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Caldés A, Colom H, Armendariz Y, Garrido MJ, Troconiz IF, Gil-Vernet S, Lloberas N, Pou L, Peraire C, Grinyó JM. Population pharmacokinetics of ganciclovir after intravenous ganciclovir and oral valganciclovir administration in solid organ transplant patients infected with cytomegalovirus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:4816-24. [PMID: 19738014 PMCID: PMC2772326 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00085-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A population pharmacokinetics analysis was performed after intravenous ganciclovir and oral valganciclovir in solid organ transplant patients with cytomegalovirus. Patients received ganciclovir at 5 mg/kg of body weight (5 days) and then 900 mg of valganciclovir (16 days), both twice daily with dose adjustment for renal function. A total of 382 serum concentrations from days 5 and 15 were analyzed with NONMEM VI. Renal function given by creatinine clearance (CL(CR)) was the most influential covariate in CL. The final pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: ganciclovir clearance (CL) was 7.49.(CL(CR)/57) liter/h (57 was the mean population value of CL(CR)); the central and peripheral distribution volumes were 31.9 liters and 32.0 liters, respectively; intercompartmental clearance was 10.2 liter/h; the first-order absorption rate constant was 0.895 h(-1); bioavailability was 0.825; and lag time was 0.382 h. The CL(CR) was the best predictor of CL, making dose adjustment by this covariate important to achieve the most efficacious ganciclovir exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Caldés
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Biochemistry Service, Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H. Colom
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Biochemistry Service, Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Y. Armendariz
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Biochemistry Service, Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. J. Garrido
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Biochemistry Service, Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I. F. Troconiz
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Biochemistry Service, Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S. Gil-Vernet
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Biochemistry Service, Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N. Lloberas
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Biochemistry Service, Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L. Pou
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Biochemistry Service, Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Peraire
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Biochemistry Service, Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. M. Grinyó
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Biochemistry Service, Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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Kaplinsky EJ, Manito N, Roca J, Castells E, Saura E, Gomez-Hospital JA, Caldés A, Esplugas E. Sirolimus in heart transplantation: a single center initial experience. Transplant Proc 2003; 35:1978-80. [PMID: 12962868 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(03)00658-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Sirolimus (SRL) is a potent non-nephrotoxic immunosuppressant. In our unit, SRL was administered to 17 heart transplant (HT) recipients at 1770+/-1234 days' posttransplant surgery, for the following reasons: (1) calcineurin inhibitor (CI) withdrawal due to renal insufficiency (RI; n=6); (2) neurotoxicity (n=1) and pancytopenia (n=1); (3) vascular graft disease (VGD) treatment (n=5); (4) immunosuppression optimization due to lung cancer (n=2); (5) CI use was delayed due to postsurgery RI (n=2). The mean follow-up was 190+/-165 days. Mean SRL doses (mg)/concentrations (ng/mL) at 7 (n=17), 30 (n=14), and 180 (n=8) days were: 1.2+/-0.6/5.9+/-6; 1.6+/-0.8/4.8+/-3.1; and 1.7+/-1.0/5.2+/-3.7. Among group 1, CI patients were discontinued without favorable functional impact. Neurotoxicity and pancytopenia improved, but there were no major clinical events in the VGD group. One "bridge" to CI was successfully performed (postsurgery RI). Total leukocyte count fell while hemoglobin, platelet, and cholesterol profiles were not affected. Ten of 15 patients (67%) were discontinued from CI without rejection and with a dose reduction of mycophenolate mofetil. There were 8 episodes (47%) of SRL-related toxicity, leading to 4 discontinuations (23%); 8 patients (47%) have died during follow-up. This retrospective analysis of outcomes in the context of severe complicated patients suggests that more premature introduction SRL is preferable, particularly in a large patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Kaplinsky
- Heart Transplant Unit, Bellvitge Universitari Hosptial, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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