L. cv. Palestine and Lotus corniculatus L. SA833 were the best performing species on heavy clay soils prone to waterlogging. Three Dorycnium hirsutum (L.) Ser. accessions persisted well on acid soils, but were slow to establish. Short-lived perennial forage legumes, such as Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. cv. Othello, and three Hedysarum coronarium L. entries, including cv. Grasslands Aokou, had high herbage production in the first 2 years and may be suitable for short-term pastures in phased pasture-crop farming systems. T. uniflorum L. and M. sativa subsp. caerulea SA38052 were highly persistent and could play a role as companion species in mixtures or ground cover species for undulating landscapes. Cullen australasicum (Schltdl.) G.W. Grimes SA4966 and Lotononis bainesii Baker cv. Miles had poor establishment, but were persistent. Chicory, T. fragiferum and L. corniculatus were identified as species, other than lucerne, with the most immediate potential for further selection to increase the diversity of perennial legumes and herbs adapted to southern Australian environments.
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