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Chacon A, Barragan A, Judd T, Safi D. Adaptive Functioning (AF) Evaluations of Foreign Nationals Facing Capital Punishment. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acz029.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
The US Supreme Court ruled against the application of the death penalty to individuals with intellectual disability (ID) (Atkins v. Virginia, 2002). Diagnostic criteria for ID require subnormal adaptive functioning (AF) in addition to IQ test scores (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) (2010, 2012) and APA (2013) recommend using culturally sensitive approaches. Assessing AF in immigrants is a challenge because their cultural backgrounds are different than those of the standardization samples of United States AF measures. When typical AF measures are not appropriate, AAIDD (2010) offers guidelines about appropriate sources such as school, work, and medical records, prior psychosocial evaluations, and qualitative adaptive behavior interviews with multiple informants. However, defendants facing the death penalty are often raised in impoverished areas with a paucity of pertinent documentation. This study identifies and discusses issues related to the use of self-report, selection of respondents, questions, collateral information, and clinical judgment in AF evaluations of immigrants facing the death penalty.
Case Description
We present a case study of an AF evaluation of a Mexican national seeking ID exemption from capital punishment.
Discussion
We offer a framework for developing and judging the quality of an AF evaluation that adheres to the (AAIDD) (2010, 2012) and APA (2013) guidelines, and includes 1) strengths and limitations of adaptive functioning in relation to others of his age group and culture; 2) reliable evidence concerning the individual’s history in specific periods of time; 3) an account of the individual’s cultural and linguistic differences; and 4) an account for potential bias on the respondents’ side.
References
Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304 (2002). American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. fifth ed. Washington, DC: APA; 2013. American Psychological Association. (2016). Revision of ethical standard 3.04 of the “Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct” (2002, as amended 2010). American Psychologist, 71, 900. Schalock, R.L., Borthwick-Duffy, S.A.,Bradley, V. J., Buntix, W.H.E.,.Coulter, D.L., Craig, E.M…..Yeager, M.H. (2010). Intellectual disability: Definition, classification, and systems of supports. (11th ed.).Washington, DC: American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. doi:978-1-935304-04-3. Schalock, R.L., Luckasson, R.A., Bradley, V., Buntinx, W.H.E., Lachapelle, Y., Shogren, K.A…Wehmeyer, M.L. (2012). Intellectual disability: Definition, classification, and system of supports: User's Guide. Washington, DC: American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.
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Hofmann T, Pinto M, Mohammadi A, Nitta M, Nishikido F, Iwao Y, Tashima H, Yoshida E, Chacon A, Safavi-Naeini M, Rosenfeld A, Yamaya T, Parodi K. Dose reconstruction from PET images in carbon ion therapy: a deconvolution approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 64:025011. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aaf676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Maza M, Melendez M, Masch R, Alfaro K, Chacon A, Gonzalez E, Soler M, Conzuelo-Rodriguez G, Gage JC, Alonzo TA, Castle PE, Felix JC, Cremer M. Acceptability of self-sampling and human papillomavirus testing among non-attenders of cervical cancer screening programs in El Salvador. Prev Med 2018; 114:149-155. [PMID: 29958860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In a cross-sectional study carried out in El Salvador between February 2016 and July 2017, self-sampling and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing was found to be highly acceptable among 2019 women who had not attended a cervical cancer screening in at least 3 years. Within this population, HPV positivity rates differed according to age, marital status, number of children, and lifetime sexual partners. The proportion of women who tested HPV positive or who were diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2) or more severe diagnoses (CIN2+) was similar to the general population of the area. Among the reasons for failing to participate in previous screening programs, non-attending women described logistic concerns, but also erroneous beliefs regarding HPV and cervical cancer, misconceptions regarding the screening procedure, discomfort with male providers, and confidentiality fears. The aim of this study was to identify opportunities and challenges that emerged from the use of self-sampling and HPV testing as part of a public cervical cancer control effort in a low-resource setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maza
- Basic Health International, Colonia San Francisco, Avenida Las Camelias 14, San Salvador, El Salvador; Basic Health International, 25 Broadway, 9th Floor, New York, NY 10004, United States of America.
| | - M Melendez
- Basic Health International, Colonia San Francisco, Avenida Las Camelias 14, San Salvador, El Salvador; Basic Health International, 25 Broadway, 9th Floor, New York, NY 10004, United States of America.
| | - R Masch
- Basic Health International, Colonia San Francisco, Avenida Las Camelias 14, San Salvador, El Salvador; Basic Health International, 25 Broadway, 9th Floor, New York, NY 10004, United States of America.
| | - K Alfaro
- Basic Health International, Colonia San Francisco, Avenida Las Camelias 14, San Salvador, El Salvador; Basic Health International, 25 Broadway, 9th Floor, New York, NY 10004, United States of America.
| | - A Chacon
- Ministry of Health, San Salvador, El Salvador, Calle Arce 827, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - E Gonzalez
- Ministry of Health, San Salvador, El Salvador, Calle Arce 827, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - M Soler
- Basic Health International, Colonia San Francisco, Avenida Las Camelias 14, San Salvador, El Salvador; Basic Health International, 25 Broadway, 9th Floor, New York, NY 10004, United States of America.
| | - G Conzuelo-Rodriguez
- Basic Health International, Colonia San Francisco, Avenida Las Camelias 14, San Salvador, El Salvador; Basic Health International, 25 Broadway, 9th Floor, New York, NY 10004, United States of America.
| | - J C Gage
- National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America.
| | - T A Alonzo
- University of Southern California, 222 East Huntington Drive, Suite 100, Monrovia, CA 91016, United States of America.
| | - P E Castle
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, United States of America
| | - J C Felix
- Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America.
| | - M Cremer
- Basic Health International, Colonia San Francisco, Avenida Las Camelias 14, San Salvador, El Salvador; Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States of America; Basic Health International, 25 Broadway, 9th Floor, New York, NY 10004, United States of America.
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Chacon A, Bauer A, Adams T, Rucker F, Brandl G, Georgii R, Garst M, Pfleiderer C. Uniaxial Pressure Dependence of Magnetic Order in MnSi. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:267202. [PMID: 26765018 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.267202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report comprehensive small angle neutron scattering measurements complemented by ac susceptibility data of the helical order, conical phase, and Skyrmion lattice phase (SLP) in MnSi under uniaxial pressures. For all crystallographic orientations uniaxial pressure favors the phase for which a spatial modulation of the magnetization is closest to the pressure axis. Uniaxial pressures as low as 1 kbar applied perpendicular to the magnetic field axis enhance the Skyrmion lattice phase substantially, whereas the Skyrmion lattice phase is suppressed for pressure parallel to the field. Taken together we present quantitative microscopic information on how strain couples to magnetic order in the chiral magnet MnSi.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chacon
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str., D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Bauer
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str., D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Adams
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str., D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - F Rucker
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str., D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G Brandl
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str., D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Georgii
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str., D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Garst
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - C Pfleiderer
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str., D-85748 Garching, Germany
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Savas JA, Ledon JA, Franca K, Chacon A, Nouri K. Pulsed dye laser-resistant port-wine stains: mechanisms of resistance and implications for treatment. Br J Dermatol 2013; 168:941-53. [PMID: 23290045 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Port-wine stains (PWS) are among the most common congenital vascular malformations. Unlike capillary haemangiomas, these lesions do not involute spontaneously but rather become progressively more disfiguring as the patient ages. While benign in nature, the cosmetic deformity and attendant psychological and emotional distress prompt the majority of those afflicted to seek treatment. The pulsed dye laser (PDL) has long been considered the treatment of choice for these vascular lesions; however, very few patients achieve total clearance with PDL therapy and a significant number of lesions fail to respond at all. In order to address these recalcitrant cases, the mechanisms that contribute to treatment resistance must be understood and novel laser and light therapies must be employed. This review will address what is currently known about lesion-specific characteristics of PDL-resistant PWS as well as discuss current and future treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Savas
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Milde P, Kohler D, Seidel J, Eng LM, Bauer A, Chacon A, Kindervater J, Muhlbauer S, Pfleiderer C, Buhrandt S, Schutte C, Rosch A. Unwinding of a Skyrmion Lattice by Magnetic Monopoles. Science 2013; 340:1076-80. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1234657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Adams T, Chacon A, Wagner M, Bauer A, Brandl G, Pedersen B, Berger H, Lemmens P, Pfleiderer C. Long-wavelength helimagnetic order and skyrmion lattice phase in Cu2OSeO3. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:237204. [PMID: 23003986 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.237204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a long-wavelength helimagnetic superstructure in bulk samples of the ferrimagnetic insulator Cu2OSeO3. The magnetic phase diagram associated with the helimagnetic modulation inferred from small-angle neutron scattering and magnetization measurements includes a skyrmion lattice phase and is strongly reminiscent of MnSi, FeGe, and Fe(1-x)Co(x)Si, i.e., binary isostructural siblings of Cu2OSeO3 that order helimagnetically. The temperature dependence of the specific heat of Cu2OSeO3 is characteristic of nearly critical spin fluctuations at the helimagnetic transition. This provides putative evidence for effective spin currents as the origin of enhancements of the magnetodielectric response instead of atomic displacements considered so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Adams
- Technische Universität München, Physik-Department E21, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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Flores Chávez M, Chacon A, Chacon de Petrola M, Pacheco de Toro M. Determination of Autologus Serum Skin Test and its Association with Clinical and Immunological Markers in Adult Patients with Chronic Urticaria Treated at the Regional Unit of Immunology at the "Dr. Enrique Tejera" Hospital from April to September 2007. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
The management of benign prostatic hyperplasia has undergone a rapid evolution over the past decade from a surgical emphasis to a medical emphasis. Great strides in the development of alpha-adrenergic blockers, 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors and a variety of phytotherapeutics have fueled this evolution. This article reviews the past, present and future of the medical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chacon
- Division of Urology, University of California, San Diego, USA
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Calleja F, Eguaras MG, Chacon A, Vivancos R, Montero A, Concha M. Pulmonary valve endocarditis during puerperal sepsis. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 1992; 33:292-4. [PMID: 1601910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A case of pulmonary valve endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus during puerperal sepsis in a female patient is reported. The M-mode and two dimensional echocardiographic finding are described. A review of the literature shows that this entity is rare. A large vegetation in the leaflet of the pulmonary valve was excised and the patient recovered after a full course of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Calleja
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital Regional Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
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Chacon A. Trachoma and Immigration. Public Health Pap Rep 1907; 33:163-166. [PMID: 19601358 PMCID: PMC2232429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Chacon A. Hygiene of the Sight. Public Health Pap Rep 1902; 28:311-313. [PMID: 19601070 PMCID: PMC2329481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Chacon A. Necessity of the Study by Sanitary Congresses of Measures for the Prevention of Blindness. Public Health Pap Rep 1896; 22:151-154. [PMID: 19600694 PMCID: PMC2329110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Chacon A. Prevention of Ophthalmia Neonatorum. Public Health Pap Rep 1892; 18:176-179. [PMID: 19600453 PMCID: PMC2266562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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