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Chmurska M, Galuszka A, Pawlicki P, Zarzycka M, Sechman A, Grzegorzewska A, Niedbala P, Kotula-Balak M. Effect of indoxyl sulfate on the morphology and function of the thyroid gland - ex vivo studies in rabbits. J Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 74. [PMID: 38345449 DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2023.6.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Indoxyl sulfates are uremic indolic toxins known to participate in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases during chronic kidney disease in humans and some animal species. However, nothing is known about the indoxyl sulfate effect on the thyroid gland which is especially responsible for the general organism metabolism. This study determines the morpho-functional status of the thyroid gland after exposure to indoxyl sulfate (10, 25, and 50 mM) with the use of an ex vivo system and rabbit (n=10) as an experimental model thyroid gland histology, immunoexpression of thyrotropin receptor (TSHR), and concentrations of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of the variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post hoc comparison test. Minor alterations in thyroid tissue structure e.g. very rare exfoliated epithelial cells, condensed colloid fluid, or slight loosening of the epithelium were found. In addition, modulated dose dependent-expression of TSHR (p<0.01, p<0.001) together with a decreased level of T4 and T3 (p<0.001, p<0.01) exception of an increased level of T4 after the middle dose of indoxyl sulfate were revealed. We report here, for the first time, that indoxyl sulfate affects the thyroid gland mainly at the molecular level. The rabbit thyroid gland ex vivo system seems to be suitable for further studies on the thyroid gland in health and disease. However, the effect of TSH-TSHR signaling at ultrastructural, and epigenetic levels needs supplementary appraisal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chmurska
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Internal Animal Diseases, University Center of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Cracow, Poland
| | - A Galuszka
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Preclinical Sciences, University Center of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Cracow, Poland
| | - P Pawlicki
- Center of Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Cracow, Poland
| | - M Zarzycka
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - A Sechman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Cracow, Poland
| | - A Grzegorzewska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Cracow, Poland
| | - P Niedbala
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Cracow, Poland
| | - M Kotula-Balak
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Preclinical Sciences, University Center of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Cracow, Cracow, Poland.
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Witkowski M, Duliban M, Rak A, Profaska-Szymik M, Gurgul A, Arent ZJ, Galuszka A, Kotula-Balak M. Next-Generation Sequencing analysis discloses genes implicated in equine endometrosis that may lead to tumorigenesis. Theriogenology 2022; 189:158-166. [PMID: 35760027 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Endometrosis is a periglandular fibrosis associated with dysfunction of affected glandular epithelial cells that is the most common cause of reduced fertility in mares, although it is not fully understood. The etiology of the disease is still partially unknown. This study focuses on understanding the genetic mechanisms potentially underlying endometrosis in mares using the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technique. Endometrial samples, used in the study, were obtained in the anestrus phase both from healthy mares and those diagnosed with endometrosis. The NGS data were analyzed for gene involvement in biological processes and pathways (e.g. STAR, KOBAS-I, STRING, and ClustVis software). Bioinformatic analysis revealed differential expression of 55 transcripts. In tissues with endometrosis, most genes displayed upregulated expression. The protein-protein interaction analysis disclosed a substantial transcript network including transcripts related to metabolism e.g. sulfur metabolism (SELENBP1), ovarian steroidogenesis, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and chemical carcinogenesis (CYP1B1), COXs (COX4I1, COX3, UQCRFS1) as well as transcripts related to immune response e.g. MMP7, JCHAIN, PIGR, CALR, B2M, FCGRT. Interestingly, the latter has been previously linked with various pathologies including cancers in the female reproductive system. In conclusion, this study evaluated genes that are not directly impacted by sex hormone feedback, but that create a metabolic and immune environment in tissues, thus influencing fertility and pregnancy in mares with endometrosis. Moreover, some of the identified genes may be implicated in tumorigenesis of endometrial lesions. These data may be useful as a starting point in further research, such as the development of targeted strategies for rapid diagnosis and/or prevention of this pathology based on gene and protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Witkowski
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology with Andrology and Animal Reproduction Biotechnology, University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland; Equine Hospital on the Racing Truck, Sluzewiec, Pulawska 266, 02-684, Warszawa, Poland
| | - M Duliban
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| | - A Rak
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Profaska-Szymik
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology with Andrology and Animal Reproduction Biotechnology, University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Gurgul
- Center for Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Redzina 1c, 30-248, Krakow, Poland
| | - Z J Arent
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases and Food Hygiene, University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Galuszka
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Preclinical Sciences, University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Kotula-Balak
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Preclinical Sciences, University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
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