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Couto ML, Silva M, Barbosa MJ, Ferreira F, Fragoso AS, Azenha Rama T. Defining hereditary alpha-tryptasemia as a risk/modifying factor for anaphylaxis: are we there yet? Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2023. [PMID: 36927821 DOI: 10.23822/eurannaci.1764-1489.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Summary Hereditary α-tryptasemia (HαT) is a common autosomal dominant genetic trait with variable penetrance associated with increased serum baseline tryptase (SBT) levels. Clinical manifestations may range from an absence of symptoms to overtly severe and recurrent anaphylaxis. Symptoms have been claimed to result from excessive activation of EGF-like module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 2 (EMR2) and protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) receptors by α/β-tryptase heterotetramers. Herein, we aimed to review the evidence on whether HαT can be considered a hereditary risk factor or a modifying factor for anaphylaxis. Increased SBT levels have been linked to an increased risk of anaphylaxis. Likewise, recent studies have shown that HαT might be associated with a higher risk of developing anaphylaxis and more severe anaphylaxis. The same has also been shown for patients with clonal mast cell disorders, in whom the co-existence of HαT might lead to a greater propensity for severe, potentially life-threatening anaphylaxis. However, studies leading to such conclusions are generally limited in sample size, while other studies have shown opposing results. As such, further studies investigating the potential association of HαT with anaphylaxis caused by different triggers, and different severity grades, in both patients with clonal mast cell (MC) activation syndromes and the general population are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Couto
- Basic and Clinical Immunology Service, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Silva
- Basic and Clinical Immunology Service, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M J Barbosa
- Basic and Clinical Immunology Service, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Ferreira
- Basic and Clinical Immunology Service, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A S Fragoso
- Basic and Clinical Immunology Service, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - T Azenha Rama
- Basic and Clinical Immunology Service, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Immunoalergology Service, São João University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
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Fragoso AS, Silva MB, de Melo CP, Aguiar JLA, Rodrigues CG, de Medeiros PL, Branco Junior JF, Andrade CAS, Oliveira MDL. Dielectric study of the adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord on a sugarcane biopolymer. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2014; 25:229-237. [PMID: 24072391 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-5056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
It is of current interest the identification of appropriate matrices for growing mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). These cells are able not only to regenerate themselves but also to differentiate into other type of functional cells, and so they have been extensively used in tissue engineering. In this work, we have evaluated the use of electric impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to follow the adhesion of MSC from Wharton's jelly of the human umbilical cord (hWJMSC) on sugarcane biopolymers (SCB). Impedance spectra of the systems were obtained in the frequency range of 10(2)-10(5) Hz. An EIS investigation showed that when deposited on a metallic electrode SCB films prevent the passage of electrons between the solution and the metallic interface. The impedance spectra of hWJMSCs adhered on SCB revealed that there is a significant increase in the magnitude of the impedance when compared to that of pure SCB. The corresponding resistance (real part of the impedance) was even higher for the SCB-hWJMSC system than for SCB without cells on their surface, in an indication of an increased blockage to the electron transfers. The resistance charge transfer is extracted by curve-fitting the impedance spectra to an equivalent circuit model. Also, a shift of the phase angle to higher frequencies was obtained for SCB-hWJMSC system as a result from hWJMSC adhesion. Our study demonstrates that EIS is an appropriate method to evaluate the adhesion of MSC. SCB can be considered as a promising biomaterial for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Fragoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
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