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Groeben H, Walz MK, Nottebaum BJ, Alesina PF, Greenwald A, Schumann R, Hollmann MW, Schwarte L, Behrends M, Rössel T, Groeben C, Schäfer M, Lowery A, Hirata N, Yamakage M, Miller JA, Cherry TJ, Nelson A, Solorzano CC, Gigliotti B, Wang TS, Wietasch JKG, Friederich P, Sheppard B, Graham PH, Weingarten TN, Sprung J. International multicentre review of perioperative management and outcome for catecholamine-producing tumours. Br J Surg 2020; 107:e170-e178. [PMID: 31903598 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery for catecholamine-producing tumours can be complicated by intraoperative and postoperative haemodynamic instability. Several perioperative management strategies have emerged but none has been evaluated in randomized trials. To assess this issue, contemporary perioperative management and outcome data from 21 centres were collected. METHODS Twenty-one centres contributed outcome data from patients who had surgery for phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma between 2000 and 2017. The data included the number of patients with and without α-receptor blockade, surgical and anaesthetic techniques, complications and perioperative mortality. RESULTS Across all centres, data were reported on 1860 patients with phaeochromocytoma or paraganglioma, of whom 343 underwent surgery without α-receptor blockade. The majority of operations (78·9 per cent) were performed using minimally invasive techniques, including 16·1 per cent adrenal cortex-sparing procedures. The cardiovascular complication rate was 5·0 per cent overall: 5·9 per cent (90 of 1517) in patients with preoperative α-receptor blockade and 0·9 per cent (3 of 343) among patients without α-receptor blockade. The mortality rate was 0·5 per cent overall (9 of 1860): 0·5 per cent (8 of 517) in pretreated and 0·3 per cent (1 of 343) in non-pretreated patients. CONCLUSION There is substantial variability in the perioperative management of catecholamine-producing tumours, yet the overall complication rate is low. Further studies are needed to better define the optimal management approach, and reappraisal of international perioperative guidelines appears desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Groeben
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Essen, Germany
| | - M K Walz
- Department of Minimally and General Surgery, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - B J Nottebaum
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Essen, Germany
| | - P F Alesina
- Department of Minimally and General Surgery, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - A Greenwald
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Columbia University, New York
| | - R Schumann
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - M W Hollmann
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L Schwarte
- VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Behrends
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - T Rössel
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Carl-Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Urology, Carl-Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - C Groeben
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Carl-Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Urology, Carl-Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Schäfer
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Lowery
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - N Hirata
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - M Yamakage
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - J A Miller
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - T J Cherry
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Nelson
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - C C Solorzano
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - B Gigliotti
- Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - T S Wang
- Division of Surgical Oncology - Endocrine Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - J K G Wietasch
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - P Friederich
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Klinikum Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany
| | - B Sheppard
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - P H Graham
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - T N Weingarten
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - J Sprung
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Abstract
In this paper, we describe our autonomous bidding agent, RoxyBot, who emerged victorious in the travel division of the 2006 Trading Agent Competition in a photo finish. At a high level, the design of many successful trading agents can be summarized as follows: (i) price prediction: build a model of market prices; and (ii) optimization: solve for an approximately optimal set of bids, given this model. To predict, RoxyBot builds a stochastic model of market prices by simulating simultaneous ascending auctions. To optimize, RoxyBot relies on the sample average approximation method, a stochastic optimization technique.
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Paulos L, Greenwald A. Endoscopic ACL Reconstruction - Mitek Anchor Surgical Technique. Surg Technol Int 1994; 3:571-576. [PMID: 21319126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Techniques for the repair and reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) have advanced rapidly in the last decade. The procedure for ACL reconstruction and its equipment have become progressively sophisticated from what was once an open surgery requiring dislocation of the patella to the point where ACL reconstruction surgery can now be performed endoscopically through one small incision. By avoiding a superior / lateral incision through the quadriceps muscle, the endoscopic technique provides the advantages of reduced soft tissue morbidity, reduced pain and improved cosmetic appearance for the patient, and reduced costs due to the fact that the procedure can be performed on an outpatient basis. However, the success of the procedure in restoring normal stability and function to the knee is still based on the variables of graft type, placement, tension, and fixation, as well as postoperative rehabilitation. Numerous studies have provided valuable information regarding advancements in the surgical technique and rehabilitation for ACL reconstruction surgery. Regardless, variable success rates continue to be reported. For failures occurring within the first six months after surgery, graft fixation failure has been shown to be the major cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Paulos
- Medical Director, The Orthopedic Bio-Mechanical Institute, Salt Lake City, UT
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Loughnan PM, Greenwald A, Purton WW, Aranda JV, Watters G, Neims AH. Pharmacokinetic observations of phenytoin disposition in the newborn and young infant. Arch Dis Child 1977; 52:302-9. [PMID: 871217 PMCID: PMC1544674 DOI: 10.1136/adc.52.4.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic profile of phenytoin (DPH) was studied in 30 infants aged 2 days to 96 weeks. The plasma DPH half-life during the first week of life in term infants was prolonged and very variable (20-7 +/- 11-6 h, mean +/-SD). Thereafter the plasma half-life was much shorter (7-6 +/- 3-5 h). In preterm infants the half-life was much longer (75-4 +/- 64-5 h) and more variable. The mean apparent volume of distribution was similar in these groups of infants: preterm newborn 0-80 +/- 0-22 l/kg, term infants during the first week of life 0-80 +/- 0-26 l/kg, and term infants greater than 2 weeks of age 0-73 +/- 0-18 l/kg. Predictions of steady-state plasma DPH concentrations, based on these kinetic parameters, were confirmed. Very low "trough" plasma DPH concentrations were observed after the 14th postnatal day in 19 infants receiving 8 mg/kg per 24 h orally. On the other hand, infants of less than one week of age receiving the same dose, especially if preterm, frequently showed drug accumulation to toxic plasma DPH concentrations. The impaired binding of DPH to newborn plasma protein was confirmed but "normal adult values" were approached by the age of 3 months. An intravenous loading dose of 8 mg/kg (sodium phenytoin) can be expected to generate a mean plasma DPH concentration of 10 mg/l (40 micronmol/l) in the newborn. Loading doses of up to 12 mg/kg were given without untoward effects. During the first week or so of life plasma Dph half-life is so variable that no fixed dosage regimen can be derived from the available data. Beyond the second week of life, however, a dose of 8 mg/kg per 24 h is probably inadequate for most infants.
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