Sera from chronic chagasic patients depress cardiac electrogenesis and conduction

We report results obtained with sera from 58 chronic chagasic patients that were evaluated for effects on heart rate and atrioventricular (AV) conduction in isolated rabbit hearts and screened for the presence of muscarinic and beta-adrenergic activity. We show that sera from 26 patients decreased heart rate, while 10 increased it and 22 had no effect. Additionally, sera from 20 of the 58 patients blocked AV conduction. Muscarinic activation seems to be involved in both effects, but is not the only mechanism, since atropine did not antagonize the decrease in heart rate in 23% of sera or AV block in 40%. Sera from patients with complex arrhythmias were significantly more effective in depressing both heart rate and AV conduction. Sera that induce increases in heart rate seem to operate exclusively through beta-adrenergic activation. Two of these sera, evaluated with respect to intercellular communication in primary cultures of embryonic cardiomyocytes were able to block gap junction conductance evaluated by a dye injection technique after 24-h exposure. The mechanisms underlying this uncoupling effect are currently being investigated.

Complex channel activity recorded from rat liver gap junctional membranes incorporated into lipid bilayers

1. Channels from isolated liver junctional membranes were incorporated into lipid bilayers and studied under voltage clamp conditions. Detergent treatment of junctional membrane fragments greatly increased the incidence of channel incorporation but did not noticeably alter the properties of the incorporated channels. Incorporation resulted in channel activity displaying an approximately symmetric voltage dependence in which conductance was decreased with imposed transmembrane voltages exceeding +/- 20 mV. A residual voltage-independent conductance was also detected in membranes in which liver junctional membranes were incorporated. The magnitude of this voltage-insensitive component varied from less than 20% to more than 75% of the total conductance. 2. These results are generally similar to those described by Young, Cohn and Gilula (Cell, 48: 733-743, 1987) in incorporation experiments following detergent treatment of isolated gap junction membranes. However, we interpret these data as indicating the existence of distinct channel populations in the incorporated membrane fractions. Our results suggest that a population of larger conductance channels (greater than or equal to 150 pS) contributes the voltage-dependent component of the membrane conductance, while smaller channels (unitary conductance about 50-150 pS) contribute the voltage-independent component. The biophysical properties of the larger channel are comparable to those seen in communication-deficient cells transfected with connexin32, confirming a report describing conductance of bilayers in which electroeluted 27-kDa liver gap junction protein was inserted. 3. These findings indicate that connexin32 comprises the larger, voltage-dependent channels seen in the bilayer experiments in which liver junctional membranes are incorporated.