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Sacramento JP, Oliveira AS, Leao AE, Fonseca AP, Coelho SG, Tomich TR, Machado FS, Ferreira AL, Campos MM, Silvi RR, Rowntree JE, Rodrigues JPP, Pereira LGR. Energy requirement for primiparous Holstein × Gyr crossbred dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00732-X. [PMID: 38608938 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Our objective was to estimate the requirements of metabolizable energy (ME) and net energy for the maintenance (NEm) of lactating and dry cows, the efficiency of ME utilization for milk production (kl) and tissue gain (kg), and the use of body energy mobilization for milk production (kt) throughout the lactation of primiparous crossbred Holstein × Gyr cows, using open-circuit respiration chambers. Twenty-nine primiparous Holstein × Gyr crossbred cows with an initial BW averaging 563 ± 40.1 kg and 2.5 ± 0.09 years old were used throughout lactation and dry periods. The cows were kept non-pregnant throughout the study to eliminate possible confounding factors. Apparent digestibility assays, followed by calorimeter measurements, were performed 6 times throughout the lactation period. In the dry-off period, the cows were also evaluated but fed with restricted intake (DMI = 1.1% BW/d) to achieve heat production close to maintenance. After 21 d of diet adaptation, an apparent digestibility assay followed by calorimeter measurements was performed. Parameter estimates for lactation period were obtained by mixed models including lactation stage as repeated measures. For restricted feeding at dry-off and fasting period assays, the requirements were estimated by exponential regression. For whole lactation, the values of MEm and NEm were 0.588 and 0.395 MJ/BW0.75, respectively. The efficiencies klkgkt were 0.672, 0.771, and 0.814, respectively. However, MEm and NEm were higher in early and mid-lactation than late, while kl was higher in early than other lactation stages. Dry and non-pregnant cows had MEm of 0.434 MJ/BW0.75 and NEm of 0.351 MJ/BW0.75 for maintenance level, and MEm of 0.396 MJ/BW0.75 and NEm of 0.345 MJ/BW0.75 for fasting metabolism level and efficiency of ME utilization for maintenance was 0.80. Our findings confirmed that F1 crossbred Holstein × Gyr dairy cows have differences in energy requirement and efficiency throughout the lactation stages, suggesting the use of different values in each stage. The estimated values of energy requirement for maintenance and efficiencies for primiparous lactating crossbred Holstein × Gyr were similar to those reported in the literature in specific studies and requirements systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Sacramento
- Department of Bioengineering, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, 36307-352, São João dei Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, Eats Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - A S Oliveira
- Dairy Cattle Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, 78557-267, Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - A E Leao
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 30161-970, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A P Fonseca
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 30161-970, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - S G Coelho
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 30161-970, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - T R Tomich
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa Dairy Cattle, 36038-330, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - F S Machado
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa Dairy Cattle, 36038-330, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A L Ferreira
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa Dairy Cattle, 36038-330, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M M Campos
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa Dairy Cattle, 36038-330, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R R Silvi
- Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil, 45662-900
| | - J E Rowntree
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, Eats Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - J P P Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Production, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 23897-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L G R Pereira
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa Dairy Cattle, 36038-330, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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